c-Windows上的Linux交叉编译(链接器输出文件在Linux上无法作为可执行文件运行,并且具有未定义的符号)
作者：互联网
我正在尝试使用clang和已编译为具有elf64支持的ld版本在Windows上为linux ELF文件设置交叉编译. clang编译部分很好,它输出在Linux上链接时可以工作的ELF obj文件.我的测试用例cpp只是主要包含一个printf语句.
为了在Windows上尝试链接,我从ubuntu安装程序中复制了所有库,并以正确的顺序指定了作为链接器参数所需的那些(如它们在g所执行的ld调用中所示).问题是,输出文件与Linux上生成的文件略有不同,并且无法作为可执行文件运行.我注意到,例如,在Windows上链接的版本中,存在未定义的符号“ printf”,在Linux版本中它似乎已变成“ puts”.
无论如何,我想知道是否有人知道这里发生了什么.
我实际的链接参数是这样的：
LFLAGS = --build-id --eh-frame-hdr --oformat elf64-x86-64 -m elf_x86_64 --hash-style=gnu --as-needed -z relro --verbose
LIBDIRS = -LI:\\Linux\\gcc\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\4.8.1 -LI:\\Linux\\libs\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu -LI:\\Linux\\libs\\lib -LI:\\Linux\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu -LI:\\Linux\\lib
LIBS = I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\\ld-2.17.so I:\\Linux\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\crt1.o I:\\Linux\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\crti.o I:\\Linux\\gcc\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\4.8.1\\crtbegin.o Test.o I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\\libstdc++.so.6.0.18 I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\\libgcc_s.so.1 I:\Linux\gcc\x86_64-linux-gnu\4.8.1\\libgcc.a I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\\libc.so.6 I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\\libc_nonshared.a I:\\Linux\\gcc\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\4.8.1\\crtend.o I:\\Linux\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\crtn.o
all: $(MAIN)
./ld-new.exe $(LFLAGS) $(LIBDIRS) $(LIBS) -o Test
$(MAIN):
clang $(CFLAGS) $(SYSINCLUDES) -o $(OBJS) -x c++ $(SRCS)
在linux上链接：
==================================================
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o succeeded
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o succeeded
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/crtbegin.o succeeded
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/crtbegin.o
attempt to open Test.o succeeded
Test.o
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libstdc++.so succeeded
-lstdc++ (/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libstdc++.so)
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libm.so failed
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libm.a failed
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so succeeded
-lm (/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so)
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libgcc_s.so succeeded
-lgcc_s (/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libgcc_s.so)
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libgcc.so failed
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libgcc.a succeeded
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libc.so failed
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libc.a failed
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so succeeded
opened script file /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so
opened script file /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so
attempt to open /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 succeeded
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
attempt to open /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a succeeded
(/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a)elf-init.oS
attempt to open /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 succeeded
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libgcc_s.so succeeded
-lgcc_s (/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libgcc_s.so)
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libgcc.so failed
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/libgcc.a succeeded
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/crtend.o succeeded
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/crtend.o
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crtn.o succeeded
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crtn.o
ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 needed by /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
found ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 at /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
在Linux上的nm输出：
k@system:/shared$nm ./Test
0000000000601040 B __bss_start
0000000000601040 b completed.6992
0000000000601030 D __data_start
0000000000601030 W data_start
0000000000400470 t deregister_tm_clones
00000000004004e0 t __do_global_dtors_aux
0000000000600e18 t __do_global_dtors_aux_fini_array_entry
0000000000601038 D __dso_handle
0000000000600e28 d _DYNAMIC
0000000000601040 D _edata
0000000000601048 B _end
00000000004005e4 T _fini
0000000000400500 t frame_dummy
0000000000600e10 t __frame_dummy_init_array_entry
0000000000400718 r __FRAME_END__
0000000000601000 d _GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_
w __gmon_start__
00000000004003e0 T _init
0000000000600e18 t __init_array_end
0000000000600e10 t __init_array_start
00000000004005f0 R _IO_stdin_used
w _ITM_deregisterTMCloneTable
w _ITM_registerTMCloneTable
0000000000600e20 d __JCR_END__
0000000000600e20 d __JCR_LIST__
w _Jv_RegisterClasses
00000000004005e0 T __libc_csu_fini
0000000000400550 T __libc_csu_init
U __libc_start_main@@GLIBC_2.2.5
000000000040052d T main
U puts@@GLIBC_2.2.5
00000000004004a0 t register_tm_clones
0000000000400440 T _start
0000000000601040 D __TMC_END__
在Windows上链接：
==================================================
attempt to open I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\ld-2.17.so succeeded
I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\ld-2.17.so
attempt to open I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\crt1.o succeeded
I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\crt1.o
attempt to open I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\crti.o succeeded
I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\crti.o
attempt to open I:\Linux\gcc\x86_64-linux-gnu\4.8.1\crtbegin.o succeeded
I:\Linux\gcc\x86_64-linux-gnu\4.8.1\crtbegin.o
attempt to open Test.o succeeded
Test.o
attempt to open I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libstdc++.so.6.0.18 succeeded
I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libstdc++.so.6.0.18
attempt to open I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libm-2.17.so succeeded
I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libm-2.17.so
attempt to open I:\Linux\gcc\x86_64-linux-gnu\4.8.1\libgcc.a succeeded
attempt to open I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libc.so succeeded
opened script file I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libc.so
attempt to open /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 succeeded
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
attempt to open /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a succeeded
(I:/Linux/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a)elf-init.oS
attempt to open /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 succeeded
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
attempt to open I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libc_nonshared.a succeeded
attempt to open I:\Linux\gcc\x86_64-linux-gnu\4.8.1\crtend.o succeeded
I:\Linux\gcc\x86_64-linux-gnu\4.8.1\crtend.o
attempt to open I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\crtn.o succeeded
I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\crtn.o
ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 needed by I:/Linux/libs/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.17.so
found ld-2.17.so at I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\ld-2.17.so
Windows生成可执行文件的nm输出
k@system:/shared$nm ./Test
0000000000601040 B __bss_start
0000000000601040 b completed.6992
0000000000601030 D __data_start
0000000000601030 W data_start
0000000000400470 t deregister_tm_clones
00000000004004e0 t __do_global_dtors_aux
0000000000600e18 t __do_global_dtors_aux_fini_array_entry
0000000000601038 D __dso_handle
0000000000600e28 d _DYNAMIC
0000000000601040 D _edata
0000000000601048 B _end
00000000004005f4 T _fini
0000000000400500 t frame_dummy
0000000000600e10 t __frame_dummy_init_array_entry
0000000000400728 r __FRAME_END__
0000000000601000 d _GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_
w __gmon_start__
00000000004003d8 T _init
0000000000600e18 t __init_array_end
0000000000600e10 t __init_array_start
0000000000400600 R _IO_stdin_used
w _ITM_deregisterTMCloneTable
w _ITM_registerTMCloneTable
0000000000600e20 d __JCR_END__
0000000000600e20 d __JCR_LIST__
w _Jv_RegisterClasses
00000000004005f0 T __libc_csu_fini
0000000000400560 T __libc_csu_init
U __libc_start_main@@GLIBC_2.2.5
0000000000400530 T main
U printf@@GLIBC_2.2.5
00000000004004a0 t register_tm_clones
0000000000400440 T _start
0000000000601040 D __TMC_END__
k@system:/shared$./Test
bash: ./Test: No such file or directory
编辑-更多信息
所谓不运行,是指ubuntu给出以下信息：
bash: ./Test: No such file or directory
这是文件/ ldd的结果
k@system:/shared$file ./Test
./Test: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.24, BuildID[sha1]=0xee999db5a0e77d05f50d8fd78a27fc3ac52584b1, not stripped
k@system:/shared$ldd ./Test
linux-vdso.so.1 => (0x00007ffff2bfe000)
libc.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007f5e2b60c000)
/lib/ld64.so.1 => /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f5e2b9eb000)
编辑2-
从那以后,我一直试图接近在linux上复制确切的链接过程.
LFLAGS = --build-id --eh-frame-hdr -m elf_x86_64 --hash-style=gnu --as-needed -dynamic-linker I:\\Linux\\libs\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\ld-2.17.so -z relro --verbose
LIBDIRS = -LI:\\Linux\\gcc\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\4.8.1 -LI:\\Linux\\libs\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu -LI:\\Linux\\libs\\lib -LI:\\Linux\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu -LI:\\Linux\\lib
LIBS_BEGIN = I:\\Linux\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\crt1.o I:\\Linux\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\crti.o I:\\Linux\\gcc\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\4.8.1\\crtbegin.o
LIBS_END = I:\\Linux\\lib\\gcc\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\4.8.1\\libstdc++.so I:\\Linux\\libs\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\libgcc_s.so.1 I:\\Linux\\gcc\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\4.8.1\\libgcc.a I:\\Linux\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\libc_nonshared.a I:\\Linux\\libs\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 I:\\Linux\\libs\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\libc.so.6 I:\\Linux\\libs\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\libgcc_s.so.1 I:\\Linux\\gcc\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\4.8.1\\libgcc.a I:\\Linux\\gcc\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\4.8.1\\crtend.o I:\\Linux\\lib\\x86_64-linux-gnu\\crtn.o
all: $(MAIN)
./ld-new.exe $(LFLAGS) -o Test $(LIBS_BEGIN) $(LIBDIRS) $(OBJS) $(LIBS_END)
更新了Windows上的链接：
==================================================
attempt to open I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\crt1.o succeeded
I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\crt1.o
attempt to open I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\crti.o succeeded
I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\crti.o
attempt to open I:\Linux\gcc\x86_64-linux-gnu\4.8.1\crtbegin.o succeeded
I:\Linux\gcc\x86_64-linux-gnu\4.8.1\crtbegin.o
attempt to open Test.o succeeded
Test.o
attempt to open I:\Linux\lib\gcc\x86_64-linux-gnu\4.8.1\libstdc++.so succeeded
I:\Linux\lib\gcc\x86_64-linux-gnu\4.8.1\libstdc++.so
attempt to open I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libgcc_s.so.1 succeeded
I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libgcc_s.so.1
attempt to open I:\Linux\gcc\x86_64-linux-gnu\4.8.1\libgcc.a succeeded
attempt to open I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libc_nonshared.a succeeded
(I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libc_nonshared.a)elf-init.oS
attempt to open I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 succeede
d
I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
attempt to open I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libc.so.6 succeeded
I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libc.so.6
attempt to open I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libgcc_s.so.1 succeeded
I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libgcc_s.so.1
attempt to open I:\Linux\gcc\x86_64-linux-gnu\4.8.1\libgcc.a succeeded
attempt to open I:\Linux\gcc\x86_64-linux-gnu\4.8.1\crtend.o succeeded
I:\Linux\gcc\x86_64-linux-gnu\4.8.1\crtend.o
attempt to open I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\crtn.o succeeded
I:\Linux\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\crtn.o
ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 needed by I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\libc.so.6
found ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 at I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\ld-linux-x86-64
.so.2
更新后的nm在文件“ Test”上运行
0000000000601040 B __bss_start
0000000000601040 b completed.6992
0000000000601030 D __data_start
0000000000601030 W data_start
0000000000400490 t deregister_tm_clones
0000000000400500 t __do_global_dtors_aux
0000000000600e18 t __do_global_dtors_aux_fini_array_entry
0000000000601038 D __dso_handle
0000000000600e28 d _DYNAMIC
0000000000601040 D _edata
0000000000601048 B _end
0000000000400614 T _fini
0000000000400520 t frame_dummy
0000000000600e10 t __frame_dummy_init_array_entry
0000000000400748 r __FRAME_END__
0000000000601000 d _GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_
w __gmon_start__
00000000004003f8 T _init
0000000000600e18 t __init_array_end
0000000000600e10 t __init_array_start
0000000000400620 R _IO_stdin_used
w _ITM_deregisterTMCloneTable
w _ITM_registerTMCloneTable
0000000000600e20 d __JCR_END__
0000000000600e20 d __JCR_LIST__
w _Jv_RegisterClasses
0000000000400610 T __libc_csu_fini
0000000000400580 T __libc_csu_init
U __libc_start_main@@GLIBC_2.2.5
0000000000400550 T main
U printf@@GLIBC_2.2.5
00000000004004c0 t register_tm_clones
0000000000400460 T _start
0000000000601040 D __TMC_END__
llvm-readobj对文件的结果：
I:\LLVM_BUILD\VC12\64\Release\bin>llvm-readobj -file-headers Test
File: Test
Format: ELF64-x86-64
Arch: x86_64
AddressSize: 64bit
LoadName:
ElfHeader {
Ident {
Magic: (7F 45 4C 46)
Class: 64-bit (0x2)
DataEncoding: LittleEndian (0x1)
FileVersion: 1
OS/ABI: SystemV (0x0)
ABIVersion: 0
Unused: (00 00 00 00 00 00 00)
}
Type: Executable (0x2)
Machine: EM_X86_64 (0x3E)
Version: 1
Entry: 0x400460
ProgramHeaderOffset: 0x40
SectionHeaderOffset: 0x11C0
Flags [ (0x0)
]
HeaderSize: 64
ProgramHeaderEntrySize: 56
ProgramHeaderCount: 9
SectionHeaderEntrySize: 64
SectionHeaderCount: 30
StringTableSectionIndex: 27
以及实际链接的表面上可执行文件本身：
https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/1735585/Test
解决方法:
如果该文件存在并且可执行,则“没有这样的文件或目录”错误可能会让人感到困惑.如果未找到ELF解释器(执行共享库链接的程序),则在执行文件时也会出现该错误.
那就是这里发生的事情. readelf -l测试的相关行：
INTERP 0x0000000000000238 0x0000000000400238 0x0000000000400238
0x000000000000002e 0x000000000000002e R 1
[Requesting program interpreter: I:\Linux\libs\lib\x86_64-linux-gnu\ld-2.17.so]
显然,在Linux系统上找不到解释器.由于某种原因,ldd显示了一个文件映射到该条目的正确解释器.
我无法告诉您如何在Windows构建环境中解决该问题,但是使用正确的解释器,ldd将不会显示映射.例如：
$ldd /bin/true
linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007fff1bbff000)
libc.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007f94ff99f000)
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f94ffd73000)
标签：linker,cross-compiling,ld,linux,c-4 来源： https://codeday.me/bug/20191029/1961431.html