keepalived + nginx 主主模式
作者：互联网
第一章 keepalived
1.1 keepalived 服务说明
Keepalived软件起初是专为LVS负载均衡软件设计的，用来管理并监控LVS集群系统中各个服务节点的状态，后来又加入了可以实现高可用的VRRP功能。因此，Keepalived除了能够管理LVS软件外，还可以作为其他服务（例如：Nginx、Haproxy、MySQL等）的高可用解决方案软件。
Keepalived软件主要是通过VRRP协议实现高可用功能的。VRRP是Virtual Router RedundancyProtocol(虚拟路由器冗余协议）的缩写，VRRP出现的目的就是为了解决静态路由单点故障问题的，它能够保证当个别节点宕机时，整个网络可以不间断地运行。
1.2 keepalived 服务三个重要功能
管理LVS负载均衡软件
实现LVS集群节点的健康检查中
作为系统网络服务的高可用性（failover）
* 在本次测试环境中通过keepalived 的网络高可用功能实现负载均衡集群
1.3 Keepalived 的工作原理
Keepalived的工作原理：
Keepalived高可用对之间是通过VRRP通信的，因此，我们从 VRRP开始了解起：
1) VRRP,全称 Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol,中文名为虚拟路由冗余协议，VRRP的出现是为了解决静态路由的单点故障。
2) VRRP是通过一种竟选协议机制来将路由任务交给某台 VRRP路由器的。
3) VRRP用 IP多播的方式（默认多播地址（224.0_0.18))实现高可用对之间通信。
4) 工作时主节点发包，备节点接包，当备节点接收不到主节点发的数据包的时候，就启动接管程序接管主节点的开源。备节点可以有多个，通过优先级竞选，但一般 Keepalived系统运维工作中都是一对。
5) VRRP使用了加密协议加密数据，但Keepalived官方目前还是推荐用明文的方式配置认证类型和密码。
介绍完 VRRP,接下来我再介绍一下 Keepalived服务的工作原理：
Keepalived高可用对之间是通过 VRRP进行通信的， VRRP是遑过竞选机制来确定主备的，主的优先级高于备，因此，工作时主会优先获得所有的资源，备节点处于等待状态，当主挂了的时候，备节点就会接管主节点的资源，然后顶替主节点对外提供服务。
在 Keepalived服务对之间，只有作为主的服务器会一直发送 VRRP广播包,告诉备它还活着，此时备不会枪占主，当主不可用时，即备监听不到主发送的广播包时，就会启动相关服务接管资源，保证业务的连续性.接管速度最快可以小于1秒。
第二章 Nginx
2.1 nginx 服务说明
Nginx是一款自由的、开源的、高性能的HTTP服务器和反向代理服务器；同时也是一个IMAP、POP3、SMTP代理服务器；Nginx可以作为一个HTTP服务器进行网站的发布处理，另外nginx可以作为反向代理进行负载均衡的实现。 在本次测试中使用upstream 和proxy_pass 实现反向代理和负载均衡。
第三章 功能测试
3.1 测试环境
系统版本
# cat /etc/centos-release
CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 (Core)
内核版本
# uname -a
Linux localhost.localdomain 3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Fri Apr 20 16:44:24 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
Keepalived 版本
# keepalived -v
Keepalived v1.3.5 (03/19,2017), git commit v1.3.5-6-g6fa32f2
Nginx 版本
#./nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.14.1
部署环境
ESXI 5.5
3.2 部署架构
3.2 配置说明
#!/bin/bash if [ "$(ps -ef | grep "nginx: master process"| grep -v grep )" == "" ] then /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx #以上作用：如果进程没有nginx，则启动 sleep 5 #间隔时间 if [ "$(ps -ef | grep "nginx: master process"| grep -v grep )" == "" ] then killall keepalived #以上作用：如果进程没有nginx，则停止keepalived fi fi
三台设备接口地址和虚拟服务对应地址如下：
server_1 :
接口地址: 10.2.61.21
虚拟服务地址: 10.2.61.24
server_2:
接口地址：10.2.61.22
虚拟服务地址：10.2.61.25
server_3:
接口地址：10.2.61.23
虚拟服务地址: 10.2.61.26
3.2.1 server_1 配置
Keepalived 配置文件:
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
acassen@firewall.loc
failover@firewall.loc
sysadmin@firewall.loc
}
notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
smtp_server 192.168.200.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_DEVEL
vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr
#vrrp_strict
vrrp_garp_interval 0
vrrp_gna_interval 0
router_id lb01
}
vrrp_script nginx_check { # nginx 服务监测脚本
script "/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx_check.sh"
interval 4 #脚本执行间隔时间
weight -25 #脚本触发消减的权重值
# timeout 3
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 { #集群1
state MASTER #当前设备为主机
interface ens192
virtual_router_id 21 #路由标识符
priority 100 #优先级100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1322 #明文认证密码
}
virtual_ipaddress { #集群绑定的虚拟服务地址
10.2.61.24
}
track_script { #绑定的执行脚本
nginx_check
}
}
vrrp_instance VI_2 { #集群2
state BACKUP #当前主机为备机
interface ens192
virtual_router_id 22 #同步组2 标识符
priority 80 #当前主机在集群中的优先级
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1322 #明文认证密码
}
virtual_ipaddress { #集群绑定虚拟服务地址
10.2.61.25
}
}
vrrp_instance VI_3 { #集群3
state BACKUP #当前主机在集群中为备机
interface ens192
virtual_router_id 23 #集群标识符
priority 60 #当前主机在集群中优先级
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1322 #明文认证密码
}
virtual_ipaddress { #集群绑定虚拟服务地址
10.2.61.26
}
}
Nginx 服务配置文件:
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
upstream lb_hb { #定义负载均衡池
server 202.110.184.34:80 ;
server 111.161.3.158:80 backup;
server 202.120.127.248:80 backup;
}
upstream lb_nx { #定义负载均衡池
server 10.2.61.28:80;
}
upstream lb_jx { #定义负载均衡池
server 10.2.61.28:8088;
}
server { #定义虚拟服务，通过proxy_pass 模块绑定负载均衡池
listen 8088;
server_name www.hb.sgcc.com.cn;
location / {
proxy_pass http://lb_hb;
proxy_set_header Host $proxy_host;
}
}
server { #定义虚拟服务，通过proxy_pass 模块绑定负载均衡池
listen 8088;
server_name www.nx.sgcc.com.cn;
location / {
proxy_pass http://lb_nx;
proxy_set_header Host $proxy_host;
}
}
server { #定义虚拟服务，通过proxy_pass 模块绑定负载均衡池
listen 8088;
server_name www.jx.sgcc.com.cn;
location / {
proxy_pass http://lb_jx;
proxy_set_header Host $proxy_host;
}
}
}
3.2.2 server_2 配置
Keepalived 服务配置文件:
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
acassen@firewall.loc
failover@firewall.loc
sysadmin@firewall.loc
}
notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
smtp_server 192.168.200.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_DEVEL
vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr
# vrrp_strict
vrrp_garp_interval 0
vrrp_gna_interval 0
router_id lb02
}
vrrp_script nginx_check {
script "/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx_check.sh"
interval 4
weight -25
#timeout 3
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface ens192
virtual_router_id 21
priority 60
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1322
}
virtual_ipaddress {
10.2.61.24
}
}
vrrp_instance VI_2 {
state MASTER
interface ens192
virtual_router_id 22
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1322
}
virtual_ipaddress {
10.2.61.25
}
track_script {
nginx_check
}
}
vrrp_instance VI_3 {
state BACKUP
interface ens192
virtual_router_id 23
priority 80
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1322
}
virtual_ipaddress {
10.2.61.26
}
}
Nginx 服务配置文件：
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
upstream lb_hb {
server 202.110.184.34:80 ;
server 111.161.3.158:80 backup;
server 202.120.127.248:80 backup;
}
upstream lb_nx {
server 10.2.61.28:80;
}
upstream lb_jx {
server 10.2.61.28:8088;
}
server {
listen 8088;
server_name www.hb.sgcc.com.cn;
location / {
proxy_pass http://lb_hb;
proxy_set_header Host $proxy_host;
}
}
server {
listen 8088;
server_name www.nx.sgcc.com.cn;
location / {
proxy_pass http://lb_nx;
proxy_set_header Host $proxy_host;
}
}
server {
listen 8088;
server_name www.jx12.sgcc.com.cn;
location / {
proxy_pass http://lb_jx;
proxy_set_header Host $proxy_host;
}
}
}
3.2.3 server_3 配置
Keepalived 配置文件:
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
acassen@firewall.loc
failover@firewall.loc
sysadmin@firewall.loc
}
notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
smtp_server 192.168.200.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_DEVEL
vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr
# vrrp_strict
vrrp_garp_interval 0
vrrp_gna_interval 0
router_id lb02
}
vrrp_script nginx_check {
script "/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx_check.sh"
interval 4
weight -25
#timeout 3
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface ens192
virtual_router_id 21
priority 60
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1322
}
virtual_ipaddress {
10.2.61.24
}
}
vrrp_instance VI_2 {
state MASTER
interface ens192
virtual_router_id 22
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1322
}
virtual_ipaddress {
10.2.61.25
}
track_script {
nginx_check
}
}
vrrp_instance VI_3 {
state BACKUP
interface ens192
virtual_router_id 23
priority 80
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1322
}
virtual_ipaddress {
10.2.61.26
}
}
Nginx 配置文件：
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
upstream lb_hb {
server 202.110.184.34:80 ;
server 111.161.3.158:80 backup;
server 202.120.127.248:80 backup;
}
upstream lb_nx {
server 10.2.61.28:80;
}
upstream lb_jx {
server 10.2.61.28:8088;
}
server {
listen 8088;
server_name www.hb.sgcc.com.cn;
location / {
proxy_pass http://lb_hb;
proxy_set_header Host $proxy_host;
}
}
server {
listen 8088;
server_name www.nx.sgcc.com.cn;
location / {
proxy_pass http://lb_nx;
proxy_set_header Host $proxy_host;
}
}
server {
listen 8088;
server_name www.jx12.sgcc.com.cn;
location / {
proxy_pass http://lb_jx;
proxy_set_header Host $proxy_host;
}
}
}
3.2 服务测试
1.首先启动三台设备nginx 服务
2.依次启动三台设备keepalived 服务
查看设备日志查看keepalived 服务交互日志
Server_1 log：
Dec 11 10:35:08 localhost systemd: Starting LVS and VRRP High Availability Monitor...
Dec 11 10:35:08 localhost Keepalived[19874]: Starting Keepalived v1.3.5 (03/19,2017), git commit v1.3.5-6-g6fa32f2
Dec 11 10:35:08 localhost Keepalived[19874]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'.
Dec 11 10:35:08 localhost systemd: PID file /var/run/keepalived.pid not readable (yet?) after start.
Dec 11 10:35:08 localhost Keepalived[19875]: Starting Healthcheck child process, pid=19876
Dec 11 10:35:08 localhost Keepalived[19875]: Starting VRRP child process, pid=19877
Dec 11 10:35:08 localhost systemd: Started LVS and VRRP High Availability Monitor.
Dec 11 10:35:08 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[19876]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'.
Dec 11 10:35:08 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[19877]: Registering Kernel netlink reflector
Dec 11 10:35:08 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[19877]: Registering Kernel netlink command channel
Dec 11 10:35:08 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[19877]: Registering gratuitous ARP shared channel
Dec 11 10:35:08 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[19877]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'.
Dec 11 10:35:08 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[19877]: WARNING - default user 'keepalived_script' for script execution does not exist - please create.
Dec 11 10:35:08 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[19877]: SECURITY VIOLATION - scripts are being executed but script_security not enabled.
Dec 11 10:35:08 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[19877]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) removing protocol VIPs.
Dec 11 10:35:08 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[19877]: VRRP_Instance(VI_2) removing protocol VIPs.
Dec 11 10:35:08 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[19877]: VRRP_Instance(VI_3) removing protocol VIPs.
Dec 11 10:35:08 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[19877]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...
Dec 11 10:35:08 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[19877]: VRRP_Instance(VI_2) Entering BACKUP STATE
Dec 11 10:35:08 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[19877]: VRRP_Instance(VI_3) Entering BACKUP STATE
Dec 11 10:35:08 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[19877]: VRRP sockpool: [ifindex(2), proto(112), unicast(0), fd(10,11)]
Dec 11 10:35:08 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[19877]: VRRP_Script(nginx_check) succeeded
Dec 11 10:35:09 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[19877]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE
Dec 11 10:35:10 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[19877]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE
Dec 11 10:35:10 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[19877]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol VIPs.
Dec 11 10:35:10 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[19877]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 10.2.61.24
Dec 11 10:35:10 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[19877]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending/queueing gratuitous ARPs on ens192 for 10.2.61.24
Dec 11 10:35:10 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[19877]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 10.2.61.24
Dec 11 10:35:10 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[19877]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 10.2.61.24
Dec 11 10:35:10 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[19877]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 10.2.61.24
Dec 11 10:35:10 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[19877]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 10.2.61.24
Dec 11 10:35:12 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[19877]: VRRP_Instance(VI_2) Transition to MASTER STATE
Dec 11 10:35:12 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[19877]: VRRP_Instance(VI_3) Transition to MASTER STATE
Dec 11 10:35:13 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[19877]: VRRP_Instance(VI_2) Entering MASTER STATE
Dec 11 10:35:13 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[19877]: VRRP_Instance(VI_2) setting protocol VIPs.
Dec 11 10:35:13 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[19877]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 10.2.61.25
Dec 11 10:35:13 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[19877]: VRRP_Instance(VI_2) Sending/queueing gratuitous ARPs on ens192 for 10.2.61.25
Dec 11 10:35:13 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[19877]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 10.2.61.25
Dec 11 10:35:13 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[19877]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 10.2.61.25
Dec 11 10:35:13 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[19877]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 10.2.61.25
Dec 11 10:35:13 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[19877]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 10.2.61.25
Dec 11 10:35:13 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[19877]: VRRP_Instance(VI_3) Entering MASTER STATE
Dec 11 10:35:13 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[19877]: VRRP_Instance(VI_3) setting protocol VIPs.
Dec 11 10:35:13 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[19877]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 10.2.61.26
Dec 11 10:35:13 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[19877]: VRRP_Instance(VI_3) Sending/queueing gratuitous ARPs on ens192 for 10.2.61.26
Dec 11 10:35:13 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[19877]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 10.2.61.26
Dec 11 10:35:13 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[19877]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 10.2.61.26
Dec 11 10:35:13 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[19877]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 10.2.61.26
Dec 11 10:35:13 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[19877]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 10.2.61.26
Dec 11 10:35:15 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[19877]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 10.2.61.24
Dec 11 10:35:15 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[19877]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending/queueing gratuitous ARPs on ens192 for 10.2.61.24
Dec 11 10:35:15 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[19877]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 10.2.61.24
Dec 11 10:35:15 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[19877]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 10.2.61.24
Dec 11 10:35:15 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[19877]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 10.2.61.24
Dec 11 10:35:15 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[19877]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 10.2.61.24
Dec 11 10:35:16 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[19877]: VRRP_Instance(VI_2) Received advert with higher priority 100, ours 80
Dec 11 10:35:16 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[19877]: VRRP_Instance(VI_2) Entering BACKUP STATE
Dec 11 10:35:16 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[19877]: VRRP_Instance(VI_2) removing protocol VIPs.
Dec 11 10:35:16 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[19877]: VRRP_Instance(VI_3) Received advert with higher priority 80, ours 60
Dec 11 10:35:16 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[19877]: VRRP_Instance(VI_3) Entering BACKUP STATE
Dec 11 10:35:16 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[19877]: VRRP_Instance(VI_3) removing protocol VIPs.
Server_2 log:
Dec 11 10:35:16 localhost systemd: Starting LVS and VRRP High Availability Monitor...
Dec 11 10:35:16 localhost Keepalived[20375]: Starting Keepalived v1.3.5 (03/19,2017), git commit v1.3.5-6-g6fa32f2
Dec 11 10:35:16 localhost Keepalived[20375]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'.
Dec 11 10:35:16 localhost systemd: PID file /var/run/keepalived.pid not readable (yet?) after start.
Dec 11 10:35:16 localhost Keepalived[20376]: Starting Healthcheck child process, pid=20377
Dec 11 10:35:16 localhost Keepalived[20376]: Starting VRRP child process, pid=20378
Dec 11 10:35:16 localhost systemd: Started LVS and VRRP High Availability Monitor.
Dec 11 10:35:16 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[20377]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'.
Dec 11 10:35:16 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20378]: Registering Kernel netlink reflector
Dec 11 10:35:16 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20378]: Registering Kernel netlink command channel
Dec 11 10:35:16 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20378]: Registering gratuitous ARP shared channel
Dec 11 10:35:16 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20378]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'.
Dec 11 10:35:16 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20378]: WARNING - default user 'keepalived_script' for script execution does not exist - please create.
Dec 11 10:35:16 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20378]: SECURITY VIOLATION - scripts are being executed but script_security not enabled.
Dec 11 10:35:16 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20378]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) removing protocol VIPs.
Dec 11 10:35:16 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20378]: VRRP_Instance(VI_2) removing protocol VIPs.
Dec 11 10:35:16 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20378]: VRRP_Instance(VI_3) removing protocol VIPs.
Dec 11 10:35:16 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20378]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...
Dec 11 10:35:16 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20378]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE
Dec 11 10:35:16 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20378]: VRRP_Instance(VI_3) Entering BACKUP STATE
Dec 11 10:35:16 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20378]: VRRP sockpool: [ifindex(2), proto(112), unicast(0), fd(10,11)]
Dec 11 10:35:16 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20378]: VRRP_Script(nginx_check) succeeded
Dec 11 10:35:16 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20378]: VRRP_Instance(VI_2) Transition to MASTER STATE
Dec 11 10:35:16 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20378]: VRRP_Instance(VI_3) forcing a new MASTER election
Dec 11 10:35:17 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20378]: VRRP_Instance(VI_2) Entering MASTER STATE
Dec 11 10:35:17 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20378]: VRRP_Instance(VI_2) setting protocol VIPs.
Dec 11 10:35:17 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20378]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 10.2.61.25
Dec 11 10:35:17 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20378]: VRRP_Instance(VI_2) Sending/queueing gratuitous ARPs on ens192 for 10.2.61.25
Dec 11 10:35:17 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20378]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 10.2.61.25
Dec 11 10:35:17 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20378]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 10.2.61.25
Dec 11 10:35:17 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20378]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 10.2.61.25
Dec 11 10:35:17 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20378]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 10.2.61.25
Dec 11 10:35:17 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20378]: VRRP_Instance(VI_3) Transition to MASTER STATE
Dec 11 10:35:18 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20378]: VRRP_Instance(VI_3) Entering MASTER STATE
Dec 11 10:35:18 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20378]: VRRP_Instance(VI_3) setting protocol VIPs.
Dec 11 10:35:18 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20378]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 10.2.61.26
Dec 11 10:35:18 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20378]: VRRP_Instance(VI_3) Sending/queueing gratuitous ARPs on ens192 for 10.2.61.26
Dec 11 10:35:18 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20378]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 10.2.61.26
Dec 11 10:35:18 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20378]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 10.2.61.26
Dec 11 10:35:18 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20378]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 10.2.61.26
Dec 11 10:35:18 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20378]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 10.2.61.26
Dec 11 10:35:22 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20378]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 10.2.61.25
Dec 11 10:35:22 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20378]: VRRP_Instance(VI_2) Sending/queueing gratuitous ARPs on ens192 for 10.2.61.25
Dec 11 10:35:22 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20378]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 10.2.61.25
Dec 11 10:35:22 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20378]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 10.2.61.25
Dec 11 10:35:22 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20378]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 10.2.61.25
Dec 11 10:35:22 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20378]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 10.2.61.25
Dec 11 10:35:23 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20378]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 10.2.61.26
Dec 11 10:35:23 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20378]: VRRP_Instance(VI_3) Sending/queueing gratuitous ARPs on ens192 for 10.2.61.26
Dec 11 10:35:23 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20378]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 10.2.61.26
Dec 11 10:35:23 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20378]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 10.2.61.26
Dec 11 10:35:23 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20378]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 10.2.61.26
Dec 11 10:35:23 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20378]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 10.2.61.26
Dec 11 10:35:27 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20378]: VRRP_Instance(VI_3) Received advert with higher priority 100, ours 80
Dec 11 10:35:27 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20378]: VRRP_Instance(VI_3) Entering BACKUP STATE
Dec 11 10:35:27 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20378]: VRRP_Instance(VI_3) removing protocol VIPs.
Server_3 log :
Dec 11 10:35:26 localhost systemd: Starting LVS and VRRP High Availability Monitor...
Dec 11 10:35:26 localhost Keepalived[11304]: Starting Keepalived v1.3.5 (03/19,2017), git commit v1.3.5-6-g6fa32f2
Dec 11 10:35:26 localhost Keepalived[11304]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'.
Dec 11 10:35:26 localhost systemd: PID file /var/run/keepalived.pid not readable (yet?) after start.
Dec 11 10:35:26 localhost Keepalived[11305]: Starting Healthcheck child process, pid=11306
Dec 11 10:35:26 localhost Keepalived[11305]: Starting VRRP child process, pid=11307
Dec 11 10:35:26 localhost systemd: Started LVS and VRRP High Availability Monitor.
Dec 11 10:35:26 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[11306]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'.
Dec 11 10:35:26 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[11307]: Registering Kernel netlink reflector
Dec 11 10:35:26 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[11307]: Registering Kernel netlink command channel
Dec 11 10:35:26 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[11307]: Registering gratuitous ARP shared channel
Dec 11 10:35:26 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[11307]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'.
Dec 11 10:35:26 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[11307]: WARNING - default user 'keepalived_script' for script execution does not exist - please create.
Dec 11 10:35:26 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[11307]: SECURITY VIOLATION - scripts are being executed but script_security not enabled.
Dec 11 10:35:26 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[11307]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) removing protocol VIPs.
Dec 11 10:35:26 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[11307]: VRRP_Instance(VI_2) removing protocol VIPs.
Dec 11 10:35:26 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[11307]: VRRP_Instance(VI_3) removing protocol VIPs.
Dec 11 10:35:26 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[11307]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...
Dec 11 10:35:26 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[11307]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE
Dec 11 10:35:26 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[11307]: VRRP_Instance(VI_2) Entering BACKUP STATE
Dec 11 10:35:26 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[11307]: VRRP sockpool: [ifindex(2), proto(112), unicast(0), fd(10,11)]
Dec 11 10:35:26 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[11307]: VRRP_Script(nginx_check) succeeded
Dec 11 10:35:27 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[11307]: VRRP_Instance(VI_3) Transition to MASTER STATE
Dec 11 10:35:28 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[11307]: VRRP_Instance(VI_3) Entering MASTER STATE
Dec 11 10:35:28 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[11307]: VRRP_Instance(VI_3) setting protocol VIPs.
Dec 11 10:35:28 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[11307]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 10.2.61.26
Dec 11 10:35:28 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[11307]: VRRP_Instance(VI_3) Sending/queueing gratuitous ARPs on ens192 for 10.2.61.26
Dec 11 10:35:28 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[11307]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 10.2.61.26
Dec 11 10:35:28 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[11307]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 10.2.61.26
Dec 11 10:35:28 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[11307]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 10.2.61.26
Dec 11 10:35:28 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[11307]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 10.2.61.26
Dec 11 10:35:33 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[11307]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 10.2.61.26
Dec 11 10:35:33 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[11307]: VRRP_Instance(VI_3) Sending/queueing gratuitous ARPs on ens192 for 10.2.61.26
Dec 11 10:35:33 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[11307]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 10.2.61.26
Dec 11 10:35:33 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[11307]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 10.2.61.26
Dec 11 10:35:33 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[11307]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 10.2.61.26
Dec 11 10:35:33 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[11307]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 10.2.61.26
三台服务器分别依次承载服务。访问测试业务都正常。
模拟单台设备故障测试：
Server_1 故障
Server_1 log :
Dec 11 10:45:15 localhost systemd-logind: Removed session 4.
Dec 11 10:45:16 localhost Keepalived[19875]: Stopping
Dec 11 10:45:16 localhost systemd: Stopping LVS and VRRP High Availability Monitor...
Dec 11 10:45:16 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[19877]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) sent 0 priority
Dec 11 10:45:16 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[19877]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) removing protocol VIPs.
Dec 11 10:45:16 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[19876]: Stopped
Dec 11 10:45:17 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[19877]: Stopped
Dec 11 10:45:17 localhost Keepalived[19875]: Stopped Keepalived v1.3.5 (03/19,2017), git commit v1.3.5-6-g6fa32f2
Dec 11 10:45:17 localhost systemd: Stopped LVS and VRRP High Availability Monitor.
Server_3 log : server_3 集群1 优先级 80 在server_1 故障时承载业务
Dec 11 10:45:17 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[11307]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE
Dec 11 10:45:18 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[11307]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE
Dec 11 10:45:18 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[11307]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol VIPs.
Dec 11 10:45:18 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[11307]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 10.2.61.24
Dec 11 10:45:18 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[11307]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending/queueing gratuitous ARPs on ens192 for 10.2.61.24
Dec 11 10:45:18 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[11307]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 10.2.61.24
Dec 11 10:45:18 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[11307]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 10.2.61.24
Dec 11 10:45:18 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[11307]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 10.2.61.24
Dec 11 10:45:18 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[11307]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 10.2.61.24
Dec 11 10:45:23 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[11307]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 10.2.61.24
Dec 11 10:45:23 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[11307]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending/queueing gratuitous ARPs on ens192 for 10.2.61.24
Dec 11 10:45:23 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[11307]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 10.2.61.24
Dec 11 10:45:23 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[11307]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 10.2.61.24
Dec 11 10:45:23 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[11307]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 10.2.61.24
Dec 11 10:45:23 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[11307]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 10.2.61.24
数据包分析：
Server_3作为集群3 主负载节点发送组播数据包
Server_3作为集群1 备份负载节点发送组播数据包
第四章 总结
本次测试软件负载均衡采用 主+主+主 构建负载均衡集群，能够承载业务，并且在nginx故障时通过配置监测脚本及时监测故障停止keepalived 服务进行业务迁移。
标签：11,10,keepalived,Keepalived,nginx,vrrp,Dec,主模式,localhost 来源： https://www.cnblogs.com/zy09/p/15561273.html