MySQL之九---分布式架构（Mycat/DBLE）
作者：互联网
MyCAT基础架构图
双主双从结构
MyCAT基础架构准备
准备环境
环境准备：
两台虚拟机 db01 db02
每台创建四个mysql实例：3307 3308 3309 3310
删除历史环境
pkill mysqld rm -rf /data/330* \mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bak
初始化数据
mkdir /data/33{07..10}/data -p
mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3307/data --basedir=/usr/local/mysql
mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3308/data --basedir=/usr/local/mysql
mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3309/data --basedir=/usr/local/mysql
mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3310/data --basedir=/usr/local/mysql
配置文件
========db01==============
cat >/data/3307/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/3307/data
socket=/data/3307/mysql.sock
port=3307
log-error=/data/3307/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3307/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=7
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
cat >/data/3308/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/3308/data
port=3308
socket=/data/3308/mysql.sock
log-error=/data/3308/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3308/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=8
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
cat >/data/3309/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/3309/data
socket=/data/3309/mysql.sock
port=3309
log-error=/data/3309/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3309/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=9
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
cat >/data/3310/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/3310/data
socket=/data/3310/mysql.sock
port=3310
log-error=/data/3310/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3310/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=10
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3307.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3307/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3308.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3308/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3309.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3309/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3310.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3310/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
========db02===============
cat >/data/3307/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/3307/data
socket=/data/3307/mysql.sock
port=3307
log-error=/data/3307/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3307/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=17
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
cat >/data/3308/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/3308/data
port=3308
socket=/data/3308/mysql.sock
log-error=/data/3308/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3308/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=18
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
cat >/data/3309/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/3309/data
socket=/data/3309/mysql.sock
port=3309
log-error=/data/3309/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3309/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=19
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
cat >/data/3310/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/3310/data
socket=/data/3310/mysql.sock
port=3310
log-error=/data/3310/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3310/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=20
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3307.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3307/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3308.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3308/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3309.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3309/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3310.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3310/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
启动多实例
chown -R mysql.mysql /data/* systemctl start mysqld3307 systemctl start mysqld3308 systemctl start mysqld3309 systemctl start mysqld3310 mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'" mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'" mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'" mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
配置主从环境
shard1 10.0.0.51:3307 <-----> 10.0.0.52:3307 # db02 mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "create user repl@'10.0.0.%' identified with mysql_native_password by '123'; grant replication slave on *.* to repl@'10.0.0.%'; " mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "create user root@'10.0.0.%' identified with mysql_native_password by '123'; grant all on *.* to root@'10.0.0.%'; " # db01 mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.52', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';" mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "start slave;" mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave status \G"|grep Running # db02 mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';" mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "start slave;" mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G" |grep Running 10.0.0.51:3309 ------> 10.0.0.51:3307 db01 mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';" mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "start slave;" mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Running 10.0.0.52:3309 ------> 10.0.0.52:3307 # db02 mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.52', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';" mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "start slave;" mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Running ==================================================================== # shard2 ## 10.0.0.52:3308 <-----> 10.0.0.51:3308 # db01 mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "create user repl@'10.0.0.%' identified with mysql_native_password by '123'; grant replication slave on *.* to repl@'10.0.0.%';" mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "create user root@'10.0.0.%' identified with mysql_native_password by '123'; grant all on *.* to root@'10.0.0.%'; " # db02 mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';" mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "start slave;" mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G" |grep Running # db01 mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.52', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';" mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "start slave;" mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Running ## 10.0.0.52:3310 -----> 10.0.0.52:3308 # db02 mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.52', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';" mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "start slave;" mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G" |grep Running ##10.0.0.51:3310 -----> 10.0.0.51:3308 # db01 mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';" mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "start slave;" mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Running
检测主从状态
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Yes mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Yes mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Yes mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Yes
注：如果中间出现错误，在每个节点进行执行以下命令，从配置主从环境开始执行 mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "stop slave; reset slave all;" mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "stop slave; reset slave all;" mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "stop slave; reset slave all;" mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "stop slave; reset slave all;"
节点主从规划
箭头指向谁是主库
10.0.0.51:3307 <-----> 10.0.0.52:3307
10.0.0.51:3309 ------> 10.0.0.51:3307
10.0.0.52:3309 ------> 10.0.0.52:3307
10.0.0.52:3308 <-----> 10.0.0.51:3308
10.0.0.52:3310 -----> 10.0.0.52:3308
10.0.0.51:3310 -----> 10.0.0.51:3308
MySQL分布式架构介绍
1. schema拆分及业务分库
2. 垂直拆分-分库分表
3. 水平拆分-分片
企业代表产品
360 Atlas-Sharding
Alibaba cobar
Mycat
TDDL
Heisenberg
Oceanus
Vitess
OneProxy
DRDS
MyCAT安装
开源组织和社区开发人员，在淘宝cobar(TDDL)基础上二次开发，Mycat后来被爱可生改写成了DBLE
安装Java运行环境
yum install -y java
下载
http://dl.mycat.org.cn/1.6.7.4/
解压文件
[root@db02 opt]#rz [root@db02 opt]# tar xf Mycat-server-1.6.7.4-release-20200105164103-linux_.tar.gz
软件目录结构
ls bin catlet conf lib logs version.txt
启动和连接
配置环境变量
[root@db02 opt]#vim /etc/profile export PATH=/opt/mycat/bin:$PATH [root@db02 opt]#source /etc/profile
启动
[root@db02 opt]#mycat start
连接mycat：
[root@db02 opt]#mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.52 -P8066 --default-auth=mysql_native_password
8.0之前[root@db02 opt]#mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.52 -P8066
配置文件介绍
bin 目录
程序目录
conf
配置文件目录
schema.xml
主配置文件：节点信息、读写分离、高可用设置、调用分片策略..
rule.xml
分片策略的定义、功能、使用用方法
server.xml
mycat服务有关配置： 用户、网络、权限、策略、资源...
xx.txt文件
分片参数定义文件
log4j2.xml
Mycat 相关日志记录配置
logs
wrapper.log: 启动日志
mycat.log : 工作日志
应用环境准备
用户创建及数据库导入
schema.xml配置文件结构
[root@db02 conf]# cd /opt/mycat/conf/
[root@db02 conf]#mv schema.xml schema.xml.bak
[root@db02 conf]#vim schema.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="dn1">
</schema>
<dataNode name="dn1" dataHost="localhost1" database= "world" />
<dataHost name="localhost1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
</mycat:schema>
########################测试环境准备
[root@db02 conf]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "source /root/world.sql" [root@db02 conf]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "source /root/world.sql" [root@db02 conf]# mycat restart 重启mycat
######################## 读写分离测试
# 测试读
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 10.0.0.52 -P8066 --default-auth=mysql_native_password -e "select @@server_id;" mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. +-------------+ | @@server_id | +-------------+ | 9 | +-------------+ # 测试写 mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 10.0.0.52 -P8066 --default-auth=mysql_native_password -e "begin ; select @@server_id;commit;" mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. +-------------+ | @@server_id | +-------------+ | 7 | +-------------+
############################总结：
以上案例实现了1主1从的读写分离功能，写操作落到主库，读操作落到从库.如果主库宕机，从库不能在继续提供服务了。
配置文件详细介绍
逻辑库：schema
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="dn1"> </schema>
数据节点:datanode
<dataNode name="dn1" dataHost="localhost1" database= "world" />
数据主机：datahost(w和r)
<dataHost name="localhost1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql"
dbDriver="native" switchType="1"> <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat> <writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123"> <readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.52:3309" user="root" password="123" /> </writeHost> </dataHost>
配置读写分离及高可用
[root@db02 conf]# mv schema.x
[root@db02 conf]# mv schema.xml schema.xml.rw
[root@db02 conf]# vim schema.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1">
</schema>
<dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="oldguo1" database= "world" />
<dataHost name="oldguo1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
<writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.0.52:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db4" url="10.0.0.52:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
</mycat:schema>
ml schema.xml.rw
[root@db02 conf]# vim schema.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1">
</schema>
<dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="oldguo1" database= "world" />
<dataHost name="oldguo1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
<writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.0.52:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db4" url="10.0.0.52:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
</mycat:schema>
真正的
` writehost：负责写操作的writehost standby writeHost：和readhost一样，只提供读服务 当写节点宕机后，后面跟的readhost也不提供服务，这时候standby的writehost就提供写服务， 后面跟的readhost提供读服务 测试： mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 127.0.0.1 -P 8066 show variables like 'server_id'; 读写分离测试 mysql -uroot -p -h 127.0.0.1 -P8066 show variables like 'server_id'; show variables like 'server_id'; show variables like 'server_id'; begin; show variables like 'server_id'; 对db01 3307节点进行关闭和启动,测试读写操作
重启
[root@db02 conf]#mycat restart
测试读(三读）
[root@db02 conf]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 10.0.0.52 -P8066 --default-auth=mysql_native_password -e "select @@server_id;" +-------------+ | @@server_id | +-------------+ | 19 | +-------------+ +-------------+ | @@server_id | +-------------+ | 17 | +-------------+ +-------------+ | @@server_id | +-------------+ | 9 | +-------------+
测试写（一写）
[root@db02 conf]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 10.0.0.52 -P8066 --default-auth=mysql_native_password -e "begin ; select @@server_id;commit;" +-------------+ | @@server_id | +-------------+ | 7 | +-------------+
测试高可用
[root@db01 ~]# systemctl stop mysqld3307 [root@db02 conf]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.52 -P8066 --default-auth=mysql_native_password -e "select @@server_id;" +-------------+ | @@server_id | +-------------+ | 19 | +-------------+ [root@db02 conf]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.52 -P8066 --default-auth=mysql_native_password -e "begin ; select @@server_id;commit;" +-------------+ | @@server_id | +-------------+ | 17 | +-------------+ [root@db01 ~]# systemctl start mysqld3307 [root@db02 conf]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.52 -P8066 --default-auth=mysql_native_password -e "select @@server_id;" +-------------+ | @@server_id | +-------------+ | 19 | +-------------+ +-------------+ | @@server_id | +-------------+ | 7 | +-------------+ +-------------+ | @@server_id | +-------------+ | 9 | +-------------+ [root@db02 conf]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.52 -P8066 --default-auth=mysql_native_password -e "begin ; select @@server_id;commit;" +-------------+ | @@server_id | +-------------+ | 17 | +-------------+
配置中的属性介绍:
balance属性
负载均衡类型，目前的取值有3种：
1. balance="0", 不开启读写分离机制，所有读操作都发送到当前可用的writeHost上。
2. balance="1"，默认参数 三读一写 全部的readHost与standby writeHost参与select语句的负载均衡，简单的说，
当双主双从模式(M1->S1，M2->S2，并且M1与 M2互为主备)，正常情况下，M2,S1,S2都参与select语句的负载均衡。
3. balance="2"，所有读操作都随机的在writeHost、readhost上分发。
writeType属性
负载均衡类型，目前的取值有2种：
1.writeType="0", 所有写操作发送到配置的第一个writeHost，
第一个挂了切到还生存的第二个writeHost，重新启动后已切换后的为主，切换记录在配置文件中:dnindex.properties .
2.writeType=“1”，所有写操作都随机的发送到配置的writeHost，但不推荐使用
switchType属性
-1 表示不自动切换
1 默认值，自动切换
2 基于MySQL主从同步的状态决定是否切换 ，心跳语句为 show slave status
datahost其他配置
<dataHost name="localhost1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1"> maxCon="1000"：最大的并发连接数 minCon="10" ：mycat在启动之后，会在后端节点上自动开启的连接线程 tempReadHostAvailable="1" 这个一主一从时（1个writehost，1个readhost时），可以开启这个参数，如果2个writehost，2个readhost时 <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat> 监测心跳
Mycat 分布式架构----垂直分表
taobao库: user （sh1），order_t(sh2) ,others(sh3)
[root@db02 conf]# mv schema.xml schema.xml.ha
[root@db02 conf]# vim schema.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1">
<table name="user" dataNode="sh1"/>
<table name="order_t" dataNode="sh2"/>
</schema>
<dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="oldguo1" database= "taobao" />
<dataNode name="sh2" dataHost="oldguo2" database= "taobao" />
<dataHost name="oldguo1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
<writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.0.52:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db4" url="10.0.0.52:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
<dataHost name="oldguo2" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3308" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3310" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
<writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.0.52:3308" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db4" url="10.0.0.52:3310" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
</mycat:schema>
创建测试库和表
[root@db02 conf]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "create database taobao charset utf8;" [root@db02 conf]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "create database taobao charset utf8;" [root@db02 conf]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table user(id int,name varchar(20))"; [root@db02 conf]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table order_t(id int,name varchar(20))";
重启mycat
[root@db02 conf]# mycat restart
mycat数据插入
[root@db02 conf]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 10.0.0.52 -P 8066 --default-auth=mysql_native_password insert into user values(1,'a'); insert into user values(2,'b'); insert into user values(3,'c'); commit; insert into order_t values(1,'x'),(2,'y'); commit; show databases; use TESTDB; show tables select * from order_t; +------+------+ | id | name | +------+------+ | 1 | x | | 2 | y | +------+------+ 2 rows in set (0.05 sec) mysql> select * from user; +------+------+ | id | name | +------+------+ | 1 | a | | 2 | b | | 3 | c | +------+------+ [root@db02 conf]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show tables from taobao" +------------------+ | Tables_in_taobao | +------------------+ | user | +------------------+ [root@db02 conf]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show tables from taobao" +------------------+ | Tables_in_taobao | +------------------+ | order_t | +------------------+ [root@db02 conf]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.user" +------+------+ | id | name | +------+------+ | 1 | a | | 2 | b | | 3 | c | +------+------+ [root@db02 conf]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.order_t" +------+------+ | id | name | +------+------+ | 1 | x | | 2 | y | +------+------
MyCAT核心特性——分片（水平拆分）
分片：对一个"bigtable"，比如说t3表
(1)行数非常多，800w
(2)访问非常频繁
分片的目的：
（1）将大数据量进行分布存储
（2）提供均衡的访问路由
分片策略：
几乎融合经典业务中大部分的分片策略。Mycat已经开发了相应算法，非常方便调用。
范围分片
取模
枚举
日期
HASH
等。
分片键： 作为分片条件的列。
范围分片(range)
比如说t3表
行数非常多，2000w（1-1000w:sh1 1000w01-2000w:sh2）
访问非常频繁，用户顺序访问较多
定制分片策略
[root@db02 conf]#cp schema.xml schema.xml.1
[root@db02 conf]#vim schema.xml
<table name="user" dataNode="sh1"/>
<table name="order_t" dataNode="sh2"/>
下方添加：
<table name="t3" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="auto-sharding-long" />
</schema>
定义和使用分片策略
vim rule.xml
<tableRule name="auto-sharding-long">
<rule>
<columns>id</columns>
<algorithm>rang-long</algorithm>
</rule>
<function name="rang-long"
class="io.mycat.route.function.AutoPartitionByLong">
<property name="mapFile">autopartition-long.txt</property>
</function>
定义范围
[root@db02 conf]#vim autopartition-long.txt 0-10=0 10-20=1
创建测试表
[root@db02 conf]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t3 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);" [root@db02 conf]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t3 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
重启mycat并测试
[root@db02 conf]# mycat restart [root@db02 conf]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 10.0.0.52 -P 8066 --default-auth=mysql_native_password insert into t3(id,name) values(1,'a'); insert into t3(id,name) values(2,'b'); insert into t3(id,name) values(3,'c'); insert into t3(id,name) values(4,'d'); insert into t3(id,name) values(11,'aa'); insert into t3(id,name) values(12,'bb'); insert into t3(id,name) values(13,'cc'); insert into t3(id,name) values(14,'dd'); mysql> show databases; +----------+ | DATABASE | +----------+ | TESTDB | +----------+ mysql> use TESTDB; mysql> show tables; +------------------+ | Tables_in_taobao | +------------------+ | order_t | | t3 | | user | +------------------+ #####逻辑上合并 mysql> select * from t3; +----+------+ | id | name | +----+------+ | 1 | a | | 2 | b | | 3 | c | | 4 | d | | 11 | aa | | 12 | bb | | 13 | cc | | 14 | dd | +----+------+ ###物理上分开 [root@db02 conf]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.t3" +----+------+ | id | name | +----+------+ | 11 | aa | | 12 | bb | | 13 | cc | | 14 | dd | +----+------+ [root@db02 conf]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.t3" +----+------+ | id | name | +----+------+ | 1 | a | | 2 | b | | 3 | c | | 4 | d |
+----+------+
取模分片（mod-long）
1%3 1
2%3 2
3%3 0
4%3 1
5%3 2
任何正整数数字和N（正整数）取模，得的值永远都是 0~N-1
id % 分片数量取模
N % 5 = 0-4 idx
修改配置文件
取余分片方式：分片键（一个列）与节点数量进行取余，得到余数，将数据写入对应节点
[root@db02 conf]#vim schema.xml
添加：....t3之后
<table name="t4" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="mod-long" />
查看和定义分片使用
[root@db02 conf]#vim rule.xml
<property name="count">3</property>
<property name="count">2</property> #将3修改为2
准备测试环境
创建测试表
[root@db02 conf]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t4
(id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);" [root@db02 conf]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t4
(id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
重启mycat
[root@db02 conf]# mycat restart
测试
[root@db01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 10.0.0.52 -P8066 --default-auth=mysql_native_password use TESTDB insert into t4(id,name) values(1,'a'); insert into t4(id,name) values(2,'b'); insert into t4(id,name) values(3,'c'); insert into t4(id,name) values(4,'d'); insert into t4(id,name) values(6,'x'),(8,'y'),(10,'z');
登录端节点查询数据
[root@db02 conf]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.t4"
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
| 1 | a |
| 3 | c |
+----+------+
[root@db02 conf]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.t4"
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
| 2 | b |
| 4 | d |
| 6 | x |
| 8 | y |
| 10 | z |
+----+------+
枚举分片(区域，zone)
t5 表 id name telnum 1 bj 1212 2 sh 22222 3 bj 3333 4 sh 44444 5 bj 5555 sharding-by-intfile
设计分片策略
vim schema.xml 添加t4之后 <table name="t5" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="sharding-by-intfile" />
应用分片策略
vim rule.xml
<tableRule name="sharding-by-intfile">
<rule>
<columns>name</columns>
<algorithm>hash-int</algorithm>
</rule>
</tableRule>
<function name="hash-int" class="org.opencloudb.route.function.PartitionByFileMap">
<property name="mapFile">partition-hash-int.txt</property>
<property name="type">1</property>
</function>
vim partition-hash-int.txt 配置：
bj=0
sh=1
DEFAULT_NODE=1 #默认分
准备测试环境
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao; create table t5 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);" mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao; create table t5 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);" 重启mycat
mycat restart
插入测试数据
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.52 -P8066 --default-auth=mysql_native_password use TESTDB insert into t5(id,name) values(1,'bj'); insert into t5(id,name) values(2,'sh'); insert into t5(id,name) values(3,'bj'); insert into t5(id,name) values(4,'sh'); insert into t5(id,name) values(5,'tj');
测试
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.t5" +----+------+ | id | name | +----+------+ | 2 | sh | | 4 | sh | | 5 | tj | +----+------+ mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.t5" +----+------+ | id | name | +----+------+ | 1 | bj | | 3 | bj | +----+------+
Mycat全局表
a b c d ..... join t a id name age 1 zs 18 sh1 id addr aid 1001 bj 1 1002 sh 2 2 ls 19 sh2 id addr aid 1001 bj 1 1002 sh 2 t id addr aid 1001 bj 1 1002 sh 2
使用场景
如果你的业务中有些数据类似于数据字典，比如配置文件的配置， 常用业务的配置或者数据量不大很少变动的表，这些表往往不是特别大， 而且大部分的业务场景都会用到，那么这种表适合于Mycat全局表，无须对数据进行切分， 要在所有的分片上保存一份数据即可，Mycat 在Join操作中，业务表与全局表进行Join聚合会优先选择相同分片内的全局表join， 避免跨库Join，在进行数据插入操作时，mycat将把数据分发到全局表对应的所有分片执行，在进行数据读取时候将会随机获取一个节点读取数据。
设置全局表策略
[root@db02 conf]#vim schema.xml <table name="t_area" primaryKey="id" type="global" dataNode="sh1,sh2" />
后端数据准备
[root@db02 conf]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t_area (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);" mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t_area (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
重启mycat
[root@db02 conf]# mycat restart
测试
[root@db02 conf]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.52 -P8066 --default-auth=mysql_native_password use TESTDB insert into t_area(id,name) values(1,'a'); insert into t_area(id,name) values(2,'b'); insert into t_area(id,name) values(3,'c'); insert into t_area(id,name) values(4,'d'); mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.t_area" +----+------+ | id | name | +----+------+ | 1 | a | | 2 | b | | 3 | c | | 4 | d | +----+------+ mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.t_area" +----+------+ | id | name | +----+------+ | 1 | a | | 2 | b | | 3 | c | | 4 | d | +----+------+
E-R分片(有关联的表)
a join b on a.xx =b.yy a id name -------------- 1 a sh1 3 c ---------------- 2 b sh2 4 d b id addr aid 1001 bj 1 sh1 1002 sh 2 1003 tj 3 sh2 1004 wh 4
修改配置文件
vim schema.xml
<table name="a" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="mod-long_oldguo">
<childTable name="b" joinKey="aid" parentKey="id" />
</table>
修改分片策略
vim rule.xml
#mod-long之后
<tableRule name="mod-long_oldguo">
<rule>
<columns>id</columns>
<algorithm>mod-long_oldguo</algorithm>
</rule>
</tableRule>
###<property name="count">2</property>
</function>
添加之后
<function name="mod-long_oldguo" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByMod"> <!-- how many data nodes -->
<property name="count">2</property>
</function>
创建测试表
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table a (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);" mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table b (id int not null primary key auto_increment,addr varchar(20) not null ,aid int );" mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table a (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);" mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table b (id int not null primary key auto_increment,addr varchar(20) not null ,aid int );"
重启mycat 测试
mycat restart mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.52 -P8066 --default-auth=mysql_native_password use TESTDB insert into a(id,name) values(1,'a'); insert into a(id,name) values(2,'b'); insert into a(id,name) values(3,'c'); insert into a(id,name) values(4,'d'); insert into a(id,name) values(5,'e'); insert into b(id,addr,aid) values(1001,'bj',1); insert into b(id,addr,aid) values(1002,'sj',3); insert into b(id,addr,aid) values(1003,'sd',4); insert into b(id,addr,aid) values(1004,'we',2); insert into b(id,addr,aid) values(1005,'er',5);
后端数据节点数据分布
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.a" +----+------+ | id | name | +----+------+ | 2 | b | | 4 | d | +----+------+ mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.b" +------+------+------+ | id | addr | aid | +------+------+------+ | 1003 | sd | 4 | | 1004 | we | 2 | +------+------+------+ mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.a" +----+------+ | id | name | +----+------+ | 1 | a | | 3 | c | | 5 | e | +----+------+ mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.b" +------+------+------+ | id | addr | aid | +------+------+------+ | 1001 | bj | 1 | | 1002 | sj | 3 | | 1005 | er | 5 | +------+------+------+
标签：root,sock,Mycat,---,DBLE,mysql,db02,data,id 来源： https://www.cnblogs.com/strugger-0316/p/14477367.html