MySQL主从配置
作者：互联网
1.基础环境安装
(1）修改主机名
使用远程连接工具CRT连接到192.168.117.31、192.168.117.33这两台虚拟机，并对这两台虚拟机进行修改主机名的操作，
192.168.117.31主机名修改为 mysql1，192.168.117.33主机名修改为mysql2。命令如下:
mysql1节点：
[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname mysql1
[root@localhost ~]# bash
[root@mysql1 ~]# hostnamectl
Static hostname: mysql1
Icon name: computer-vm
Chassis: vm
Machine ID: 4c117093465748578b1bcf2b33d9103a
Boot ID: 8e1e0875c7a94470b5de22fc793ce462
Virtualization: vmware
Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
CPE OS Name: cpe:/o:centos:centos:7
Kernel: Linux 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64
Architecture: x86-64
mysql2节点：
[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname mysql2
[root@localhost ~]# bash
[root@mysql2 ~]# hostnamectl
Static hostname: mysql2
Icon name: computer-vm
Chassis: vm
Machine ID: cdb34c907c1047d9a693536b515e37c3
Boot ID: 4481b0234817408fb3b9e8ef6b816109
Virtualization: vmware
Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
CPE OS Name: cpe:/o:centos:centos:7
Kernel: Linux 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64
Architecture: x86-64
(2）关闭防火墙及SELinux服务
两个节点关闭防火墙firewalld及SELinux服务，命令如下:
[root@mysql1 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld [root@mysql1 ~]# setenforce 0
(3）配置hosts文件
两个节点配置/etc/hosts文件，修改为如下:两个节点配置/etc/hosts文件，修改为如下:
[root@mysql1 ~]# vi /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.117.31 mysql1
192.168.117.33 mysql2
(4）配置YUM源并安装数据库服务
使用项目3-Linux系统与服务构建运维中的方法，挂载CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1511.iso镜像并自行配置 YUM源，配置完毕后，两个节点安装数据库服务，命令如下:
# yum install -y mariadb mariadb-server
两个节点启动数据库服务并设置开机自启，命令如下:
#systemctl start mariadb #systemctl enable mariadb
2.初始化数据库并配置主从服务
(1）初始化数据库
两个节点初始化数据库，配置数据库root密码为000000，命令如下:
[root@mysql1 ~]# mysql_secure_installation
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.
Enter current password for root (enter for none):
OK, successfully used password, moving on...
Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.
Set root password? [Y/n] y
New password:
Re-enter new password:
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
... Success!
By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y
... Success!
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y
... Success!
By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y
- Dropping test database...
... Success!
- Removing privileges on test database...
... Success!
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y
... Success!
Cleaning up...
All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.
Thanks for using MariaDB!
(2）配置mysqll主节点
修改mysqll节点的数据库配置文件,在配置文件l/etc/my.cnf中的[mysqld]增添如下内容。
[root@mysql1 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] log_bin = mysql-bin #记录操作日志 binlog_ignore_db =mysql #不同步mysql系统数据库 server_id = 31 #数据库集群中的每个节点id要不同
重启数据库服务，并进入数据库，命令如下:
[root@mysql1 ~]# systemctl restart mariadb [root@mysql1 ~]# mysql -uroot -p000000 Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 2 Server version: 5.5.68-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]>
在mysqll 节点，授权在任何客户端机器上可以以root 用户登录到数据库，然后在主节点上创建一个user用户连接节点mysql2，并赋予从节点同步主节点数据库的权限。命令如下:
MariaDB [(none)]> grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%' identified by "000000"; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to 'user'@'mysql2' identified by '000000'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
(3）配置mysql2从节点
修改mysql2节点的数据库配置文件,在配置文件/etc/my.cnf中的[mysqld]增添如下内容。
[root@mysql2 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] log_bin = mysql-bin #记录操作日志 binlog_ignore_db =mysql #不同步mysql系统数据库 server_id = 33 #数据库集群中的每个节点id要不同
在从节点 mysql2上登录 MariaDB 数据库，配置从节点连接主节点的连接信息。master_host为主节点主机名mysqll，master_user为上一步中创建的用户user，命令如下:
[root@mysql2 ~]# systemctl restart mariadb [root@mysql2 ~]# mysql -uroot -p000000 Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 4 Server version: 5.5.68-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='mysql1',master_user='user',master_password='000000';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
配置完毕主从数据库之间的连接信息之后，开启从节点服务。使用show slave status\G命令，并查看从节点服务状态，如果Slave_IO_Running和 Slave_SQL_Running 的状态都为YES，则从节点服务开启成功。命令如下:
MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: mysql1
Master_User: user
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 529
Relay_Log_File: mariadb-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 813
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 529
Relay_Log_Space: 1109
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 31
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
可以看到Slave IO Running 和 Slave sQL_Running的状态都是Yes,配置数据库主从集群成功。
3.验证数据库主从服务
(1）主节点创建数据库
先在主节点mysqll中创建库test，并在库test中创建表company，插入表数据，创建完成后，查看表company 数据，命令如下:
[root@mysql1 ~]# mysql -uroot -p000000 Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 5 Server version: 5.5.68-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> create database test; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> use test; Database changed MariaDB [test]> create table company(id int not null primary key,name varchar(50),addr varchar(255)); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [test]> MariaDB [test]> insert into company values(1,"alibaba","china"); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [test]> select * from company; +----+---------+-------+ | id | name | addr | +----+---------+-------+ | 1 | alibaba | china | +----+---------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
(2）从节点验证复制功能
登录mysql2节点的数据库，查看数据库列表。找到 test数据库，查询表，并查询内容验证从数据库的复制功能，命令如下:
[root@mysql2 ~]# mysql -uroot -p000000 Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 5 Server version: 5.5.68-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> use test; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed MariaDB [test]> show tables; +----------------+ | Tables_in_test | +----------------+ | company | +----------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [test]> select * from company; +----+---------+-------+ | id | name | addr | +----+---------+-------+ | 1 | alibaba | china | +----+---------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
可以查看到主数据库中刚刚创建的库、表、信息，验证从数据库的复制功能成功。
标签：mysql2,数据库,配置,节点,MySQL,test,MariaDB,root,主从 来源： https://www.cnblogs.com/ljb1187418273/p/14310496.html