专职DBA-MySQL双向主主复制
作者：互联网
专职DBA-MySQL双向主主复制
MySQL双向主主复制
1.mysql主主复制是级联复制的特殊形式。
级联复制是A==>B==>C的单向复制形式，而主主复制实际上是将A和C合并为一个A。
mysql主主复制模型：A<==>B（AB库互为主从）
mysql主主复制也是使用mysql replication的复制方式，只不过复制方向是双向的。
有人说配置双主的可能原因是希望增加写并发的能力，双主是否真的能够增加写并发，我看未必吧。
建议即使配置了MySQL双主复制，最好还是单写，配置双主的目的并不是为了增加写并发，而是为了实现在主库宕机后角色能够快速切换提供服务。
正常主库宕机切换到从库，需要开启从库binlog功能，取消从库read-only参数，同时还需要更改Web用户授权等操作，而配置双主就不需要这些操作了，只要进行vip的自动切换即可。
2.mysql主主复制的企业级实现方案
(1).通过mysql的参数配置使表主键自增的方案。
(2).使用序列服务实现mysql双主方案。
3.mysql主主复制实践（自增ID）
主机规划
--------------------------------------------------------------
数据库角色 主机名 bond0(SSH连接IP) bond1(内网通信IP)
--------------------------------------------------------------
主库1(master) db01 10.0.0.11 192.168.10.11
--------------------------------------------------------------
主库2(master) db02 10.0.0.12 192.168.10.12
--------------------------------------------------------------
[root@db01 ~]# cat /data/mysql/3306/my.cnf
[mysqld]
# for mysql global
user = mysql
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /data/mysql/3306/data
tmpdir = /data/mysql/3306/tmp
pid_file = /data/mysql/3306/3306.pid
socket = /data/mysql/3306/mysql.sock
port = 3306
server_id = 113306
character-set-server = utf8
# for binlog
binlog_format = row
log_bin = /data/mysql/3306/logs/mysql-bin
log_slave_updates
expire_logs_days = 7
auto_increment_increment = 2
auto_increment_offset = 1
slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,1007,1008,1146,1049
# for error log
log_error = /data/mysql/3306/error.log
# general log
general_log = off
general_log_file = /data/mysql/3306/general.log
# for slow query log
slow_query_log = on
slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/3306/slow.log
long_query_time = 1.000000
# for gtid
gtid_mode = off
enforce_gtid_consistency = off
# for replication
# for innodb
[mysql]
character-set-client = utf8
#prompt ="\\u@\\h [\\d]> \"
#prompt ="mysql [\\d]> \"
#prompt ="Master [\\d]> \"
#prompt ="Slave [\\d]> \"
重点参数
[root@db01 ~]# egrep "server_id|log_bin|log_slave|days|auto|skip" /data/mysql/3306/my.cnf
server_id = 113306
log_bin = /data/mysql/3306/logs/mysql-bin
log_slave_updates
expire_logs_days = 7
auto_increment_increment = 2
auto_increment_offset = 1
slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,1007,1008,1146,1049
[root@db01 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysql]
prompt ="Master01 [\\d]> \"
启动数据库实例
[root@db01 ~]# mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/3306/my.cnf &
[root@db01 ~]# mysql -S /data/mysql/3306/mysql.sock -p
Enter password:
Master01 [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to 'rep'@'192.168.10.%' identified by '123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Master01 [(none)]> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Master01 [(none)]> reset master;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Master01 [(none)]> exit;
Bye
[root@db01 ~]# mysqldump -S /data/mysql/3306/mysql.sock -p -A -B -x --master-data=1 | gzip > /backup/bak1_$(date +%F).sql.gz
Enter password:
[root@db01 ~]# ls -lh /backup/
total 200K
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 193K Jul 16 06:42 bak1_2019-07-16.sql.gz
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 29 Jul 12 03:50 conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2.2K Jul 15 05:28 eth0123.zip
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 54 Jul 12 05:39 sh
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 49 Jul 12 03:52 sql
[root@db01 ~]# scp -rp /backup/bak1_$(date +%F).sql.gz root@192.168.10.12:/backup/
The authenticity of host '192.168.10.12 (192.168.10.12)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:auBeaQTHqMvqa5fgR9w9UDEho26UWpxRqc0bHUwCv/Y.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:fc:ad:3a:4d:d7:83:20:a5:a1:49:c6:59:39:0b:1c:e5.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.10.12' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.10.12's password:
bak1_2019-07-16.sql.gz 100% 192KB 22.3MB/s 00:00
[root@db01 ~]#
[root@db02 ~]# ls -lh /backup/
total 200K
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 193K Jul 16 06:42 bak1_2019-07-16.sql.gz
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 29 Jul 12 03:50 conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2.2K Jul 15 05:45 eth0123.zip
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 54 Jul 12 05:39 sh
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 49 Jul 12 03:52 sql
[root@db02 ~]# cat /data/mysql/3306/my.cnf
[mysqld]
# for mysql global
user = mysql
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /data/mysql/3306/data
tmpdir = /data/mysql/3306/tmp
pid_file = /data/mysql/3306/3306.pid
socket = /data/mysql/3306/mysql.sock
port = 3306
server_id = 123306
character-set-server = utf8
# for binlog
binlog_format = row
log_bin = /data/mysql/3306/logs/mysql-bin
log_slave_updates
expire_logs_days = 7
auto_increment_increment = 2
auto_increment_offset = 2
slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,1007,1008,1146,1049
# for error log
log_error = /data/mysql/3306/error.log
# general log
general_log = off
general_log_file = /data/mysql/3306/general.log
# for slow query log
slow_query_log = on
slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/3306/slow.log
long_query_time = 1.000000
# for gtid
gtid_mode = off
enforce_gtid_consistency = off
# for replication
# for innodb
[mysql]
character-set-client = utf8
#prompt ="\\u@\\h [\\d]> \"
#prompt ="mysql [\\d]> \"
#prompt ="Master [\\d]> \"
#prompt ="Slave [\\d]> \"
重点参数
[root@db02 ~]# egrep "server_id|log_bin|log_slave|days|auto|skip" /data/mysql/3306/my.cnf
server_id = 123306
log_bin = /data/mysql/3306/logs/mysql-bin
log_slave_updates
expire_logs_days = 7
auto_increment_increment = 2
auto_increment_offset = 2
slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,1007,1008,1146,1049
[root@db02 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysql]
prompt ="Master02 [\\d]> \"
[root@db02 ~]# mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/3306/my.cnf &
[root@db02 ~]# mysql -S /data/mysql/3306/mysql.sock -p
Enter password:
Master02 [(none)]> reset master;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
Master02 [(none)]> exit;
Bye
[root@db02 ~]# zcat /backup/bak1_$(date +%F).sql.gz | mysql -S /data/mysql/3306/mysql.sock -p
Enter password:
[root@db02 ~]# mysql -S /data/mysql/3306/mysql.sock -p
Enter password:
CHANGE MASTER TO
MASTER_HOST='192.168.10.11',
MASTER_PORT=3306,
MASTER_USER='rep',
MASTER_PASSWORD='123';
Master02 [(none)]> CHANGE MASTER TO
-> MASTER_HOST='192.168.10.11',
-> MASTER_PORT=3306,
-> MASTER_USER='rep',
-> MASTER_PASSWORD='123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)
Master02 [(none)]> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Master02 [(none)]> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.10.11
Master_User: rep
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 154
Relay_Log_File: db02-relay-bin.000005
Relay_Log_Pos: 320
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 154
Relay_Log_Space: 739
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 113306
Master_UUID: 7c145945-a680-11e9-baea-000c29a14cf7
Master_Info_File: /data/mysql/3306/data/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
Master02 [(none)]> exit;
Bye
[root@db02 ~]# mysql -S /data/mysql/3306/mysql.sock -p -e "show slave status\G"|egrep "IO_Running|SQL_Running:|Behind_Master"
Enter password:
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
在首次开启复制的过程中，如果出现复制错误，可以执行如下语句：
stop slave;
set global sql_slave_skip_counter = 1; #将同步指针向下移动一个，如果多次移动仍不同步，可以重复操作。
start slave;
[root@db02 ~]# mysql -S /data/mysql/3306/mysql.sock -p
Enter password:
Master02 [(none)]> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 775259 | | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
CHANGE MASTER TO
MASTER_HOST='192.168.10.12',
MASTER_PORT=3306,
MASTER_USER='rep',
MASTER_PASSWORD='123',
MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001',
MASTER_LOG_POS= 775259;
Master01 [(none)]> CHANGE MASTER TO
-> MASTER_HOST='192.168.10.12',
-> MASTER_PORT=3306,
-> MASTER_USER='rep',
-> MASTER_PASSWORD='123',
-> MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001',
-> MASTER_LOG_POS= 775259;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)
Master01 [(none)]> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Master01 [(none)]> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.10.12
Master_User: rep
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 154
Relay_Log_File: db01-relay-bin.000010
Relay_Log_Pos: 367
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 154
Relay_Log_Space: 786
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 123306
Master_UUID: ab0bfc5a-a681-11e9-bf5d-000c296165a9
Master_Info_File: /data/mysql/3306/data/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
[root@db01 ~]# mysql -S /data/mysql/3306/mysql.sock -p -e "show slave status\G"|egrep "IO_Running|SQL_Running:|Behind_Master"
Enter password:
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master01 [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
Master01 [(none)]> create database zhuzhu;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Master01 [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
| zhuzhu |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
Master01 [(none)]> use zhuzhu;
Database changed
create table t1(
id bigint(12) not null auto_increment comment '主键',
name varchar(12) not null comment '姓名',
primary key (id)
);
Master01 [zhuzhu]> create table t1(
-> id bigint(12) not null auto_increment comment '主键',
-> name varchar(12) not null comment '姓名',
-> primary key (id)
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
Master01 [zhuzhu]> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_zhuzhu |
+------------------+
| t1 |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
Master01 [zhuzhu]> insert into t1(name) values('学生'),('护士'),('空姐');
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
Master01 [zhuzhu]> select * from t1;
+----+--------+
| id | name |
+----+--------+
| 1 | 学生 |
| 3 | 护士 |
| 5 | 空姐 |
+----+--------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
Master02 [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
| zhuzhu |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)
Master02 [zhuzhu]> use zhuzhu;
Database changed
Master02 [zhuzhu]> select * from t1;
+----+--------+
| id | name |
+----+--------+
| 1 | 学生 |
| 3 | 护士 |
| 5 | 空姐 |
+----+--------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
Master02 [zhuzhu]> insert into t1(name) values('人妖'),('少妇'),('小姨');
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
Master02 [zhuzhu]> select * from t1;
+----+--------+
| id | name |
+----+--------+
| 1 | 学生 |
| 3 | 护士 |
| 5 | 空姐 |
| 6 | 人妖 |
| 8 | 少妇 |
| 10 | 小姨 |
+----+--------+
6 rows in set (0.01 sec)
新插入的数据是从当前表中最大数字偶数6的基础上开始进行插入的。
Master01 [zhuzhu]> select * from t1;
+----+--------+
| id | name |
+----+--------+
| 1 | 学生 |
| 3 | 护士 |
| 5 | 空姐 |
| 6 | 人妖 |
| 8 | 少妇 |
| 10 | 小姨 |
+----+--------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
//---------------------------------->MySQL双向主从复制测试完成。
mysql双主复制my.cnf完整配置对比
[root@db01 ~]# cp /data/mysql/3306/my.cnf /root/db01_my.cnf
[root@db02 ~]# scp /data/mysql/3306/my.cnf root@db01:/root/db02_my.cnf
[root@db01 ~]# sz db01_my.cnf
[root@db02 ~]# sz db02_my.cnf
[root@db01 ~]# cat /data/mysql/3306/my.cnf [mysqld] # for mysql global user = mysql basedir = /usr/local/mysql datadir = /data/mysql/3306/data tmpdir = /data/mysql/3306/tmp pid_file = /data/mysql/3306/3306.pid socket = /data/mysql/3306/mysql.sock port = 3306 server_id = 113306 character-set-server = utf8 # for binlog binlog_format = row log_bin = /data/mysql/3306/logs/mysql-bin log_slave_updates expire_logs_days = 7 auto_increment_increment = 2 auto_increment_offset = 1 slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,1007,1008,1146,1049 # for error log log_error = /data/mysql/3306/error.log # general log general_log = off general_log_file = /data/mysql/3306/general.log # for slow query log slow_query_log = on slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/3306/slow.log long_query_time = 1.000000 # for gtid gtid_mode = off enforce_gtid_consistency = off # for replication # for innodb [mysql] character-set-client = utf8 #prompt ="\\u@\\h [\\d]> \" #prompt ="mysql [\\d]> \" #prompt ="Master [\\d]> \" #prompt ="Slave [\\d]> \" [root@db02 ~]# cat /data/mysql/3306/my.cnf [mysqld] # for mysql global user = mysql basedir = /usr/local/mysql datadir = /data/mysql/3306/data tmpdir = /data/mysql/3306/tmp pid_file = /data/mysql/3306/3306.pid socket = /data/mysql/3306/mysql.sock port = 3306 server_id = 123306 character-set-server = utf8 # for binlog binlog_format = row log_bin = /data/mysql/3306/logs/mysql-bin log_slave_updates expire_logs_days = 7 auto_increment_increment = 2 auto_increment_offset = 2 slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,1007,1008,1146,1049 # for error log log_error = /data/mysql/3306/error.log # general log general_log = off general_log_file = /data/mysql/3306/general.log # for slow query log slow_query_log = on slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/3306/slow.log long_query_time = 1.000000 # for gtid gtid_mode = off enforce_gtid_consistency = off # for replication # for innodb [mysql] character-set-client = utf8 #prompt ="\\u@\\h [\\d]> \" #prompt ="mysql [\\d]> \" #prompt ="Master [\\d]> \" #prompt ="Slave [\\d]> \"
标签：log,DBA,root,MySQL,主主,Master,mysql,3306,data 来源： https://www.cnblogs.com/zhouwanchun/p/11195306.html