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mysql递归查询-案例(4)- CTE概念(下)

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CTE

首先了解一下什么是 CTE,全名 Common Table Expressions (公用表表达式)

WITH
cte1 AS (SELECT a, b FROM table1),
cte2 AS (SELECT c, d FROM table2)
SELECT b, d FROM cte1 JOIN cte2
WHERE cte1.a = cte2.c;

cte1, cte2 为我们定义的CTE,可以在当前查询中引用,可以看出 CTE 就是一个临时结果集,和派生表类似

递归查询

先来看下递归查询的语法

WITH RECURSIVE cte_name AS
(
SELECT ... -- return initial row set
UNION ALL / UNION DISTINCT
SELECT ... -- return additional row sets
)
SELECT * FROM cte;

递归部分不能包括:

上面的讲解可能有点抽象,通过例子慢慢来理解

WITH RECURSIVE cte (n) AS -- 这里定义的n相当于结果集的列名,也可在下面查询中定义
(
SELECT 1
UNION ALL
SELECT n + 1 FROM cte WHERE n < 5
)
SELECT * FROM cte;
 
 
-- result
+------+
| n |
+------+
| 1 |
| 2 |
| 3 |
| 4 |
| 5 |
+------+

EXAMPLE

最后来看一个树结构的例子

CREATE TABLE `c_tree` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`cname` varchar(255) COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL,
`parent_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=13 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_unicode_ci;
mysql> select * from c_tree;
+----+---------+-----------+
| id | cname | parent_id |
+----+---------+-----------+
| 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 2 | 2 | 0 |
| 3 | 3 | 0 |
| 4 | 1-1 | 1 |
| 5 | 1-2 | 1 |
| 6 | 2-1 | 2 |
| 7 | 2-2 | 2 |
| 8 | 3-1 | 3 |
| 9 | 3-1-1 | 8 |
| 10 | 3-1-2 | 8 |
| 11 | 3-1-1-1 | 9 |
| 12 | 3-2 | 3 |
+----+---------+-----------+
mysql>
WITH RECURSIVE tree_cte as
(
select * from c_tree where parent_id = 3
UNION ALL
select t.* from c_tree t inner join tree_cte tcte on t.parent_id = tcte.id
)
SELECT * FROM tree_cte;
+----+---------+-----------+
| id | cname | parent_id |
+----+---------+-----------+
| 8 | 3-1 | 3 |
| 12 | 3-2 | 3 |
| 9 | 3-1-1 | 8 |
| 10 | 3-1-2 | 8 |
| 11 | 3-1-1-1 | 9 |
+----+---------+-----------+

标签:递归,cte,tree,CTE,mysql,id,SELECT
来源: https://www.cnblogs.com/xiaoyongdata/p/16701687.html