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MySQL基础,MySQL安装和MariaDB安装

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MySQL基础

目录

关系型数据库介绍

数据结构模型

数据结构模型主要有:

关系模型:
二维关系:row,column

数据库管理系统:DBMS
关系:Relational,RDBMS

RDBMS专业名词

常见的关系型数据库管理系统:

SQL:Structure Query Language,结构化查询语言

约束:constraint,向数据表提供的数据要遵守的限制

索引:将表中的一个或多个字段中的数据复制一份另存,并且这些数据需要按特定次序排序存储

关系型数据库的常见组件

关系型数据库的常见组件有:

SQL语句

SQL语句有三种类型:

SQL语句类型 对应操作
DDL CREATE:创建 DROP:删除 ALTER:修改
DML INSERT:向表中插入数据 DELETE:删除表中数据 UPDATE:更新表中数据 SELECT:查询表中数据
DCL GRANT:授权 REVOKE:移除授权

MySQL安装与配置

MySQL安装

MySQL安装方式有三种:

示例:

环境:centOS8

这里使用yum进行安装

#首先下载mysql官方yum源
[root@liu ~]# wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
#查看是否有包
[root@liu ~]# ls
mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
#升级mysql包
[root@liu ~]# rpm -Uvh mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm 
warning: mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Verifying...                          ################################# [100%]
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:mysql57-community-release-el7-11 ################################# [100%]
#查看yum仓库路径下是否有mysql的仓库
[root@liu ~]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/
CentOS-Base.repo   mysql-community.repo  mysql-community-source.repo
#安装mysql5.7版本,cent0S8需要检测包的来源合法性,所以要加上nogpgcheck参数跳过来源合法性检测
[root@liu ~]# dnf -y install mysql-community-server mysql-community-client mysql-community-common mysql-community-devel  --nogpgcheck
#安装完成之后可以查看当前mysql版本
[root@liu ~]#  mysql -V
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.38, for Linux (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper
#启动mysql服务
[root@liu ~]# systemctl start mysqld
#启动mysql并设置为开机自启,这条命令可以和上面启动命令选择性使用
[root@liu ~]# systemctl enable --now mysqld
#查看mysql状态
[root@liu ~]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Sat 2022-07-23 16:36:24 CST; 59s ago
***省略部分输出***
#默认mysql是有密码的,所以这里需要在日志里查找密码
[root@liu ~]# grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log 
2022-07-23T08:36:22.943668Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: DaHAVz3xov_M 
#获取到密码之后即可登入mysql
[root@liu ~]# mysql -uroot -pDaHAVz3xov_M
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.38

Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
#看到这一行就表示登录成功
mysql> 
#修改mysql密码
#首先设置密码安全性,0表示最低
mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
#然后设置密码长度
mysql> set global validate_password_length=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
#修改密码,密码长度太短安全性太低无法修改,所以建议使用英文加数字加字符组合
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Archer123!';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
#mysql安装完毕之后建议删除mysql仓库,以防止自动更新至高版本
[root@liu ~]# rpm -e mysql57-community-release 
[root@liu ~]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/
CentOS-Base.repo

报错解决

报错示例:

[root@liu ~]# dnf -y install mysql-community-server mysql-community-client mysql-community-common mysql-community-devel  --nogpgcheck
Last metadata expiration check: 0:02:24 ago on Sat 23 Jul 2022 04:00:51 PM CST.
All matches were filtered out by modular filtering for argument: mysql-community-server
All matches were filtered out by modular filtering for argument: mysql-community-client
All matches were filtered out by modular filtering for argument: mysql-community-common
All matches were filtered out by modular filtering for argument: mysql-community-devel
Error: Unable to find a match: mysql-community-server mysql-community-client mysql-community-common mysql-community-devel

解决方法:

#禁用mysql模块,再进行安装即可
[root@liu ~]yum module disable mysql
Last metadata expiration check: 0:04:17 ago on Sat 23 Jul 2022 04:00:51 PM CST.
Dependencies resolved.
=======================================================================================================
 Package                 Architecture           Version                  Repository               Size
=======================================================================================================
Disabling modules:
 mysql                                                                                                

Transaction Summary
=======================================================================================================

Is this ok [y/N]: y
Complete!

MariaDB安装

示例:

环境:redhat8

这里同样使用yum安装

[root@rh2 ~]# dnf -y install mariadb*
***省略部分输出***
Complete!
#启动并设置为开机自启
[root@rh2 ~]# systemctl enable --now mariadb
#进入mariadb,默认没有密码,因为mariadb为mysql原班人马打造,所以命令几乎一样,输入mysql进入
[root@rh2 ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 8
Server version: 10.3.28-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> 
#设置密码
MariaDB [(none)]> set password = password('Archer123!');
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec)

标签:安装,MySQL,community,liu,mysql,MariaDB,root
来源: https://www.cnblogs.com/Archer-x/p/16512541.html