postgres中psql使用和设置输出结果
作者：互联网
如果在当前shell 下，如果设定 export PGPASSWORD='postgres密码' 环境变量，可以不用每次执行sql 语句或者导入一个sql 文件都输入一次密码的麻烦了。
1.设置输出结果边框
默认:\pset border 0
test=# select * from weather ;
city | temp_lo | temp_hi | prcp | date
---------------+---------+---------+------+------------
San Francisco | 46 | 50 | 0.25 | 1994-11-27
San Francisco | 33 | 60 | 0.15 | 1994-11-27
San 66 | 66 | 45 | 0.15 | 1994-11-27
San Francisco | 39 | 53 | 0 | 1994-11-29
Hayward | 33 | 50 | | 1994-11-29
(5 rows)
\pset border 0
test=# \pset border 2
Border style is 2.
test=# select * from weather ;
+---------------+---------+---------+------+------------+
| city | temp_lo | temp_hi | prcp | date |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+------------+
| San Francisco | 46 | 50 | 0.25 | 1994-11-27 |
| San Francisco | 33 | 60 | 0.15 | 1994-11-27 |
| San 66 | 66 | 45 | 0.15 | 1994-11-27 |
| San Francisco | 39 | 53 | 0 | 1994-11-29 |
| Hayward | 33 | 50 | | 1994-11-29 |
+---------------+---------+---------+------+------------+
(5 rows)
\pset border 0
test=# \pset border 0
Border style is 0.
test=# select * from weather ;
city temp_lo temp_hi prcp date
------------- ------- ------- ---- ----------
San Francisco 46 50 0.25 1994-11-27
San Francisco 33 60 0.15 1994-11-27
San 66 66 45 0.15 1994-11-27
San Francisco 39 53 0 1994-11-29
Hayward 33 50 1994-11-29
(5 rows)
2.输出结果到文件
客户端\o
不指定路径，默认输出到home家目录下
最后一个表示关闭文件输出
test=# \o test.txt
test=# select * from weather ;
test=# \o
终端-o
psql -U postgres -d test -o t.txt -c 'SELECT * FROM weather;'
3.控制表头
客户端\t
# 表头开启
test=# \t
Tuples only is off.
test=# select * from weather ;
city | temp_lo | temp_hi | prcp | date
---------------+---------+---------+------+------------
San Francisco | 46 | 50 | 0.25 | 1994-11-27
San Francisco | 33 | 60 | 0.15 | 1994-11-27
San 66 | 66 | 45 | 0.15 | 1994-11-27
San Francisco | 39 | 53 | 0 | 1994-11-29
Hayward | 33 | 50 | | 1994-11-29
(5 rows)
# 表头关闭
test=# \t
Tuples only is on.
test=# select * from weather ;
San Francisco | 46 | 50 | 0.25 | 1994-11-27
San Francisco | 33 | 60 | 0.15 | 1994-11-27
San 66 | 66 | 45 | 0.15 | 1994-11-27
San Francisco | 39 | 53 | 0 | 1994-11-29
Hayward | 33 | 50 | | 1994-11-29
终端-t
~ psql -U postgres -d test -t -c 'SELECT * FROM weather;'
San Francisco | 46 | 50 | 0.25 | 1994-11-27
San Francisco | 33 | 60 | 0.15 | 1994-11-27
San 66 | 66 | 45 | 0.15 | 1994-11-27
San Francisco | 39 | 53 | 0 | 1994-11-29
Hayward | 33 | 50 | | 1994-11-29
~ psql -U postgres -d test -c 'SELECT * FROM weather;'
city | temp_lo | temp_hi | prcp | date
---------------+---------+---------+------+------------
San Francisco | 46 | 50 | 0.25 | 1994-11-27
San Francisco | 33 | 60 | 0.15 | 1994-11-27
San 66 | 66 | 45 | 0.15 | 1994-11-27
San Francisco | 39 | 53 | 0 | 1994-11-29
Hayward | 33 | 50 | | 1994-11-29
(5 rows)
4.纵向横向显示
客户端\x
# 纵向输出
test=# \x
Expanded display is on.
test=# select * from weather where city='San 66';
-[ RECORD 1 ]-------
city | San 66
temp_lo | 66
temp_hi | 45
prcp | 0.15
date | 1994-11-27
# 原始(横向输出)
test=# \x
Expanded display is off.
test=# select * from weather where city='San 66';
city | temp_lo | temp_hi | prcp | date
--------+---------+---------+------+------------
San 66 | 66 | 45 | 0.15 | 1994-11-27
(1 row)
终端执行-x
psql -U postgres -d test -x -c "select * from weather where city='San 66'"
psql -U postgres -d test -c '\x' -c "select * from weather where city='San 66'"
5.对齐设置
对齐
客户端
test=# \pset format aligned
Output format is aligned.
test=# select * from weather;
city | temp_lo | temp_hi | prcp | date
---------------+---------+---------+------+------------
San Francisco | 46 | 50 | 0.25 | 1994-11-27
San Francisco | 33 | 60 | 0.15 | 1994-11-27
San 66 | 66 | 45 | 0.15 | 1994-11-27
San Francisco | 39 | 53 | 0 | 1994-11-29
Hayward | 33 | 50 | | 1994-11-29
(5 rows)
不对齐
客户端
test=# \pset format unaligned
Output format is unaligned.
test=# select * from weather;
city temp_lo temp_hi prcp date
San Francisco 46 50 0.25 1994-11-27
San Francisco 33 60 0.15 1994-11-27
San 66 66 45 0.15 1994-11-27
San Francisco 39 53 0 1994-11-29
Hayward 33 50 1994-11-29
(5 rows)
终端-A
psql -U postgres -d test -A -c 'SELECT * FROM weather;'
city|temp_lo|temp_hi|prcp|date
San Francisco|46|50|0.25|1994-11-27
San Francisco|33|60|0.15|1994-11-27
San 66|66|45|0.15|1994-11-27
San Francisco|39|53|0|1994-11-29
Hayward|33|50||1994-11-29
(5 rows)
6.输出格式
csv格式
客户端
test=# \pset format csv
Output format is csv.
test=# select * from weather;
city,temp_lo,temp_hi,prcp,date
San Francisco,46,50,0.25,1994-11-27
San Francisco,33,60,0.15,1994-11-27
San 66,66,45,0.15,1994-11-27
San Francisco,39,53,0,1994-11-29
Hayward,33,50,,1994-11-29
终端--csv
psql --csv -U postgres -d test <<EOF
SELECT * FROM weather;
EOF
Password for user postgres:
city,temp_lo,temp_hi,prcp,date
San Francisco,46,50,0.25,1994-11-27
San Francisco,33,60,0.15,1994-11-27
San 66,66,45,0.15,1994-11-27
San Francisco,39,53,0,1994-11-29
Hayward,33,50,,1994-11-29
html格式
客户端
test=# \pset format html
Output format is html.
test=# select * from weather;
<table border="1">
<tr>
<th align="center">city</th>
<th align="center">temp_lo</th>
<th align="center">temp_hi</th>
<th align="center">prcp</th>
<th align="center">date</th>
</tr>
......
</table>
<p>(5 rows)<br />
</p>
终端-H
psql -U postgres -d test -H -c "select * from weather;"
7.设置分隔符\pset fieldsep '|'
需要在
\pset format unaligned下才能成功
客户端
test=# \pset fieldsep '//'
Field separator is "//".
test=# select * from weather;
city//temp_lo//temp_hi//prcp//date
San Francisco//46//50//0.25//1994-11-27
San Francisco//33//60//0.15//1994-11-27
San 66//66//45//0.15//1994-11-27
San Francisco//39//53//0//1994-11-29
Hayward//33//50////1994-11-29
(5 rows)
终端-F
~ psql -U postgres -d test -A -F '//' -c 'SELECT * FROM weather;'
city//temp_lo//temp_hi//prcp//date
San Francisco//46//50//0.25//1994-11-27
San Francisco//33//60//0.15//1994-11-27
San 66//66//45//0.15//1994-11-27
San Francisco//39//53//0//1994-11-29
Hayward//33//50////1994-11-29
(5 rows)
8.执行外部sql文件
\i
# test=# \i t.sql 默认找用户家目录下的文件
test=# \i /Users/lxd670/t.sql
city | temp_lo | temp_hi | prcp | date
---------------+---------+---------+------+------------
San Francisco | 46 | 50 | 0.25 | 1994-11-27
San Francisco | 33 | 60 | 0.15 | 1994-11-27
San 66 | 66 | 45 | 0.15 | 1994-11-27
San Francisco | 39 | 53 | 0 | 1994-11-29
Hayward | 33 | 50 | | 1994-11-29
(5 rows)
终端执行sql文件-f
~ psql -U postgres -d test -f t.sql
Password for user postgres: ******
city | temp_lo | temp_hi | prcp | date
---------------+---------+---------+------+------------
San Francisco | 46 | 50 | 0.25 | 1994-11-27
San Francisco | 33 | 60 | 0.15 | 1994-11-27
San 66 | 66 | 45 | 0.15 | 1994-11-27
San Francisco | 39 | 53 | 0 | 1994-11-29
Hayward | 33 | 50 | | 1994-11-29
(5 rows)
9.执行外部sql语句
终端执行sql语句EOF
psql -U postgres -d test <<EOF
SELECT * FROM weather;
EOF
Password for user postgres: ******
city | temp_lo | temp_hi | prcp | date
---------------+---------+---------+------+------------
San Francisco | 46 | 50 | 0.25 | 1994-11-27
San Francisco | 33 | 60 | 0.15 | 1994-11-27
San 66 | 66 | 45 | 0.15 | 1994-11-27
San Francisco | 39 | 53 | 0 | 1994-11-29
Hayward | 33 | 50 | | 1994-11-29
(5 rows)
终端执行sql语句-c
psql -U postgres -d test -c 'SELECT * FROM weather;'
city | temp_lo | temp_hi | prcp | date
---------------+---------+---------+------+------------
San Francisco | 46 | 50 | 0.25 | 1994-11-27
San Francisco | 33 | 60 | 0.15 | 1994-11-27
San 66 | 66 | 45 | 0.15 | 1994-11-27
San Francisco | 39 | 53 | 0 | 1994-11-29
Hayward | 33 | 50 | | 1994-11-29
(5 rows)
标签：psql,输出,27,San,1994,test,Francisco,11,postgres 来源： https://www.cnblogs.com/lxd670/p/16488253.html