XtraBackup 不停机不锁表搭建 MySQL 主从同步实践

# 原有主数据库版本
mysql -V
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.5.31, for Linux (x86_64) using readline 5.1

# 迁移从数据库版本
mysql -V
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.6.25, for linux-glibc2.5 (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper

# 检查数据库引擎
show engines;

+--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
| Engine             | Support | Comment                                                        | Transactions | XA   | Savepoints |
+--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
| MRG_MYISAM         | YES     | Collection of identical MyISAM tables                          | NO           | NO   | NO         |
| CSV                | YES     | CSV storage engine                                             | NO           | NO   | NO         |
| MyISAM             | YES     | MyISAM storage engine                                          | NO           | NO   | NO         |
| BLACKHOLE          | YES     | /dev/null storage engine (anything you write to it disappears) | NO           | NO   | NO         |
| MEMORY             | YES     | Hash based, stored in memory, useful for temporary tables      | NO           | NO   | NO         |
| InnoDB             | DEFAULT | Supports transactions, row-level locking, and foreign keys     | YES          | YES  | YES        |
| ARCHIVE            | YES     | Archive storage engine                                         | NO           | NO   | NO         |
| PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA | YES     | Performance Schema                                             | NO           | NO   | NO         |
| FEDERATED          | NO      | Federated MySQL storage engine                                 | NULL         | NULL | NULL       |
+--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+


# 主从数据库同步注意点
[mysqld]
# 主从之间的 id 不能相同
server-id
# 启用二进制日志
log-bin
# 一般在从库开启（可选）
read_only
# 推荐使用 InnoDB 并做好相关配置


# 检查主从数据库状态
mysql -S /tmp/mysql.sock -e "show global variables like'server_id';"
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| server_id     | 1     |
+---------------+-------+

mysql -S /tmp/mysql.sock -e "show global variables like'log_bin';"
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| log_bin       | ON    |
+---------------+-------+

yum -y install perl perl-devel libaio libaio-devel perl-Time-HiRes perl-DBD-MySQL
#rpm -ivh percona-xtrabackup-2.2.12-1.el6.x86_64.rpm 
rpm -Uvh percona-xtrabackup-2.2.12-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

# 备份
innobackupex --socket=/usr/local/var/mysql2/mysql2.sock --user=root --password --defaults-file=/etc/mysqld_multi.cnf --parallel=4 --database=passport /tmp/backup
# 保持事务一致性
innobackupex --socket=/usr/local/var/mysql2/mysql2.sock --user=root --password --defaults-file=/etc/mysqld_multi.cnf --database=passport --apply-log /tmp/backup/2015-08-05_16-08-14
# 传输
scp -r /tmp/backup/2015-08-05_16-08-14 10.10.16.24:/tmp/backup/ 
# 恢复
innobackupex --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --user=root --password --defaults-file=/app/local/mysql/my.cnf --copy-back /tmp/backup/2015-08-05_16-08-14/
# 还原权限
chown -R mysql:mysql /app/data/mysql/data
service mysqld start
/app/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/app/local/mysql --datadir=/app/data/mysql/data --no-defaults --skip-name-resolve --user=mysql


# 主库授权同步帐号
SELECT DISTINCT CONCAT('User:''',user,'''@''',host,''';') AS query FROM mysql.user;
GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'slave_passport'@'10.10.16.24' IDENTIFIED BY 'slave_passport';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

# 从库开启同步
cat /tmp/backup/2015-08-05_16-08-14/xtrabackup_binlog_info 
mysql-bin.002599    804497686

CHANGE MASTER TO
MASTER_HOST='10.10.16.51',
MASTER_USER='slave_passport',
MASTER_PASSWORD='slave_passport',
MASTER_PORT=3307,
MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.002599',
MASTER_LOG_POS=804497686;

# 开启主从同步
start slave;
# 查看从库状态
show slave status\ G
# 从库的检查参数
Slave_IO_Running=Yes
Slave_SQL_Running=Yes

# 主库的检查参数
show master status \G

+------------------+-----------+--------------+------------------+
| File             | Position  | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+-----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.002600 | 454769337 |              |                  |
+------------------+-----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)


show processlist;

Master has sent all binlog to slave; waiting for binlog to be updated

# 查看主库状态
show processlist;
Master has sent all binlog to slave; waiting for binlog to be updated
show master status \G

# 从库停止 IO_THREAD 线程
stop slave IO_THREAD;
show processlist;
Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
show slave status \G

# 从库切换为主库
stop slave;
reset master;
reset slave all;
show master status \G

# 激活帐户
SELECT DISTINCT CONCAT('User:''',user,'''@''',host,''';') AS query FROM mysql.user;
GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'slave_passport'@'10.10.16.51' IDENTIFIED BY 'slave_passport';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

# 切换原有主库为从库
reset master;
reset slave all;

CHANGE MASTER TO
MASTER_HOST='10.10.16.24',
MASTER_USER='slave_passport',
MASTER_PASSWORD='slave_passport',
MASTER_PORT=3306,
MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001',
MASTER_LOG_POS=804497686;

# 检查主库
SHOW PROCESSLIST;
show master status \G

# 启动从库
SHOW PROCESSLIST;
start slave;
show slave status \G

# 一般是事务回滚造成的
stop slave;
set GLOBAL SQL_SLAVE_SKIP_COUNTER=1;
start slave;