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MySQL_12视图

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MySQL_12视图

1.什么是视图?

2.视图的创建和删除

将dept表复制一份:

mysql> create table dept2 as select * from dept;
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.05 sec)
Records: 4  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from dept2;
+--------+------------+----------+
| DEPTNO | DNAME      | LOC      |
+--------+------------+----------+
|     10 | ACCOUNTING | NEW YORK |
|     20 | RESEARCH   | DALLAS   |
|     30 | SALES      | CHICAGO  |
|     40 | OPERATIONS | BOSTON   |
+--------+------------+----------+

创建视图对象:

mysql> create view dept2_view as select * from dept2;

删除视图对象:

drop view dept2_view;

注意:创建视图对象只能用DQL语句。

3.视图的作用

我们可以面向视图对象进行增删查改,对视图对象的增删查改,会导致原表数据被修改。

3.1案例1:通过视图对dept2表数据进行操作

查看dept2原表数据:

mysql> select * from dept2;
+--------+------------+----------+
| DEPTNO | DNAME      | LOC      |
+--------+------------+----------+
|     10 | ACCOUNTING | NEW YORK |
|     20 | RESEARCH   | DALLAS   |
|     30 | SALES      | CHICAGO  |
|     40 | OPERATIONS | BOSTON   |
+--------+------------+----------+

在原表的视图对象dept2_view上插入一条新的记录:

mysql> insert into dept2_view(deptno,dname,loc) values(50,'LLLLL','HeNan');

再次查看dept2原表:

mysql> select * from dept2;
+--------+------------+----------+
| DEPTNO | DNAME      | LOC      |
+--------+------------+----------+
|     10 | ACCOUNTING | NEW YORK |
|     20 | RESEARCH   | DALLAS   |
|     30 | SALES      | CHICAGO  |
|     40 | OPERATIONS | BOSTON   |
|     50 | LLLLL      | HeNan    |
+--------+------------+----------+

3.2案例2:创建连接两个表的视图修改emp表中数据

创建视图对象emp_dept_view,显示员工表、员工薪资以及员工所在的部门名:

create view emp_dept_view
as
select e.ename,e.sal,d.dname
from emp e
join dept d
on e.deptno = d.deptno;

查看视图对象:

mysql> select * from emp_dept_view;
+--------+---------+------------+
| ename  | sal     | dname      |
+--------+---------+------------+
| CLARK  | 2450.00 | ACCOUNTING |
| KING   | 5000.00 | ACCOUNTING |
| MILLER | 1300.00 | ACCOUNTING |
| SMITH  |  800.00 | RESEARCH   |
| JONES  | 2975.00 | RESEARCH   |
| SCOTT  | 3000.00 | RESEARCH   |
| ADAMS  | 1100.00 | RESEARCH   |
| FORD   | 3000.00 | RESEARCH   |
| ALLEN  | 1600.00 | SALES      |
| WARD   | 1250.00 | SALES      |
| MARTIN | 1250.00 | SALES      |
| BLAKE  | 2850.00 | SALES      |
| TURNER | 1500.00 | SALES      |
| JAMES  |  950.00 | SALES      |
+--------+---------+------------+
14 rows in set (0.02 sec)

面向视图修改,将所有部门为ACCOUNTING的员工薪水改为0:

update emp_dept_view set sal = 0 where dname = 'ACCOUNTING';

查看emp原表数据:

mysql> select * from emp;
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
| EMPNO | ENAME  | JOB       | MGR  | HIREDATE   | SAL     | COMM    | DEPTNO |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
|  7369 | SMITH  | CLERK     | 7902 | 1980-12-17 |  800.00 |    NULL |     20 |
|  7499 | ALLEN  | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-02-20 | 1600.00 |  300.00 |     30 |
|  7521 | WARD   | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-02-22 | 1250.00 |  500.00 |     30 |
|  7566 | JONES  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-04-02 | 2975.00 |    NULL |     20 |
|  7654 | MARTIN | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-09-28 | 1250.00 | 1400.00 |     30 |
|  7698 | BLAKE  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-05-01 | 2850.00 |    NULL |     30 |
|  7782 | CLARK  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-06-09 |    0.00 |    NULL |     10 |
|  7788 | SCOTT  | ANALYST   | 7566 | 1987-04-19 | 3000.00 |    NULL |     20 |
|  7839 | KING   | PRESIDENT | NULL | 1981-11-17 |    0.00 |    NULL |     10 |
|  7844 | TURNER | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-09-08 | 1500.00 |    0.00 |     30 |
|  7876 | ADAMS  | CLERK     | 7788 | 1987-05-23 | 1100.00 |    NULL |     20 |
|  7900 | JAMES  | CLERK     | 7698 | 1981-12-03 |  950.00 |    NULL |     30 |
|  7902 | FORD   | ANALYST   | 7566 | 1981-12-03 | 3000.00 |    NULL |     20 |
|  7934 | MILLER | CLERK     | 7782 | 1982-01-23 |    0.00 |    NULL |     10 |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)

可见,部门为ACCOUNTING的员工薪水已经被修改了。

3.3总结视图作用

假设有一条非常复杂的SQL语句,而这条SQL语句需要在不同的地方反复使用。每次使用这个语句的时候都需要重新编写,很长,非常麻烦该怎么办?

我们可以把这条复杂的SQL语句以视图对象的形式创建出来,在需要编写这条SQL语句的时候直接使用视图对象,可以大大简化开发。并且利于后期的维护,因为修改的时候也只需要修改一个位置,只需要修改视图对象所映射的SQL语句。

在以后面向视图开发的时候,可以像使用table一样,对视图进行增删查改操作。视图不在内存中,视图对象也是存储在硬盘里的,不会消失。

增删改查又被称为CRUD:

标签:12,20,1981,dept2,视图,MySQL,NULL,view
来源: https://www.cnblogs.com/TSCCG/p/15057910.html