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程序的修改!

作者:互联网

一、 系统环境:

Windows xp以上版本,电脑

二、 设计内容:

程序一共定义五个类,继承关系如图所示

 

 

 

首先我进行了主菜单主函数,会员登录,书记信息查看,购书。又在这些主菜单上进行相对应的子菜单的函数。主菜单如下:

#include<string>

#include<iostream>

#include<fstream>

 

using namespace std;

 

class buyer {                                               //基类

    protected :

        string name ;                                       //姓名

        int buyerID ;                                       //购书人编号

        string address ;                                    //地址

        double pay ;                                        //购书费用

 

    public :

        buyer ();

        buyer ( string n ,int b ,string a ,double p );

        string getbuyname ();                               //取姓名

        string getaddress();                                //取地址

        double getpay ();                                   //取应付费用

        int getid ();                                       //取购书人编号

        virtual void display ( )= 0;                        //显示对象

        virtual void setpay ( double=0)=0;                  //计算购书费用

        friend ostream& operator << (ostream& out, buyer &b){

            out << b.name << " " << b.buyerID << " " << b.address << " " << b.pay << endl;

            return out;

        }

        friend istream& operator >>(istream& in, buyer &b){

            in >> b.name >> b.buyerID >> b.address >> b.pay;

            return in;

        }

};

这个是主函数。在主函数的应用中我主要是参考了书上的题目。

class member :public buyer {                                //会员类

    private :

        int leaguer_grade ;                                 //会员级别

    public :

        member ( string n ,int b ,int l,string a ,double p ):buyer ( n,b ,a ,p )

        {leaguer_grade = l;}                                //构造函数

        void display ();                                    //显示函数

        void setpay (double p);

        friend ostream& operator << (ostream& out, member &b){

            out << b.name << " " << b.buyerID << " " << b.address << " " << b.pay << " "<< b.leaguer_grade <<endl;

            return out;

        }

        friend istream& operator >>(istream& in, member &b){

            in >> b.name >> b.buyerID >> b.address >> b.pay >> b.leaguer_grade;

            return in;

        }

};

 

class honoured_guest : public buyer {                       //贵宾类

        double discount_rate ;                              //折扣率

    public :

        honoured_guest ( string n ,int b ,double r ,string a ,double p ):buyer (n,b ,a,p)

            {discount_rate = r;}                            //构造函数

        void display ();                                    //显示对象

        void setpay ( double p);                            //计算购书费用

        friend ostream& operator << (ostream& out, honoured_guest &b){

            out << b.name << " " << b.buyerID << " " << b.address << " " << b.pay << " " << b.discount_rate << endl;

            return out;

        }

        friend istream& operator >>(istream& in, honoured_guest &b){

            in >> b.name >> b.buyerID >> b.address >> b.pay >> b.discount_rate;

            return in;

        }

};

 

class layfolk :public buyer {

    public:                                                 //普通人类

        layfolk(string n,int b, string a, double p ):buyer( n,b ,a ,p )

            {}                                              //构造函数

        void display ( );                                   //显示对象

        void setpay ( double p);                            //计算购书费用

        friend ostream& operator << (ostream& out, layfolk &b){

            out << b.name << " " << b.buyerID << " " << b.address << " " << b.pay << endl;

            return out;

        }

        friend istream& operator >>(istream& in, layfolk &b){

            in >> b.name >> b.buyerID >> b.address >> b.pay;

            return in;

        }

};

buyer::buyer() {                                            //基类构造函数

    name ="";

    buyerID = 0;

    address ="";

    pay = 0;

}

 

buyer::buyer( string n ,int b ,string a ,double p )          //基类的构造函数

{

    name =n;

    buyerID =b;

    address =a;

    pay = p;

}

 

double buyer::getpay()                                       //收取书费用

{   

    return this->pay;

}

 

string buyer::getaddress ()                                  //取购书人地址

{

    return address ;

}

 

string buyer::getbuyname()                                   //取购书人名字

{

    return name ;

}

int buyer::getid ()                                          //取购书人编号

{

    return buyerID ;

}

void member::display ()                                      //会员类的显示函数

{

    cout<<"购书人姓名:" << name << "\t";

    cout<<"购书人编号:"<<buyerID <<"\t";

    cout<<"购书人为会员,级别:"<<leaguer_grade <<"\n";

    cout<<"地址:"<<address <<"\n";

}

 

void member::setpay ( double p)                              //会员类的计算购书费用

{

    if (leaguer_grade == 1)                                 //会员级别为1

        pay =.95*p +pay;                                      

    else if ( leaguer_grade ==2)                             //会员级别为2

        pay =.95*p +pay;

    else if (leaguer_grade ==3)                              //会员级别为3

        pay =.85*p +pay;

    else if(leaguer_grade ==4)                               //会员级别为4

        pay =.8*p +pay;

    else if (leaguer_grade ==5)                              //会员级别为5

        pay =.7 *p +pay;

    else    cout<<"级别错误!" << endl;

}

 

void honoured_guest::display()                               //贵宾类的显示函数

{

    cout<<"购书人姓名:"<<name<<"\t";

    cout<<"购书人编号:"<<buyerID <<"\t";

    cout<<"购书人为贵宾!折扣率为:"<<discount_rate*100 <<"% \n";

    cout<<"地址:"<<address <<"\n\n";

}

 

void honoured_guest::setpay (double p)                       //贵宾类计算购书费用

{   

    pay =pay+(1-discount_rate) *p;

}

 

void layfolk::display()                                      //普通类显示函数

{

    cout<<"购书人姓名:"<<name<<"\t";

    cout<<"购书人编号:"<<buyerID <<"\t";

    cout<<"购书人为普通人"<<"\n";

    cout<<"地址:"<<address <<"\n\n";

}

 

void layfolk::setpay(double p)                               //普通类计算购书费用

{

    pay = pay+p;

}

 

class book {                                                 //图书类

    protected :

        string book_ID;                                      //书号

        string book_name;                                    //书名

        string author;                                       //作者

        string publishing;                                   //出版社

        double price ;                                       //定价

    public :

        book();                                              //构造函数

        book (string b_id ,string b_n ,string au ,string pu ,double pr);

                                                             //重载构造函数

        void display ();

        string getbook_ID ();                                //取书号

        string getbook_name ();                              //取书名

        string getauthor ();                                 //取作者

        string getpublishing ();                             //取出版社

        double getprice ();                                  //取定价

        friend ostream& operator <<(ostream& out, book &b){

         out << b.book_ID << " " << b.book_name << " " << b.author << " " << b.publishing << " " << b.price << endl;

            return out;

}

        friend istream& operator >>(istream& in, book &b){

            in >> b.book_ID >> b.book_name >> b.author >> b.publishing >> b.price;

            return in;

        }

};

 

book::book(string b_id, string b_n, string au ,string pu, double pr){

    

    book_ID = b_id;                                          //书号

    book_name = b_n;                                         //书名

    author = au;                                             //作者

    publishing = pu;                                         //出版社

    price = pr;                                              //定价

}

 

book::book(){

    

    book_ID = "";                                            //书号

    book_name = "";                                          //书名

    author = "";                                             //作者

    publishing = "";                                         //出版社

    price = 0;                                               //定价

}

 

void book::display()

{

    cout<<"书号:"<<book_ID <<"\t";

    cout<<"书名:"<<book_name <<"\t";

    cout<<"作者:"<<author <<"\n";

    cout<<"出版社:"<<publishing <<"\t";

    cout<<"定价:"<<price <<"\n";

}

 

string book::getbook_ID ()                                    //取书号

{

    return book_ID ;

}

 

string book::getbook_name ()                                  //取书名

{

    return book_name ;

}

 

string book::getauthor()                                      //取作者

{

    return author ;

}

 

string book::getpublishing()                                  //取出版社

{

    return publishing ;

}

 

double book::getprice()                                       //取定价

{

    return price ;

}

int main ()

{

    int i =0,buyerid ,flag ;                                  

    book *c[2];                                               //用指针数组存放book对象的地址

    layfolk b1("林小慧",1,"新疆",0);

    honoured_guest b2("赵丽宏",2,.6,"海南",0);

    member b3("王国维",3,5,"江西",0);

 

    buyer * b[3]= {&b1,&b2,&b3};                              //使用指针数组存放继承了buyer类

                                                              //的三个对象的地址

    book c1("7-302-04504-6", "Java程序设计","谭浩强","华中",25);

    book c2("7-402-03388-9","离散数学","马华强","武大",20);

    c[0] = &c1;

    c[1] = &c2;

    cout<<"购书人信息:\n\n";

    for(i=0;i<3;i++)                                          //显示三个继承了buyer 类的对象

        b[i]->display();

 

    cout<<"\n图书信息:\n\n";                                   //显示两个book对象的信息

    for(i=0;i<2;i++)

        c[i]->display();

 

    cout<<"\n\n请输入购书人编号:";

    cin >>buyerid ;

    flag = 0;

    for(i=0;i<3;i++)

        if(b[i]->getid() == buyerid){flag = 1;break;}

        if(!flag){cout << "编号不存在" << endl;}

        else

        {   b[i]->setpay(c[0]->getprice());                   //计算购书费用

            b[i]->setpay(c[1]->getprice());

            cout << endl << "购书人需要付费:" <<b[i]->getpay()<<"\n\n";

        }

 

    //保存数据

    ofstream out;

    out.open("book.txt");

    out << c1 << c2;

    out.close();

 

    out.open("buyer.txt");

    out << b1 <<b2 << b3;

    out.close();

    return 0;

}

 

三、 测试内容及结果:

 

 

总文件的保存

 

 

 

程序运行后主界面如图所示,上面是购书人,购书人从这个文件读取。

 

 

 四、增加程序和改进

int main ()
{
int i =0,buyerid ,flag ;
book *c[2]; //用指针数组存放book对象的地址
layfolk b1("林小慧",1,"新疆",0);
honoured_guest b2("赵丽宏",2,.6,"海南",0);
member b3("王国维",3,5,"江西",0);

buyer * b[3]= {&b1,&b2,&b3}; //使用指针数组存放继承了buyer类
//的三个对象的地址
book c1("7-302-04504-6", "Java程序设计","谭浩强","华中",25);
book c2("7-402-03388-9","离散数学","马华强","武大",20);
c[0] = &c1;
c[1] = &c2;
cout<<"购书人信息:\n\n";
for(i=0;i<3;i++) //显示三个继承了buyer 类的对象
b[i]->display();

cout<<"\n图书信息:\n\n"; //显示两个book对象的信息
for(i=0;i<2;i++)
c[i]->display();

cout<<"\n\n请输入购书人编号:";
cin >>buyerid ;
flag = 0;
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
if(b[i]->getid() == buyerid){flag = 1;break;}
if(!flag){cout << "编号不存在" << endl;}
else
{ b[i]->setpay(c[0]->getprice()); //计算购书费用
b[i]->setpay(c[1]->getprice());
cout << endl << "购书人需要付费:" <<b[i]->getpay()<<"\n\n";
}

//保存数据
ofstream out;
out.open("book.txt");
out << c1 << c2;
out.close();

out.open("buyer.txt");
out << b1 <<b2 << b3;
out.close();
return 0;
}

在购书系统中我加入了一个保存系统,以便日后的查询和数据的丢失。因为在日常生活中我们的数据没有很完善,所以很容易丢失。

 

 

 

 

 

 五、学习心得

我在这一次的总结学习中又一次的体会到了函数的思想,在模块化的设计中,每一个主函数的子函数都需要做到极致化,在运行中才能更细节话,运行的体验也会更强烈。在这次设计中,我也体会到了程序工作的不容易,每一次的小细节都可能使你的程序编译不成功。一个小问题让你的整个程序就会出现了大问题。在每一次的修改和完善中,才能看出以前所在的问题,或许是因为学习能力的有限,知识储备的不够完善,当我们再次回过头去看解决了这些问题时,又是一次大的进步。

标签:string,double,程序,修改,book,buyer,out,cout
来源: https://www.cnblogs.com/gn33/p/14536884.html