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201871010118-唐敬博 《面向对象程序设计(java)》第十五周学习总结

作者:互联网

博文正文开头格式:(2分)

项目

内容

这个作业属于哪个课程

<https://www.cnblogs.com/nwnu-daizh/>

这个作业的要求在哪里

<https://www.cnblogs.com/zyja/p/11963340.html>

作业学习目标

 

(1) 掌握菜单组件用途及常用API;

(2) 掌握对话框组件用途及常用API;

(3) 学习设计简单应用程序的GUI。

 

随笔博文正文内容包括:

第一部分:总结菜单、对话框两类组件用途及常用API(30分)

 

菜单条、菜单和菜单项

 

下拉式菜单通过出现在菜单条上的名字可视化表示,菜单条(JMenuBar)通常出现在JFrame的顶部,一个菜单条显示多个下拉式菜单的名字。可以用两种方式来激活下拉式菜单。一种是按下鼠标的按钮,并保持按下状态,移动鼠标,直至释放鼠标完成选择,高亮度显示的菜单项即为所选择的。另一种方式是当光标位于菜单条中的菜单名上时,点击鼠标,在这种情况下,菜单会展开,且高亮度显示菜单项。

一个菜单条可以放多个菜单(JMenu),每个菜单又可以有许多菜单项(JMenuItem)。例如,Eclipse环境的菜单条有File、Edit、Source、Refactor等菜单,每个菜单又有许多菜单项。例如,File菜单有New、Open File、Close 、Close All等菜单项。

向窗口增设菜单的方法是:先创建一个菜单条对象,然后再创建若干菜单对象,把这些菜单对象放在菜单条里,再按要求为每个菜单对象添加菜单项。
菜单中的菜单项也可以是一个完整的菜单。由于菜单项又可以是另一个完整菜单,因此可以构造一个层次状菜单结构。

1.菜单条
类JMenuBar的实例就是菜单条。例如,以下代码创建菜单条对象menubar:
    JMenuBar menubar = new JMenuBar();
在窗口中增设菜单条,必须使用JFrame类中的setJMenuBar()方法。例如,代码:
    setJMenuBar(menubar);

类JMenuBar的常用方法有:

 

  1. add(JMenu m):将菜单m加入到菜单条中。
  2. countJMenus():获得菜单条中菜单条数。
  3. getJMenu(int p):取得菜单条中的菜单。
  4. remove(JMenu m):删除菜单条中的菜单m。

 


2. 菜单
由类JMenu创建的对象就是菜单。类JMenu的常用方法如下:

 

  1. JMenu():建立一个空标题的菜单。
  2. JMenu(String s):建立一个标题为s的菜单。
  3. add(JMenuItem item):向菜单增加由参数item指定的菜单选项。
  4. add(JMenu menu):向菜单增加由参数menu指定的菜单。实现在菜单嵌入子菜单。
  5. addSeparator():在菜单选项之间画一条分隔线。
  6. getItem(int n):得到指定索引处的菜单项。
  7. getItemCount():得到菜单项数目。
  8. insert(JMenuItem item,int n):在菜单的位置n插入菜单项item.
  9. remove(int n):删除菜单位置n的菜单项
  10. removeAll():删除菜单的所有菜单项。

3.菜单项
类JMenuItem 的实例就是菜单项。类JMenuItem的常用方法如下:

 

  1. JMenuItem():构造无标题的菜单项。
  2. JMenuItem(String s):构造有标题的菜单项。
  3. setEnabled(boolean b):设置当前单项是否可被选择。
  4. isEnabled():返回当前菜单项是否可被用户选择。
  5. getLabel():得到菜单项的名称。
  6. setLabel():设置菜单选项的名称。
  7. addActionListener(ActionListener e):为菜单项设置监视器。监视器接受点击某个菜单的动作事件。

4. 处理菜单事件
菜单的事件源是用鼠标点击某个菜单项。处理该事件的接口是ActionListener,要实现的接口方法是actionPerformed(ActionEvent e),获得事件源的方法getSource(). 

【例 11-15】小应用程序示意窗口有菜单条的实现方法。设有一个按钮,当按钮处于打开窗口状态时,单击按钮将打开一个窗口,窗口设有一个菜单条,有两个菜单,每个菜单又各有三个菜单项。当一个菜单项被选中时,菜单项监视方法在文本框中显示相应菜单项被选中字样。

5. 嵌入子菜单
创建了一个菜单,并创建多个菜单项,其中某个菜单项又是一个(含其他菜单项的)菜单,这就构成菜单嵌套。例如,将上述程序中的有关代码改成如下:
    Menu menu1,menu2,item4;
    MenuItem item3,item5,item6,item41,item42;
另插入以下代码创建item41和item42菜单项,并把它们加入到item4菜单中:
    item41= new MenuItem(“东方红”);
    item42 = new MenuItem(“牡丹”);
    item4.add(item41);
    item4.add(item42);
则点击item4菜单时,又会打开两个菜单项供选择。

6. 向菜单增加退出项
增设一个新的菜单项,对该菜单项加入监视,对应的监视方法中使用System.exit()方法,就能实现单击该菜单项时退出Java运行环境。例如,以下示意代码:

item7 = new MenuItem(“退出”);
item7.addActionListener(this);

public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
    if(e.getSource()==item7){
        System.exit(0);
    }
}

7.设置菜单项的快捷键
用MenuShortcut类为菜单项设置快捷键。构造方法是MenuShortcut(int key)。其中key可以取值KeyEvent.VK_A至KenEvent.VK_Z,也可以取 ‘a’到 ‘z’键码值。菜单项使用setShortcut(MenuShortcut k)方法来设置快捷键。例如,以下代码设置字母e为快捷键。
class Herwindow extends Frame implements ActionListener{
    MenuBar menbar;
    Menu menu;
    MenuItem item;
    MenuShortcut shortcut = new MenuShortcut(KeyEvent.VK_E);
    …
    item.setShortcut(shortcut);
    …
}

 

选择框菜单项

 

菜单也可以包含具有持久的选择状态的选项,这种特殊的菜单可由JCheckBoxMenuItem类来定义。JCheckBoxMenuItem对象像选择框一样,能表示一个选项被选中与否,也可以作为一个菜单项加到下拉菜单中。点击JCheckBoxMenuItem菜单时,就会在它的左边出现打勾符号或清除打勾符号。例如,在例6.5程序的类MenuWindow中,将代码
    addItem(menu1,“跑步”,this);addItem(menu1,”跳绳”,this);
改写成以下代码,就将两个普通菜单项“跑步“和“跳绳”改成两个选择框菜单项:
    JCheckBoxMenuItem item1 = new JCheckBoxMenuItem(“跑步”);
    JCheckBoxMenuItem item2 = new JCheckBoxMenuItem(“跳绳”);
    item1.setActionCommand(“跑步”);
    item1.addActionListener(this);
    menu1.add(item1);
    item2.setActionCommand(“跳绳”);
    item2.addActionListener(this);
    menu1.add(item2);

 

 

工具栏:

工具栏中提供了快速执行常用命令的按钮,可以将它随意拖拽到窗体的四周,JToolBar 工具栏相当于一个组件的容器,可以添加按钮,微调控制器等组件到工具栏中。每个添加的组件会被分配一个整数的索引,来确定这个组件的显示顺序。另外,组件可以位于窗体的任何一个边框,也可以成为一个单独的窗体。

注意:如果希望工具栏可以随意拖动,窗体一定要采用默认的边界布局方式,并且不能在边界布局的四周添加任何组件。

工具栏默认是可以随意拖动的。

常用构造方法
JToolBar():建立一个新的JToolBar,位置为默认的水平方向.

JToolBar(int orientation):建立一个指定的JToolBar.

JToolBar(String name):建立一个指定名称的JToolBar.

JToolBar(String name,int orientation):建立一个指定名称和位置的JToolBar.

对话框:

  (1)对话框是一种大小不能变化、不能有菜单的容器窗口;

  (2)对话框不能作为一种应用程序的主框架,而必须包含在其他的容器当中;

  (3)Java提供多种形式的对话框;

  ——JOptionPane类:支持简单、标准的对话框;

  ——JFileChooser类:支持文件打开、保存对话框;

  ——ProgressMonitor类:支持操作进度条控制对话框等。

  (4)对话框依赖于框架,当框架撤销时,依赖该框架的对话框也会撤销,当框架窗口恢复时,依赖框架的对话框也会返回到屏幕;

  (5)对话框分为有模式和无模式两种:

    1)有模式的对话框处于激活状态时,程序只能响应对话框内部的事件,不能再激活它所依赖的窗口或组件,而且它将堵塞当前线程的执行,即堵塞使得对话框处于激活状态的线程,直到该对话框消失不可见;

    2)无模式对话框处于激活状态时,程序仍能激活它所依赖的窗口或者组件,它不能堵塞线程的执行。

选项对话框:

  (1)JOptionPane提供的对话框是模式对话框,当模式对话框显示时,它不允许用户输入到程序的其他的窗口,使用JOptionPane,可以创建和对定义问题、信息、警告、和错误等几种类型的对话框。

  (2)创建对话框:

  对话框的构造方法:

  ——JDialog  (Frame  owner)   ——构造一个没有标题的非模式对话框

  ——JDialog(Frame  owner ,  boolean  modal)  ——构造一个没有标题的对话框,boolean 型参数modal指定对话框是否为模式窗口

  ——JDialog(Frame owner ,String  title)  ——构造一个有标题的非模式对话框

  ——JDialog(Frame  owner , String  title,  boolean  modal)  ——构造一个有标题的

第二部分:实验部分

实验1:测试程序1(7分)

代码如下:

package menu;
 
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
 
/**
 * @version 1.25 2018-04-10
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class MenuTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
         var frame = new MenuFrame();
         frame.setTitle("MenuTest");
         frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
         frame.setVisible(true);
      });
   }
}

 

package menu;
 
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;
 
/**
 * A frame with a sample menu bar.
 */
public class MenuFrame extends JFrame
{
   private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
   private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;
   private Action saveAction;
   private Action saveAsAction;
   private JCheckBoxMenuItem readonlyItem;
   private JPopupMenu popup;
 
   /**
    *在显示台上显示已选择动作名称
    */
   class TestAction extends AbstractAction
   {
      public TestAction(String name)
      {
         super(name);
      }
 
      public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
      {
         System.out.println(getValue(Action.NAME) + " selected.");//getValue返回被存储的值
      }
   }
 
   public MenuFrame()
   {
      setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT);
 
      var fileMenu = new JMenu("File");//菜单定义
       
      fileMenu.add(new TestAction("New"));
 
      // 加速器
 
      var openItem = fileMenu.add(new TestAction("Open"));
      openItem.setAccelerator(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke("ctrl O"));//"ctrl O"设置为Open菜单项的加速器
 
      fileMenu.addSeparator();//添加分隔符行
 
      saveAction = new TestAction("Save");
      JMenuItem saveItem = fileMenu.add(saveAction);
      saveItem.setAccelerator(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke("ctrl S"));//"ctrl S"设置为Save菜单项的加速器
 
      saveAsAction = new TestAction("Save As");
      fileMenu.add(saveAsAction);
       
      fileMenu.addSeparator();//添加分隔符行
 
      fileMenu.add(new AbstractAction("Exit")
         {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
            {
               System.exit(0);
            }
         });
 
      //复选框和单按钮菜单项
 
      readonlyItem = new JCheckBoxMenuItem("Read-only");
      readonlyItem.addActionListener(new ActionListener()
         {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
            {
               boolean saveOk = !readonlyItem.isSelected();
               saveAction.setEnabled(saveOk);//若"Read-only"复选框未被选择,Save、Save as菜单项均可执行点击操作
               saveAsAction.setEnabled(saveOk);
            }
         });
 
      var group = new ButtonGroup();
 
      var insertItem = new JRadioButtonMenuItem("Insert");
      insertItem.setSelected(true);//默认
      var overtypeItem = new JRadioButtonMenuItem("Overtype");
 
      group.add(insertItem);
      group.add(overtypeItem);
 
      // 展示图标
 
      var cutAction = new TestAction("Cut");
      cutAction.putValue(Action.SMALL_ICON, new ImageIcon("cut.gif"));//putValue将值放置在动作对象内
      var copyAction = new TestAction("Copy");
      copyAction.putValue(Action.SMALL_ICON, new ImageIcon("copy.gif"));
      var pasteAction = new TestAction("Paste");
      pasteAction.putValue(Action.SMALL_ICON, new ImageIcon("paste.gif"));
 
      var editMenu = new JMenu("Edit");//定义菜单
      editMenu.add(cutAction);
      editMenu.add(copyAction);
      editMenu.add(pasteAction);
 
      //展示子菜单
 
      var optionMenu = new JMenu("Options");
 
      optionMenu.add(readonlyItem);
      optionMenu.addSeparator();//分隔符
      optionMenu.add(insertItem);
      optionMenu.add(overtypeItem);
 
      editMenu.addSeparator();
       
      editMenu.add(optionMenu);
 
      //展示快捷键
 
      var helpMenu = new JMenu("Help");
      helpMenu.setMnemonic('H');//设置快捷字符,该字符在标签中以下划线的项式显示
 
      var indexItem = new JMenuItem("Index");
      indexItem.setMnemonic('I');
      helpMenu.add(indexItem);
 
      //在快捷键上添加动作
      var aboutAction = new TestAction("About");
      aboutAction.putValue(Action.MNEMONIC_KEY, new Integer('A'));
      helpMenu.add(aboutAction);
       
      // 将所有的顶部菜单添加到菜单栏上
 
      var menuBar = new JMenuBar();
      setJMenuBar(menuBar);//设置菜单栏
 
      menuBar.add(fileMenu);
      menuBar.add(editMenu);
      menuBar.add(helpMenu);
 
      // 展示弹出菜单
 
      popup = new JPopupMenu();
      popup.add(cutAction);
      popup.add(copyAction);
      popup.add(pasteAction);
 
      var panel = new JPanel();
      panel.setComponentPopupMenu(popup);//设置组件的弹出菜单
      add(panel);
   }
}
运行截图:

 

 

实验1:测试程序2(7分)

package toolBar;
 
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
 
/**
 * @version 1.15 2018-04-10
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class ToolBarTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
         var frame = new ToolBarFrame();
         frame.setTitle("ToolBarTest");
         frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
         frame.setVisible(true);
      });
   }
package toolBar;
 
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;
 
/**
 * A frame with a toolbar and menu for color changes.
 */
public class ToolBarFrame extends JFrame
{
   private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
   private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;
   private JPanel panel;
 
   public ToolBarFrame()
   {
      setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT);
 
      // add a panel for color change
 
      panel = new JPanel();
      add(panel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
 
      // 设置动作
 
      var blueAction = new ColorAction("Blue", new ImageIcon("blue-ball.gif"), Color.BLUE);
      var yellowAction = new ColorAction("Yellow", new ImageIcon("yellow-ball.gif"),
            Color.YELLOW);
      var redAction = new ColorAction("Red", new ImageIcon("red-ball.gif"), Color.RED);
 
      var exitAction = new AbstractAction("Exit", new ImageIcon("exit.gif"))
         {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
            {
               System.exit(0);
            }
         };
      exitAction.putValue(Action.SHORT_DESCRIPTION, "Exit");
 
      // populate toolbar
 
      var bar = new JToolBar();//创建工具栏
      bar.add(blueAction);//用action对象填充工具栏
      bar.add(yellowAction);
      bar.add(redAction);
      bar.addSeparator();
      bar.add(exitAction);
      add(bar, BorderLayout.NORTH);
 
      // populate menu
 
      var menu = new JMenu("Color");//菜单
      menu.add(yellowAction);
      menu.add(blueAction);
      menu.add(redAction);
      menu.add(exitAction);
      var menuBar = new JMenuBar();//菜单栏
      menuBar.add(menu);
      setJMenuBar(menuBar);//设置菜单栏
   }
 
   /**
    * The color action sets the background of the frame to a given color.
    */
   class ColorAction extends AbstractAction
   {
      public ColorAction(String name, Icon icon, Color c)
      {
         putValue(Action.NAME, name);
         putValue(Action.SMALL_ICON, icon);
         putValue(Action.SHORT_DESCRIPTION, name + " background");
         putValue("Color", c);
      }
 
      public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
      {
         Color c = (Color) getValue("Color");
         panel.setBackground(c);
      }
   }
}
运行截图:

 

 

实验1:测试程序3(7分)

package optionDialog;
 
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
 
/**
 * @version 1.35 2018-04-10
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class OptionDialogTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
         var frame = new OptionDialogFrame();
         frame.setTitle("OptionDialogTest");
         frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
         frame.setVisible(true);
      });
   }
}
package optionDialog;
 
import javax.swing.*;
 
/**
 * A panel with radio buttons inside a titled border.
 */
public class ButtonPanel extends JPanel
{
   private ButtonGroup group;
 
   /**
    * Constructs a button panel.
    * @param title the title shown in the border
    * @param options an array of radio button labels
    */
   public ButtonPanel(String title, String... options)
   {
      setBorder(BorderFactory.createTitledBorder(BorderFactory.createEtchedBorder(), title));//设置边框即标题
      setLayout(new BoxLayout(this, BoxLayout.Y_AXIS));//垂直排列
      group = new ButtonGroup();
 
      // 为每一个选项创建一个单选钮
      for (String option : options)
      {
         var button = new JRadioButton(option);
         button.setActionCommand(option);
         add(button);
         group.add(button);
         button.setSelected(option == options[0]);//设置默认选择
      }
   }
 
   /**
    * Gets the currently selected option.
    * @return the label of the currently selected radio button.
    */
   public String getSelection()
   {
      return group.getSelection().getActionCommand();
   }
}
复制代码   复制代码
package optionDialog;
 
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.awt.geom.*;
import java.util.*;
import javax.swing.*;
 
/**
 * A frame that contains settings for selecting various option dialogs.
 */
public class OptionDialogFrame extends JFrame
{
   private ButtonPanel typePanel;
   private ButtonPanel messagePanel;
   private ButtonPanel messageTypePanel;
   private ButtonPanel optionTypePanel;
   private ButtonPanel optionsPanel;
   private ButtonPanel inputPanel;
   private String messageString = "Message";
   private Icon messageIcon = new ImageIcon("blue-ball.gif");
   private Object messageObject = new Date();
   private Component messageComponent = new SampleComponent();
 
   public OptionDialogFrame()
   {
      var gridPanel = new JPanel();
      gridPanel.setLayout(new GridLayout(2, 3));
 
      typePanel = new ButtonPanel("Type", "Message", "Confirm", "Option", "Input");
      messageTypePanel = new ButtonPanel("Message Type", "ERROR_MESSAGE", "INFORMATION_MESSAGE",
            "WARNING_MESSAGE", "QUESTION_MESSAGE", "PLAIN_MESSAGE");
      messagePanel = new ButtonPanel("Message", "String", "Icon", "Component", "Other", 
            "Object[]");
      optionTypePanel = new ButtonPanel("Confirm", "DEFAULT_OPTION", "YES_NO_OPTION",
            "YES_NO_CANCEL_OPTION", "OK_CANCEL_OPTION");
      optionsPanel = new ButtonPanel("Option", "String[]", "Icon[]", "Object[]");
      inputPanel = new ButtonPanel("Input", "Text field", "Combo box");
 
      gridPanel.add(typePanel);
      gridPanel.add(messageTypePanel);
      gridPanel.add(messagePanel);
      gridPanel.add(optionTypePanel);
      gridPanel.add(optionsPanel);
      gridPanel.add(inputPanel);
 
      // Show按钮的添加
 
      var showPanel = new JPanel();
      var showButton = new JButton("Show");
      showButton.addActionListener(new ShowAction());
      showPanel.add(showButton);
 
      add(gridPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
      add(showPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
      pack();
   }
 
   /**
    *得到当前选择的信息
    * @return a string, icon, component, or object array, depending on the Message panel selection
    */
   public Object getMessage()
   {
      String s = messagePanel.getSelection();
      if (s.equals("String")) return messageString;
      else if (s.equals("Icon")) return messageIcon;
      else if (s.equals("Component")) return messageComponent;
      else if (s.equals("Object[]")) return new Object[] { messageString, messageIcon,
            messageComponent, messageObject };
      else if (s.equals("Other")) return messageObject;
      else return null;
   }
 
   /**
    * Gets the currently selected options.
    * @return an array of strings, icons, or objects, depending on the Option panel selection
    */
   public Object[] getOptions()
   {
      String s = optionsPanel.getSelection();
      if (s.equals("String[]")) return new String[] { "Yellow", "Blue", "Red" };
      else if (s.equals("Icon[]")) return new Icon[] { new ImageIcon("yellow-ball.gif"),
            new ImageIcon("blue-ball.gif"), new ImageIcon("red-ball.gif") };
      else if (s.equals("Object[]")) return new Object[] { messageString, messageIcon,
            messageComponent, messageObject };
      else return null;
   }
 
   /**
    * Gets the selected message or option type
    * @param panel the Message Type or Confirm panel
    * @return the selected XXX_MESSAGE or XXX_OPTION constant from the JOptionPane class
    */
   public int getType(ButtonPanel panel)
   {
      String s = panel.getSelection();
      try
      {
         return JOptionPane.class.getField(s).getInt(null);//JOptionPane.xxx来获得这个静态字段的值
      }
      catch (Exception e)
      {
         return -1;
      }
   }
 
   /**
    * The action listener for the Show button shows a Confirm, Input, Message, or Option dialog
    * depending on the Type panel selection.
    */
   private class ShowAction implements ActionListener
   {
      public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
      {
         if (typePanel.getSelection().equals("Confirm")) JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(
               OptionDialogFrame.this, getMessage(), "Title", getType(optionTypePanel),
               getType(messageTypePanel));
         else if (typePanel.getSelection().equals("Input"))
         {
            if (inputPanel.getSelection().equals("Text field")) JOptionPane.showInputDialog(
                  OptionDialogFrame.this, getMessage(), "Title", getType(messageTypePanel));
            else JOptionPane.showInputDialog(OptionDialogFrame.this, getMessage(), "Title",
                  getType(messageTypePanel), null, new String[] { "Yellow", "Blue", "Red" },
                  "Blue");
         }
         else if (typePanel.getSelection().equals("Message")) JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(
               OptionDialogFrame.this, getMessage(), "Title", getType(messageTypePanel));
         else if (typePanel.getSelection().equals("Option")) JOptionPane.showOptionDialog(
               OptionDialogFrame.this, getMessage(), "Title", getType(optionTypePanel),
               getType(messageTypePanel), null, getOptions(), getOptions()[0]);
      }
   }
}
 
/**
 * A component with a painted surface
 */
 
class SampleComponent extends JComponent
{
   public void paintComponent(Graphics g)
   {
      var g2 = (Graphics2D) g;
      var rect = new Rectangle2D.Double(0, 0, getWidth() - 1, getHeight() - 1);
      g2.setPaint(Color.YELLOW);
      g2.fill(rect);
      g2.setPaint(Color.BLUE);
      g2.draw(rect);
   }
 
   public Dimension getPreferredSize()
   {
      return new Dimension(10, 10);
   }
}

运行结果:

 

 

 

 

实验1:测试程序4(7分)

package dialog;

import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;

/**
 * @version 1.35 2018-04-10
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class DialogTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
          DialogFrame frame = new DialogFrame();
         frame.setTitle("DialogTest");
         frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
         frame.setVisible(true);
      });
   }
}
package dialog;

import java.awt.BorderLayout;

import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JDialog;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;

/**
 * A sample modal dialog that displays a message and waits for the user to click
 * the OK button.
 */
public class AboutDialog extends JDialog
{
   public AboutDialog(JFrame owner)
   {
      super(owner, "About DialogTest", true);//调用超类的构造器

      // add HTML label to center

      add(
         new JLabel(
            "<html><h1><i>Core Java</i></h1><hr>By Cay Horstmann</html>"),
         BorderLayout.CENTER);

      // OK button closes the dialog

      JButton ok = new JButton("OK");
      ok.addActionListener(event -> setVisible(false));//可见

      // add OK button to southern border

       JPanel panel = new JPanel();
      panel.add(ok);
      add(panel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);

      pack();
   }
}
package dialog;

import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JMenu;
import javax.swing.JMenuBar;
import javax.swing.JMenuItem;

/**
 * A frame with a menu whose File->About action shows a dialog.
 */
public class DialogFrame extends JFrame
{
   private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
   private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;
   private AboutDialog dialog;

   public DialogFrame()
   {
      setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT);

      // construct a File menu

      JMenuBar menuBar = new JMenuBar();//菜单栏
      setJMenuBar(menuBar);
      JMenu fileMenu = new JMenu("File");
      menuBar.add(fileMenu);

      // add About and Exit menu items

      // the About item shows the About dialog

      JMenuItem aboutItem = new JMenuItem("About");
      aboutItem.addActionListener(event -> {
         if (dialog == null) // first time
            dialog = new AboutDialog(DialogFrame.this);
         dialog.setVisible(true); // pop up dialog
      });
      fileMenu.add(aboutItem);

      // the Exit item exits the program

      JMenuItem exitItem = new JMenuItem("Exit");
      exitItem.addActionListener(event -> System.exit(0));//退出
      fileMenu.add(exitItem);
   }
}
运行结果:

 

 

实验1:测试程序5(7分)

package dataExchange;
 
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
 
/**
 * @version 1.35 2018-04-10
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class DataExchangeTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
         var frame = new DataExchangeFrame();
         frame.setTitle("DataExchangeTest");
         frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
         frame.setVisible(true);
      });
   }
}
package dataExchange;
 
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;
 
/**
 * A frame with a menu whose File->Connect action shows a password dialog.
 */
public class DataExchangeFrame extends JFrame
{
   public static final int TEXT_ROWS = 20;
   public static final int TEXT_COLUMNS = 40;
   private PasswordChooser dialog = null;
   private JTextArea textArea;
 
   public DataExchangeFrame()
   {
      // 创建File菜单
 
      var mbar = new JMenuBar();//菜单栏
      setJMenuBar(mbar);
      var fileMenu = new JMenu("File");//菜单
      mbar.add(fileMenu);
 
      //添加Connect、Exit菜单项
 
      var connectItem = new JMenuItem("Connect");//菜单项
      connectItem.addActionListener(new ConnectAction());
      fileMenu.add(connectItem);
 
      //关闭程序
 
      var exitItem = new JMenuItem("Exit");
      exitItem.addActionListener(event -> System.exit(0));
      fileMenu.add(exitItem);
 
      textArea = new JTextArea(TEXT_ROWS, TEXT_COLUMNS);//含滚动条的文本区
      add(new JScrollPane(textArea), BorderLayout.CENTER);
      pack();
   }
 
   /**
    * The Connect action pops up the password dialog.
    */
   private class ConnectAction implements ActionListener
   {
      public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
      {
         //第一次,创建对话框
 
         if (dialog == null) dialog = new PasswordChooser();
 
         //设置默认值
         dialog.setUser(new User("yourname", null));
 
         //弹出对话框
         if (dialog.showDialog(DataExchangeFrame.this, "Connect"))
         {
            // 重新得到用户输入
            User u = dialog.getUser();
            textArea.append("user name = " + u.getName() + ", password = "
               + (new String(u.getPassword())) + "\n");
         }
      }
   }
}
package dataExchange;
 
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Component;
import java.awt.Frame;
import java.awt.GridLayout;
 
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JDialog;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JPasswordField;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;
 
/**
 * A password chooser that is shown inside a dialog.
 */
public class PasswordChooser extends JPanel
{
   private JTextField username;
   private JPasswordField password;
   private JButton okButton;
   private boolean ok;
   private JDialog dialog;
 
   public PasswordChooser()
   {
      setLayout(new BorderLayout());
 
      //创建还有user name与password域的面板
 
      var panel = new JPanel();
      panel.setLayout(new GridLayout(2, 2));
      panel.add(new JLabel("User name:"));
      panel.add(username = new JTextField(""));
      panel.add(new JLabel("Password:"));
      panel.add(password = new JPasswordField(""));
      add(panel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
 
      // create Ok and Cancel buttons that terminate the dialog
 
      okButton = new JButton("Ok");
      okButton.addActionListener(event -> {
         ok = true;
         dialog.setVisible(false);//点击OK按钮后关闭对话框
      });
 
      var cancelButton = new JButton("Cancel");
      cancelButton.addActionListener(event -> dialog.setVisible(false));
 
      //添加按钮
 
      var buttonPanel = new JPanel();
      buttonPanel.add(okButton);
      buttonPanel.add(cancelButton);
      add(buttonPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
   }
 
   /**
    * Sets the dialog defaults.
    * @param u the default user information
    */
   public void setUser(User u)//放置默认值
   {
      username.setText(u.getName());
   }
 
   /**
    * Gets the dialog entries.
    * @return a User object whose state represents the dialog entries
    */
   public User getUser()
   {
      return new User(username.getText(), password.getPassword());
   }
 
   /**
    * Show the chooser panel in a dialog.
    * @param parent a component in the owner frame or null
    * @param title the dialog window title
    */
   public boolean showDialog(Component parent, String title)
   {
      ok = false;
 
      //拥有者框架
 
      Frame owner = null;
      if (parent instanceof Frame)
         owner = (Frame) parent;
      else
         owner = (Frame) SwingUtilities.getAncestorOfClass(Frame.class, parent);//返回给定组件的最先的父容器
 
      //第一次或改变拥有者,则创建新的对话框 
 
      if (dialog == null || dialog.getOwner() != owner)
      {
         dialog = new JDialog(owner, true);
         dialog.add(this);
         dialog.getRootPane().setDefaultButton(okButton);//设置默认按钮
         dialog.pack();
      }
 
      //设置标题并展示对话框
 
      dialog.setTitle(title);
      dialog.setVisible(true);
      return ok;
   }
}
package dataExchange;
 
/**
 * A user has a name and password. For security reasons, the password is stored as a char[], not a
 * String.
 */
public class User
{
   private String name;
   private char[] password;
 
   public User(String aName, char[] aPassword)
   {
      name = aName;
      password = aPassword;
   }
 
   public String getName()
   {
      return name;
   }
 
   public char[] getPassword()
   {
      return password;
   }
 
   public void setName(String aName)
   {
      name = aName;
   }
 
   public void setPassword(char[] aPassword)
   {
      password = aPassword;
   }
}
运行结果:

 

 



实验1:测试程序6(7分)

package fileChooser;
 
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
 
/**
 * @version 1.26 2018-04-10
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class FileChooserTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
         var frame = new ImageViewerFrame();
         frame.setTitle("FileChooserTest");
         frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
         frame.setVisible(true);
      });
   }
}
package fileChooser;
 
import java.io.*;
 
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.filechooser.*;
import javax.swing.filechooser.FileFilter;
 
/**
 * A frame that has a menu for loading an image and a display area for the
 * loaded image.
 */
public class ImageViewerFrame extends JFrame
{
   private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
   private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 400;
   private JLabel label;
   private JFileChooser chooser;
 
   public ImageViewerFrame()
   {
      setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT);
 
      // set up menu bar
      var menuBar = new JMenuBar();//菜单栏
      setJMenuBar(menuBar);
 
      var menu = new JMenu("File");//菜单
      menuBar.add(menu);
 
      var openItem = new JMenuItem("Open");
      menu.add(openItem);
      openItem.addActionListener(event -> {
         chooser.setCurrentDirectory(new File("."));//设置当前目录
 
         //文件选择对话框
            int result = chooser.showOpenDialog(ImageViewerFrame.this);
 
            // 图像文件接受,把它作为标签的图标
            if (result == JFileChooser.APPROVE_OPTION)
            {
               String name = chooser.getSelectedFile().getPath();//获取用户选择的一个文件路径
               label.setIcon(new ImageIcon(name));
               pack();
            }
         });
 
      var exitItem = new JMenuItem("Exit");
      menu.add(exitItem);
      exitItem.addActionListener(event -> System.exit(0));
 
      //使用标签显示图像
      label = new JLabel();
      add(label);
 
      // 创建文件选择器
      chooser = new JFileChooser();
 
      //接受所有以.jpg, .jpeg, .gif格式的图片文件
      var filter = new FileNameExtensionFilter(
            "Image files", "jpg", "jpeg", "gif");
      chooser.setFileFilter(filter);//文件对话框的文件过滤器
 
      chooser.setAccessory(new ImagePreviewer(chooser));//设置附件组件
 
      chooser.setFileView(new FileIconView(filter, new ImageIcon("palette.gif")));//设置文件视图来提供文件过滤器显示信息
   }
}
package fileChooser;
 
import java.awt.*;
import java.io.*;
 
import javax.swing.*;
 
/**
 * A file chooser accessory that previews images.
 */
public class ImagePreviewer extends JLabel
{
   /**
    * Constructs an ImagePreviewer.
    * @param chooser the file chooser whose property changes trigger an image
    *        change in this previewer
    */
   public ImagePreviewer(JFileChooser chooser)
   {
      setPreferredSize(new Dimension(100, 100));
      setBorder(BorderFactory.createEtchedBorder());//3D效果的直线边框
 
      chooser.addPropertyChangeListener(event -> {
         if (event.getPropertyName() == JFileChooser.SELECTED_FILE_CHANGED_PROPERTY)
         {
            //用户选定新的文件
            File f = (File) event.getNewValue();
            if (f == null)
            {
               setIcon(null);
               return;
            }
 
            //将图像设置未图标
            var icon = new ImageIcon(f.getPath());
 
            //图标过大或过小,缩放
            if (icon.getIconWidth() > getWidth())
               icon = new ImageIcon(icon.getImage().getScaledInstance(
                     getWidth(), -1, Image.SCALE_DEFAULT));
 
            setIcon(icon);//设置图标
         }
      });
   }
}
package fileChooser;
 
import java.io.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.filechooser.*;
import javax.swing.filechooser.FileFilter;
 
/**
 * A file view that displays an icon for all files that match a file filter.
 */
public class FileIconView extends FileView
{
   private FileFilter filter;
   private Icon icon;
 
   /**
    * Constructs a FileIconView.
    * @param aFilter a file filter--all files that this filter accepts will be shown 
    * with the icon.
    * @param anIcon--the icon shown with all accepted files.
    */
   public FileIconView(FileFilter aFilter, Icon anIcon)
   {
      filter = aFilter;
      icon = anIcon;
   }
 
   public Icon getIcon(File f)
   {
      if (!f.isDirectory() && filter.accept(f)) return icon;
      else return null;
   }
}
运行截图:

 

 

实验1:测试程序7(7分)

package colorChooser;
 
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
 
/**
 * @version 1.04 2015-06-12
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class ColorChooserTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
         JFrame frame = new ColorChooserFrame();
         frame.setTitle("ColorChooserTest");
         frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
         frame.setVisible(true);
      });
   }
}
package colorChooser;
 
import javax.swing.*;
 
/**
 * A frame with a color chooser panel
 */
public class ColorChooserFrame extends JFrame
{
   private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
   private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;
 
   public ColorChooserFrame()
   {      
      setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT);
 
      // add color chooser panel to frame
 
      ColorChooserPanel panel = new ColorChooserPanel();//初始颜色为白色的颜色选择器
      add(panel);
   }
}
package colorChooser;
 
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Frame;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
 
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JColorChooser;
import javax.swing.JDialog;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
 
/**
 * A panel with buttons to pop up three types of color choosers
 */
public class ColorChooserPanel extends JPanel
{
   public ColorChooserPanel()
   {
      JButton modalButton = new JButton("Modal");
      modalButton.addActionListener(new ModalListener());
      add(modalButton);
 
      JButton modelessButton = new JButton("Modeless");
      modelessButton.addActionListener(new ModelessListener());
      add(modelessButton);
 
      JButton immediateButton = new JButton("Immediate");
      immediateButton.addActionListener(new ImmediateListener());
      add(immediateButton);
   }
 
   /**
    *弹出模式颜色选择器
    */
   private class ModalListener implements ActionListener
   {
      public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
      {
         Color defaultColor = getBackground();
         Color selected = JColorChooser.showDialog(ColorChooserPanel.this, "Set background",
               defaultColor);
         if (selected != null) setBackground(selected);//将当前选中的颜色,点击OK按钮,设置为背景颜色
      }
   }
 
   /**
    * 弹出无模式颜色选择器,点击OK,对话框的背景颜色就会被设置为所选择的颜色
    */
   private class ModelessListener implements ActionListener
   {
      private JDialog dialog;
      private JColorChooser chooser;
 
      public ModelessListener()
      {
         chooser = new JColorChooser();//颜色选择器
         dialog = JColorChooser.createDialog(ColorChooserPanel.this, "Background Color",
               false /* not modal */, chooser, 
               event -> setBackground(chooser.getColor()), 
               null /* no Cancel button listener */);
      }//点击OK,对话框的背景颜色就会被设置为所选择的颜色
 
      public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
      {
         chooser.setColor(getBackground());
         dialog.setVisible(true);
      }
   }
 
   /**
    * 弹出无模式颜色选择器,当用户选择一种新的颜色,立即改变背景颜色 
    */
   private class ImmediateListener implements ActionListener
   {
      private JDialog dialog;
      private JColorChooser chooser;
 
      public ImmediateListener()
      {
         chooser = new JColorChooser();
         chooser.getSelectionModel().addChangeListener(
               event -> setBackground(chooser.getColor()));//监视颜色选择,立即反馈给用户
 
         dialog = new JDialog((Frame) null, false /* not modal */);//无模式对话框
         dialog.add(chooser);
         dialog.pack();
      }
 
      public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
      {
         chooser.setColor(getBackground());
         dialog.setVisible(true);
      }
   }
}
运行结果:

 

 

实验2:结对编程练习包含以下4部分:(该项作业16周实验课现场检查,并单独评分)

1)   程序设计思路简述;

2)   符合编程规范的程序代码;

3)   程序运行功能界面截图;

实验总结:(16分)

在本周的实验中,通过阅读完整的代码,我逐渐了解了菜单的完整使用过程及方法,对菜单有了更深的理解。在老师讲解知识后,要把不明白的程序要弄清楚,多多理解几次。本次的结对编程让我体会到结对编程的好处,两个人同时去这同一个程序,可以通过讨论,相互提出问题,解决问题,可达到事半功倍的效果。也是对编程能力的一种提升。这次结对编程内容同时也是对这次新知识的一种应用,实现了对新知识的巩固,利用。以后要多通过自己实践,去应用理论知识。

标签:菜单,java,唐敬博,201871010118,add,private,import,new,public
来源: https://www.cnblogs.com/2360689227t/p/12013694.html