javascript-RegEx性能：交替与Trie

对于Google Prettify语法突出显示器for the Wolfram Language,我需要将所有标识符与大约7000个内置函数名的较大列表进行匹配,以将它们突出显示为关键字.过去,我只使用了包含many alternations的正则表达式.举一个具体的例子,下面是所有以Plot开头的函数：

(:?Plot|Plot3D|Plot3Matrix|PlotDivision|PlotJoined|PlotLabel|PlotLabels|PlotLayout|PlotLegends|PlotMarkers|PlotPoints|PlotRange|PlotRangeClipping|PlotRangeClipPlanesStyle|PlotRangePadding|PlotRegion|PlotStyle|PlotTheme)

从理论上讲,这是一个糟糕的选择,因为需要为每个替代关键字重复进行子匹配.一个人可以做的是构建Trie (or prefix tree)并从中构建一个正则表达式.如果前缀不正确,则将跳过所有子匹配项.对于上述单词,这看起来像这样

(:?Plot(?:3(?:D|Matrix)|Division|Joined|L(?:a(?:bel(?:s)?|yout)|egends)|Markers|Points|R(?:ange(?:Clip(?:PlanesStyle|ping)|Padding)?|egion)|Style|Theme)?)

尽管看起来有些混乱,但是这个想法很简单：它测试前缀Plot,如果不匹配,则无需进一步测试.如果匹配,则跳转到内部表达式中并测试下一个前缀,直到它完全匹配为止.

我已经为所有与它们自己匹配的7000个关键字和7000个字典单词定时了正则表达式,作为负例with Kotlin.Trie实现需要78ms,而交替正则表达式需要523ms.这是我所期望的巨大改进.

但是,在JavaScript中,Trie实现似乎要慢一些.为了进行概要分析,我设置了2个网页,它们使用两种不同的方法调用prettify引擎. Here是Trie实现,而here是替代实现.然后,我使用Chrome开发者工具对此进行了分析,但是我对JS的经验并不特别.

问题：

>有人可以解释一下,当(a)正则表达式本身较小(尽管嵌套很重)和(b)正则表达式在匹配时理论上应该提供许多捷径时,为什么Trie正则表达式似乎变慢了吗？
>给定两个测试站点,甚至是纯正则表达式here和here,有人可以告诉我如何正确地对此进行剖析吗？关键字和字典词的列表可用here.

解决方法:

工具：Strings To Regex – Ternary Tree

namedCharacters(格式为https://pastebin.com/HPJRGxuf)

Regex1:   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Options:  < none >
Completed iterations:   1  /  1     ( x 1 )
Matches found per iteration:   1013
Elapsed Time:    0.00 s,   1.42 ms,   1420 µs
Matches per sec:   713,380


Regex2:   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illedSquare|EmptySquare|FilledVerySmallSquare|EmptyVerySmallSquare|FilledRectangle|EmptyRectangle|FilledUpTriangle|EmptyUpTriangle|UpPointer|FilledRightTriangle|RightPointer|FilledDownTriangle|EmptyDownTriangle|DownPointer|FilledLeftTriangle|LeftPointer|FilledDiamond|EmptyDiamond|EmptyCircle|FilledCircle|EmptySmallCircle|EmptySmallSquare|FilledSmallSquare|FivePointedStar|Sun|CheckmarkedBox|CheckedBox|SadSmiley|HappySmiley|Moon|Mercury|Venus|Mars|Jupiter|Saturn|Neptune|Pluto|AriesSign|TaurusSign|GeminiSign|CancerSign|LeoSign|VirgoSign|LibraSign|ScorpioSign|SagittariusSign|CapricornSign|AquariusSign|PiscesSign|WhiteKing|WhiteQueen|WhiteRook|WhiteBishop|WhiteKnight|WhitePawn|BlackKing|BlackQueen|BlackRook|BlackBishop|BlackKnight|BlackPawn|SpadeSuit|HeartSuit|DiamondSuit|ClubSuit|QuarterNote|EighthNote|BeamedEighthNote|BeamedSixteenthNote|Flat|Natural|Sharp|Uranus|Checkmark|SixPointedStar|Perpendicular|LongLeftArrow|LongRightArrow|LongLeftRightArrow|DoubleLongLeftArrow|DoubleLongRightArrow|DoubleLongLeftRightArrow|UpArrowBar|DownArrowBar|LeftRightVector|RightUpDownVector|DownLeftRightVector|LeftUpDownVector|LeftVectorBar|RightVectorBar|RightUpVectorBar|RightDownVectorBar|DownLeftVectorBar|DownRightVectorBar|LeftUpVectorBar|LeftDownVectorBar|LeftTeeVector|RightTeeVector|RightUpTeeVector|RightDownTeeVector|DownLeftTeeVector|DownRightTeeVector|LeftUpTeeVector|LeftDownTeeVector|UpEquilibrium|ReverseUpEquilibrium|RoundImplies|LeftTriangleBar|RightTriangleBar|Equivalent|LessSlantEqual|GreaterSlantEqual|NestedLessLess|NestedGreaterGreater|PrecedesEqual|SucceedsEqual|DoubleLeftTee|LeftDoubleBracket|RightDoubleBracket|LeftAssociation|RightAssociation|Shah|WolframLanguageLogo|WolframLanguageLogoCircle|TwoWayRule|FreeformPrompt|WolframAlphaPrompt|InvisibleSpace|Piecewise|NegativeVeryThinSpace|NegativeThinSpace|NegativeMediumSpace|NegativeThickSpace|ImplicitPlus|Null|IndentingNewLine|AutoPlaceholder|AutoLeftMatch|AutoRightMatch|AutoSpace|AutoOperand|SystemsModelDelay|Continuation|RoundSpaceIndicator|InvisiblePrefixScriptBase|InvisiblePostfixScriptBase|EntityStart|EntityEnd|SpanFromLeft|SpanFromAbove|SpanFromBoth|PageBreakAbove|PageBreakBelow|DiscretionaryPageBreakAbove|DiscretionaryPageBreakBelow|Transpose|Conjugate|ConjugateTranspose|StepperRight|StepperLeft|StepperUp|StepperDown|HermitianConjugate|VerticalBar|NotVerticalBar|Distributed|Conditioned|UndirectedEdge|DirectedEdge|Gradient|Divergence|Curl|ContinuedFractionK|TensorProduct|TensorWedge|ProbabilityPr|ExpectationE|PermutationProduct|Earth|NotEqualTilde|NotHumpEqual|NotHumpDownHump|NotLeftTriangleBar|NotRightTriangleBar|NotLessLess|NotNestedLessLess|NotLessSlantEqual|NotGreaterGreater|NotNestedGreaterGreater|NotGreaterSlantEqual|NotPrecedesEqual|NotSucceedsEqual|NotSquareSubset|NotSquareSuperset|Equal|VerticalSeparator|VectorGreater|VectorGreaterEqual|VectorLess|VectorLessEqual|Limit|MaxLimit|MinLimit|Cross|Function|Xnor|DiscreteShift|DifferenceDelta|DiscreteRatio|InlinePart|RuleDelayed|Square|Rule|Implies|ShortRightArrow|ShortLeftArrow|SelectionPlaceholder|Placeholder|ShortUpArrow|ShortDownArrow|LeftBracketingBar|RightBracketingBar|LeftDoubleBracketingBar|RightDoubleBracketingBar|ScriptA|ScriptB|ScriptC|ScriptD|ScriptF|ScriptH|ScriptI|ScriptJ|ScriptK|ScriptM|ScriptN|ScriptP|ScriptQ|ScriptR|ScriptS|ScriptT|ScriptU|ScriptV|ScriptW|ScriptX|ScriptY|ScriptZ|GothicA|GothicB|GothicC|GothicD|GothicE|GothicF|GothicG|GothicH|GothicI|GothicJ|GothicK|GothicL|GothicM|GothicN|GothicO|GothicP|GothicQ|GothicR|GothicS|GothicT|GothicU|GothicV|GothicW|GothicX|GothicY|GothicZ|DoubleStruckA|DoubleStruckB|DoubleStruckC|DoubleStruckD|DoubleStruckE|DoubleStruckF|DoubleStruckG|DoubleStruckH|DoubleStruckI|DoubleStruckJ|DoubleStruckK|DoubleStruckL|DoubleStruckM|DoubleStruckN|DoubleStruckO|DoubleStruckP|DoubleStruckQ|DoubleStruckR|DoubleStruckS|DoubleStruckT|DoubleStruckU|DoubleStruckV|DoubleStruckW|DoubleStruckX|DoubleStruckY|DoubleStruckZ|DotlessJ|Wolf|FreakedSmiley|NeutralSmiley|LightBulb|NumberSign|WarningSign|Villa|Akuz|Andy|Spooky|ScriptDotlessI|ScriptDotlessJ|DoubledPi|DoubledGamma|CapitalDifferentialD|DifferentialD|ExponentialE|ImaginaryI|ImaginaryJ|FilledSmallCircle|DottedSquare|GraySquare|GrayCircle|LetterSpace|DownBreve|KernelIcon|MathematicaIcon|TripleDot|SystemEnterKey|AlignmentMarker|LeftSkeleton|RightSkeleton|ControlKey|AliasDelimiter|InvisibleComma|ReturnKey|ErrorIndicator|AliasIndicator|EscapeKey|CommandKey|LeftModified|RightModified|InvisibleApplication|DiscretionaryLineSeparator|DiscretionaryParagraphSeparator|ScriptCapitalA|ScriptCapitalC|ScriptCapitalD|ScriptCapitalG|ScriptCapitalJ|ScriptCapitalK|ScriptCapitalN|ScriptCapitalO|ScriptCapitalP|ScriptCapitalQ|ScriptCapitalS|ScriptCapitalT|ScriptCapitalU|ScriptCapitalV|ScriptCapitalW|ScriptCapitalX|ScriptCapitalY|ScriptCapitalZ|GothicCapitalA|GothicCapitalB|GothicCapitalD|GothicCapitalE|GothicCapitalF|GothicCapitalG|GothicCapitalJ|GothicCapitalK|GothicCapitalL|GothicCapitalM|GothicCapitalN|GothicCapitalO|GothicCapitalP|GothicC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Options:  < none >
Completed iterations:   1  /  1     ( x 1 )
Matches found per iteration:   1013
Elapsed Time:    0.01 s,   11.79 ms,   11787 µs
Matches per sec:   85,942

标签：regex-lookarounds,regex-greedy,regex-group,javascript,regex
来源： https://codeday.me/bug/20191108/2005335.html