python-pexpect和ssh：如何在su-root -c之后格式化命令字符串

我正在尝试遍历服务器列表和密码来更改一组服务器上的sshd配置,以便我可以使用无密码的SSH密钥通过root登录/运行命令.

我可以在bash中轻松完成此操作,但是我正在尝试学习Python,并且(显然)希望放弃手动输入密码.

这是我想做的事：

scp ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub /etc/ssh/sshd_config USER@IP:/tmp/

ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -t USER@IP "su - root -c \"chown root:root /tmp/id_rsa.pub; chmod 600 /tmp/id_rsa.pub; chown root:root /tmp/sshd_config; mkdir /root/.ssh; chown root:root /root/.ssh; chmod 700 /root/.ssh; mv /tmp/id_rsa.pub /root/.ssh/authorized_keys; mv /tmp/sshd_config /etc/ssh/; service sshd reload\""

我已经接近用pexpect在Python中执行此操作：

import pexpect

USER="user"
HOST="192.168.1.1"
USERPASS="userpass" 
ROOTPASS="rootpass"

COMMAND1="scp /Users/user/.ssh/id_rsa.pub /Users/user/github/ssh-pexpect/sshd_config %s@%s:/tmp/" % (USER, HOST)

COMMAND2="ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -t %s@%s \"su - root -c \"chown root:root /tmp/id_rsa.pub; chmod 600 /tmp/id_rsa.pub; chown root:root /tmp/sshd_config; mkdir /root/.ssh; chown root:root /root/.ssh; chmod 700 /root/.ssh; mv /tmp/id_rsa.pub /root/.ssh/authorized_keys; mv /tmp/sshd_config /etc/ssh/; service sshd reload\"\"" % (USER, HOST)

child = pexpect.spawn(COMMAND1)
child.expect('password:')
child.sendline(USERPASS)
child.expect(pexpect.EOF)
print child.before

child = pexpect.spawn(COMMAND2)
child.expect('password:')
child.sendline(USERPASS)
child.expect('Password:')
child.sendline(ROOTPASS)
child.expect(pexpect.EOF)
print child.before

当我运行该命令时,COMMAND1(scp’ing)工作正常.
但是COMMAND2失败：

server1:ssh-pexpect user$python test4.py 

id_rsa.pub                                    100%  410     0.4KB/s   00:00    
sshd_config                                   100% 3498     3.4KB/s   00:00    

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "test4.py", line 25, in <module>
    child.expect(pexpect.EOF)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pexpect.py", line 1316, in expect
    return self.expect_list(compiled_pattern_list, timeout, searchwindowsize)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pexpect.py", line 1330, in expect_list
    return self.expect_loop(searcher_re(pattern_list), timeout, searchwindowsize)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pexpect.py", line 1414, in expect_loop
    raise TIMEOUT (str(e) + '\n' + str(self))
pexpect.TIMEOUT: Timeout exceeded in read_nonblocking().
<pexpect.spawn object at 0x102b796d0>
version: 2.4 ($Revision: 516 $)
command: /usr/bin/ssh
args: ['/usr/bin/ssh', '-o', 'StrictHostKeyChecking=no', '-t', 'user@192.168.1.1', 'su - root -c chown', 'root:root', '/tmp/id_rsa.pub;', 'chmod', '600', '/tmp/id_rsa.pub;', 'chown', 'root:root', '/tmp/sshd_config;', 'mkdir', '/root/.ssh;', 'chown', 'root:root', '/root/.ssh;', 'chmod', '700', '/root/.ssh;', 'mv', '/tmp/id_rsa.pub', '/root/.ssh/authorized_keys;', 'mv', '/tmp/sshd_config', '/etc/ssh/;', 'service', 'sshd', 'reload']
searcher: searcher_re:
    0: EOF
buffer (last 100 chars): : Permission denied
mv: try to overwrite `/etc/ssh/sshd_config', overriding mode 0600 (rw-------)? 
before (last 100 chars): : Permission denied
mv: try to overwrite `/etc/ssh/sshd_config', overriding mode 0600 (rw-------)? 
after: <class 'pexpect.TIMEOUT'>
match: None
match_index: None
exitstatus: None
flag_eof: False
pid: 3612
child_fd: 4
closed: False
timeout: 30
delimiter: <class 'pexpect.EOF'>
logfile: None
logfile_read: None
logfile_send: None
maxread: 2000
ignorecase: False
searchwindowsize: None
delaybeforesend: 0.05
delayafterclose: 0.1
delayafterterminate: 0.1

如果在运行脚本之前删除远程服务器上的/ etc / ssh / sshd_config文件,则会得到：

server1:ssh-pexpect user$python test4.py  
id_rsa.pub                                    100%  410     0.4KB/s   00:00    
sshd_config                                   100% 3498     3.4KB/s   00:00    


chown: missing operand
Try `chown --help' for more information.
chown: changing ownership of `/tmp/sshd_config': Operation not permitted
mkdir: cannot create directory `/root/.ssh': Permission denied
chown: cannot access `/root/.ssh': Permission denied
chmod: cannot access `/root/.ssh': Permission denied
mv: accessing `/root/.ssh/authorized_keys': Permission denied
mv: cannot move `/tmp/sshd_config' to `/etc/ssh/sshd_config': Permission denied
bash: service: command not found
Connection to 192.168.1.1 closed.

我什至不知道如何调试它以查看它的混乱情况.不过,我认为它无法正确解析COMMAND2.
对于Python来说还很陌生,因此欢迎您提出建议.
谢谢.

解决方法:

您在COMMAND2中使用了双引号,并正确地转义了所有嵌入的双引号,但是您还需要对所有已经转义的双引号进行转义.换句话说,这并不是真正的Python问题.不过,您可以将Python三重引号用作最外面的引号.它也会更容易阅读.

编辑：实际上,对引用进行任何适当的歧义都可以.由于外壳程序也提供单引号,因此带单引号的解决方案很好. Python将允许您使用单引号或许多其他引号工具,如果您尚未解决此问题,我会建议您使用它(因为这样您可以选择不需要对字符串本身进行任何更改的引号；较少的空间)错误).

因此,以下任何一项都可以：

COMMAND2='ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -t %s@%s "su - root -c \"chown root:root /tmp/id_rsa.pub; chmod 600 /tmp/id_rsa.pub; chown root:root /tmp/sshd_config; mkdir /root/.ssh; chown root:root /root/.ssh; chmod 700 /root/.ssh; mv /tmp/id_rsa.pub /root/.ssh/authorized_keys; mv /tmp/sshd_config /etc/ssh/; service sshd reload\""' % (USER, HOST)

COMMAND2="""ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -t %s@%s "su - root -c \"chown root:root /tmp/id_rsa.pub; chmod 600 /tmp/id_rsa.pub; chown root:root /tmp/sshd_config; mkdir /root/.ssh; chown root:root /root/.ssh; chmod 700 /root/.ssh; mv /tmp/id_rsa.pub /root/.ssh/authorized_keys; mv /tmp/sshd_config /etc/ssh/; service sshd reload\"" """ % (USER, HOST)

COMMAND2="ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -t %s@%s 'su - root -c \"chown root:root /tmp/id_rsa.pub; chmod 600 /tmp/id_rsa.pub; chown root:root /tmp/sshd_config; mkdir /root/.ssh; chown root:root /root/.ssh; chmod 700 /root/.ssh; mv /tmp/id_rsa.pub /root/.ssh/authorized_keys; mv /tmp/sshd_config /etc/ssh/; service sshd reload\"'" % (USER, HOST)

我需要在三引号中添加一个空格,以消除相邻的双引号的歧义.但是您可以使用三重单引号代替.另外,三引号(单引号或双引号)使您可以插入换行符,从而大大提高了可读性：

COMMAND2='''ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -t %s@%s "su - root -c '
    chown root:root /tmp/id_rsa.pub
    chmod 600 /tmp/id_rsa.pub
    chown root:root /tmp/sshd_config
    mkdir /root/.ssh
    chown root:root /root/.ssh
    chmod 700 /root/.ssh
    mv /tmp/id_rsa.pub /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
    mv /tmp/sshd_config /etc/ssh/
    service sshd reload'"''' % (USER, HOST)

标签：pexpect,ssh,python
来源： https://codeday.me/bug/20191101/1985863.html