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是否可以使用Java ImageIO从InputStream读取多个图像?

作者:互联网

我正在尝试一个Kotlin线程,该线程仅从单个InputStream读取多个图像.

为了进行测试,我有一个输入流,该输入流在单独的线程中接收两个小图像文件的内容.这似乎工作正常,就像我将输入流的内容写入磁盘一样,生成的文件与两个源映像文件的串联相同.

使用ImageIO从输入流中读取图像时,会发生此问题:

import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.InputStream;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;

class ImgReader {

    InputStream input;

    ImgReader(InputStream input) {
        this.input = input;
    }

    public void run() {
        ImageIO.setUseCache(false);
        System.out.println("read start");
        int counter = 1;
        try {
            BufferedImage im = ImageIO.read(input);
            System.out.println("read: " + counter + " " + (im != null));

            if (im != null)
                ImageIO.write(im, "jpg", new File("pics/out/" + (counter++) +".jpeg"));

        } catch (Exception e){
            System.out.println("error while reading stream");
            e.printStackTrace(System.out);
        }

        System.out.println("read done");
    }
}

这适用于第一个图像,该图像已正确接收并保存到文件中.但是,不会读取第二个图像:ImageIO.read(input)返回null.

是否可以从InputStream读取多个图像?我究竟做错了什么?

-编辑-

我尝试了一种变体,其中仅从流中解码了一个图像(此操作正确完成).此后,我尝试将其余的流内容保存到二进制文件中,而没有尝试将其解码为图像.第二个二进制文件为空,这意味着第一个ImageIO.read似乎消耗了整个流.

解决方法:

是的,可以从(单个)InputStream读取多个图像.

我认为最明显的解决方案是使用一种文件格式,该文件格式已广泛支持多种图像,例如TIFF.即使ImageIO类没有任何便利的方法,如ImageIO.read(…)/ ImageIO.write(…),javax.imageio API也对读取和写入多图像文件提供了良好的支持. )读取/写入单个图像的方法.这意味着您需要编写更多代码(下面的代码示例).

但是,如果输入是由控件之外的第三方创建的,则不能选择使用其他格式.从注释中可以看出,您的输入实际上是串联的Exif JPEG流.好消息是,Java的JPEGImageReader / Writer确实允许在同一流中包含多个JPEG,即使这种格式不是很常见.

要从同一流中读取多个JPEG,可以使用以下示例(请注意,该代码是完全通用的,并且可以读取其他多图像文件,例如TIFF):

File file = ...; // May also use InputStream here
List<BufferedImage> images = new ArrayList<>();

try (ImageInputStream in = ImageIO.createImageInputStream(file)) {
    Iterator<ImageReader> readers = ImageIO.getImageReaders(in);

    if (!readers.hasNext()) {
        throw new AssertionError("No reader for file " + file);
    }

    ImageReader reader = readers.next();

    reader.setInput(in);

    // It's possible to use reader.getNumImages(true) and a for-loop here.
    // However, for many formats, it is more efficient to just read until there's no more images in the stream.
    try {
        int i = 0;
        while (true) {
            images.add(reader.read(i++));
        }
    }
    catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException expected) {
        // We're done
    }

    reader.dispose();
}   

此行以下的任何内容都只是额外的信息.

这是使用ImageIO API编写多图像文件的方法(代码示例使用TIFF,但是它非常通用,并且理论上也应适用于其他格式,但压缩类型参数除外).

File file = ...; // May also use OutputStream/InputStream here
List<BufferedImage> images = new ArrayList<>(); // Just add images...

Iterator<ImageWriter> writers = ImageIO.getImageWritersByFormatName("TIFF");

if (!writers.hasNext()) {
    throw new AssertionError("Missing plugin");
}

ImageWriter writer = writers.next();

if (!writer.canWriteSequence()) {
    throw new AssertionError("Plugin doesn't support multi page file");       
}

ImageWriteParam param = writer.getDefaultWriteParam();
param.setCompressionMode(ImageWriteParam.MODE_EXPLICIT);
param.setCompressionType("JPEG"); // The allowed compression types may vary from plugin to plugin
// The most common values for TIFF, are NONE, LZW, Deflate or Zip, or JPEG

try (ImageOutputStream out = ImageIO.createImageOutputStream(file)) {
    writer.setOutput(out);

    writer.prepareWriteSequence(null); // No stream metadata needed for TIFF

    for (BufferedImage image : images) {
        writer.writeToSequence(new IIOImage(image, null, null), param);
    }

    writer.endWriteSequence();
}

writer.dispose();

请注意,在Java 9之前,您还需要第三方TIFF插件(例如JAI或我自己的TwelveMonkeys ImageIO)才能使用ImageIO读取/写入TIFF.

如果您真的不喜欢编写此冗长的代码,另一种选择是将图像包装成您自己的最小容器格式,该格式至少(包括)每个图像的长度.然后,您可以使用ImageIO.write(…)进行写入,也可以使用ImageIO.read(…)进行读取,但是您需要围绕它实现一些简单的流逻辑.当然,反对它的主要论据是它将是完全专有的.

但是,如果您要在类似客户端/服务器的设置中异步读取/写入(就像我怀疑的那样,从我的问题来看),这可能是很合理的,并且可能是可以接受的折衷方案.

就像是:

File file = new File(args[0]);
List<BufferedImage> images = new ArrayList<>();

try (DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(file))) {
    ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream(1024 * 1024); // Use larger buffer for large images

    for (BufferedImage image : images) {
        buffer.reset();

        ImageIO.write(image, "JPEG", buffer); // Or PNG or any other format you like, really

        out.writeInt(buffer.size());
        buffer.writeTo(out);
        out.flush();
    }

    out.writeInt(-1); // EOF marker (alternatively, catch EOFException while reading)
}

// And, reading back:
try (DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(new FileInputStream(file))) {
    int size;

    while ((size = in.readInt()) != -1) {
        byte[] buffer = new byte[size];
        in.readFully(buffer); // May be more efficient to create a FilterInputStream that counts bytes read, with local EOF after size

        images.add(ImageIO.read(new ByteArrayInputStream(buffer)));
    }
}

PS:如果您要做的只是将收到的图像写入磁盘,则不应使用ImageIO.而是使用普通的I / O(假定来自上一个示例的格式):

try (DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(new FileInputStream(file))) {
    int counter = 0;

    int size;        
    while ((size = in.readInt()) != -1) {
        byte[] buffer = new byte[size];
        in.readFully(buffer);

        try (FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(new File("pics/out/" + (counter++) +".jpeg"))) {
            out.write(buffer);
            out.flush();
        }
    }
}

标签:javax-imageio,kotlin,java
来源: https://codeday.me/bug/20191024/1924113.html