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18 JavaScript DOM事件

作者:互联网

JS是事件驱动为核心的一门语言

1 事件三要素

事件源、事件、事件驱动程序

代码书写步骤如下:(重要)

常用事件

image


2 事件绑定方式

直接绑定匿名函数

 var oDiv = document.getElementById("box");
//绑定事件的第一种方式
oDiv.onclick = function () {
    alert("我是弹出的内容");
};

先单独定义函数,再绑定

var oDiv = document.getElementById("box");
//绑定事件的第二种方式
oDiv.onclick = fn;   //注意,这里是fn,不是fn()。fn()指的是返回值。
//单独定义函数
function fn() {
    alert("我是弹出的内容");
};

行内绑定

<!--行内绑定-->
<div id="box" onclick="fn()"></div>

<script type="text/javascript">

    function fn() {
        alert("我是弹出的内容");
    }

</script>

注意第一行代码,绑定时,是写的"fn()",不是写的"fn"。因为绑定的这段代码不是写在js代码里的,而是被识别成了字符串

3 onclick&ondblclick

光标点击事件

<div id="box"></div>
<script>
    //首先取到节点对象
    var oDiv = document.getElementById('box');
    //设置事件
    var isBlue = true;
    function add(){
        if (isBlue){
            //this 只向当前的元素节点对象
            this.style.backgroundColor = 'red';
            isBlue = false;
        }else {
            this.style.backgroundColor = 'blue';
            isBlue = true;
        }
    }
    oDiv.onclick = add; //光标单击事件
  	oDiv.ondblclick = add; //光标双击事件
</script>

4 onm ouse

onmouseover & onm ouseout/onmouseleave 鼠标划过和移开事件

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <style>
        #box{
            width: 200px;
            height: 200px;
            background-color: red;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="box"></div>
<script>
    //1.找到事件源
    var oDiv = document.getElementById('box');
    //2.事件(鼠标划过事件)
    oDiv.onmouseover = function () {
        //3.事件的驱动程序
        this.style.backgroundColor = 'green';
    }
    //2.事件(鼠标移开事件)
    oDiv.onmouseleave = function () {
        //3.事件的驱动程序
        this.style.backgroundColor = 'red';
    }
</script>
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <style>
        .content{width: 300px;}
        .content .text{height: 50px;background-color: greenyellow}
        .content .c1{height: 50px;background-color: orange}
        .content .c2{height: 50px;background-color: rebeccapurple}
        .content .c3{height: 50px;background-color: indianred}
        .hide{display: none}
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="content">
    <div class="text">标题</div>
    <div class="list hide">
        <div class="c1">111</div>
        <div class="c2">222</div>
        <div class="c3">333</div>
    </div>
</div>
<script>
    var text = document.querySelector('.text');
    var list = document.querySelector('.list');
    var content = document.querySelector('.content');
    text.onmouseover = function () {
        list.classList.remove('hide');
    }
    content.onmouseleave = function () {
        list.classList.add('hide');
    }
</script>
</body>

5 onfocus&onblur

光标的聚焦和离焦

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <style>
        .text{
            color: red;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<form>
    <p class="name">
        <label for="username">用户名:</label>
        <input type="text" name="user" id="username">
    </p>
    <p class="pwd">
        <label for="pwd">密码:</label>
        <input type="password" name="wpd" id="pwd">
    </p>
    <input type="submit" name="">
</form>
<script>
    var userName = document.getElementById('username');
    var newNode = document.createElement('span');
    //光标的聚焦
    userName.onfocus = function () {
        newNode.innerHTML = '请输入用户名'
        newNode.setAttribute('class','text')
        userName.parentNode.appendChild(newNode);
    }
    //光标的离焦
    userName.onblur = function () {
        newNode.innerHTML = '请输入正确的用户名'
        newNode.setAttribute('class','text')
        userName.parentNode.appendChild(newNode);
    }
</script>
</body>
</html>

6 onselect&oninput

内容选中和内容改变事件

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<textarea cols="30" rows="10">个人简介</textarea>
<input type="text" name="" value="lxx">
<script>
    var textArea = document.getElementsByTagName('textarea')[0];
    var inputObj = document.getElementsByTagName('input')[0];
    textArea.onselect = function () {
        console.log('内容被选中');
    }
    inputObj.onselect = function () {
        console.log('内容被改变');
    }
    inputObj.oninput = function () {
        console.log('内容被实时改变了');
        console.log(this.value); //获取改变的值
    }
</script>
</body>
</html>

7 onl oad

窗口加载事件

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <script>
        /*
        setTimeout(function () {
            var oDiv = document.getElementById('box');
            console.log(oDiv);
            oDiv.onclick = function () {
                this.innerHTML = 'alex';
            }
        },0)
        */
        //等待文档元素加载完后才会调用onload()
        window.onload = function () {
            var oDiv = document.getElementById('box');
            console.log(oDiv);
            oDiv.onclick = function () {
                this.innerHTML = 'alex';
            }
        }
    </script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="box">lxx</div>
</body>
</html>

8 获取标签文本信息

行内式静态

<div ondblclick="foo(this)">lxx</div>
<div id="box">wxx</div>
<script>
    /*
    //获取DOM标签对象的文本
    function foo() {
        var oD = document.getElementById('box');
        console.log(oD.innerHTML);
    }
    */
    
    //获取自己的标签的文本信息
    function foo(self) {
        console.log(self.innerHTML);
    }
</script>

动态(绑定自己时,要用this)

<div id="box">wxx</div>
<ul class="title">
    <li>111</li>
    <li>222</li>
    <li>333</li>
</ul>
<script>
    var ele = document.getElementById('box');
    ele.onclick = function () {
        console.log(this.innerHTML);
    }

    var uL = document.querySelectorAll('.title li');
    for (var i=0; i<uL.length; i++){
        uL[i].onclick = function () {
            //事件被点击后触发执行
            console.log(this.innerHTML);
        }
    }
</script>

9 onsubmit

提交事件

<body>
<form action="" id="i1">
    <input type="text" name="user" class="c1">
    <input type="submit">
</form>

<script>
    var ele = document.querySelector('#i1');
    var user = document.querySelector('.c1');
    ele.onsubmit = function (e) {
        if (user.value.length<=5){
            alert('用户名长度要大于等于5');
            user.value = '';
            //阻止默认提交事件:方式一
            return false;
            //阻止默认提交事件:方式二
            e.preventDefault();
        }
    }
</script>
</body>

10 onchange

当文本内容或选中的内容发生变化时,触发事件

<body>
<select name="" id="provice">
    <option value="">请选择省份</option>
    <option value="hubei">湖北省</option>
    <option value="hebei">河北省</option>
    <option value="guangdong">广东省</option>
</select>
<select name="" id="city">
    <option value="">请选择城市</option>
</select>

<script>
    var data = {'hubei':['襄阳','武汉','荆州'],
    'hebei':['保定','石家庄','廊坊'],
    'guangdong':['广州','深圳','东莞']};
    var provice = document.querySelector('#provice');
    var city = document.querySelector('#city');
    //当文本内容或选中的内容发生变化时,触发事件
    provice.onchange = function () {
        var cit = data[this.value];

        //清空方法
        city.options.length = 1;

        for (var index in cit){
            console.log(cit[index]);
            //创建标签
            var oP = document.createElement('option');
            oP.innerHTML = cit[index];
            city.appendChild(oP);
        }
    }
</script>
</body>

11 onkeys

输入键事件

<input type="text" class="c1">
<script>
    var ele = document.getElementsByClassName('c1')[0];
    //检测键盘摁下事件
    ele.onkeydown = function () {
        console.log('ok');
    }
    
    //检测键盘摁下后松开事件
    ele.onkeyup = function (e) {
        console.log(e.keyCode); //输出key的数字
        console.log(e.key); //输出key的相应字符
        if (e.keyCode === 13){
            console.log('enter');
        }
    }
</script>

12 冒泡事件

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <style>
        .c1{
            width: 300px;
            height: 300px;
            background-color: #83c44e;
        }
        .c2{
            width: 150px;
            height: 150px;
            background-color: indianred;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="c1">
    <div class="c2"></div>
</div>
<script>
    var ele1 = document.querySelector('.c1');
    ele1.onclick = function () {
        alert('c1区');
    }
    var ele2 = document.querySelector('.c2');
    ele2.onclick = function (e) {
        alert('c2区');
        //阻止事件冒泡(只执行自己的代码,不在延续其它事件)
        e.stopPropagation();
    }
</script>
</body>

标签:function,oDiv,DOM,18,JavaScript,事件,var,console,document
来源: https://www.cnblogs.com/it-lkp/p/16554857.html