用 python 爬取房价信息
作者：互联网
这是我们python课程要求我们制作一个项目，用python爬取结果并作数据展示。
我们使用requests的方法对房价的信息做了爬取，一下就是我们所爬取的网页
我们主要爬取的内容包括了房价的走势，上月的价格，本月的价格，和历史最高的价格和涨幅，等信息做了爬取并用matplotlib 画出了一个折线图并将其保存下来
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import datetime
import requests
import pinyin
import re
import os
def oneyear_m():
x = []
y = []
with open("zoushi.txt", 'r', encoding='utf-8') as data1:
for line in data1.read().split("\n"):
data1_line = line.split(":")
x.append(data1_line[0][5:])
y.append(int(data1_line[1]))
plt.figure(figsize=(28, 10))
plt.title('一年变化图') # 折线图标题
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei'] # 显示汉字
plt.xlabel('时间') # x轴标题
plt.ylabel('价格 (元/㎡)') # y轴标题
plt.plot(x, y, marker='o', markersize=5) # 绘制折线图，添加数据点，设置点的大小
for a, b in zip(x, y):
plt.text(a, b, b, ha='center', va='bottom', fontsize=10) # 设置数据标签位置及大小
plt.legend(['走势']) # 设置折线名称
plt.savefig('一年变化图.jpg')
plt.show()
def paint(x, y,flag): # 小区上月价格折线图
plt.figure(figsize=(10, 5))
plt.title(flag) # 折线图标题
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei'] # 显示汉字
plt.xlabel('时间') # x轴标题
plt.ylabel('价格 (元/㎡)') # y轴标题
plt.plot(x, y, marker='o', markersize=5) # 绘制折线图，添加数据点，设置点的大小
for a, b in zip(x, y):
plt.text(a, b, b, ha='center', va='bottom', fontsize=10) # 设置数据标签位置及大小
plt.legend(['方案']) # 设置折线名称
plt.savefig(flag+'.jpg')
plt.show()
def getdata_txt(txt):
name = []
lastmon = []
nowmon = []
history_max = []
change = []
for line in txt.read().split("\n"):
lines = line.split(" ")
name.append(lines[0])
lastmon.append(int(lines[1]))
nowmon.append(int(lines[2]))
history_max.append(int(lines[3]))
front = int(lines[1])
end = int(lines[2])
if front > end:
temp = front - end
change.append(-round(float(temp / front), 4))
else:
temp = end - front
change.append(round(float(temp / front), 4))
return name, lastmon, nowmon, history_max, change
def main():
name = []
lastmon = []
nowmon = []
history_max = []
change = []
txt = open("data_up.txt", "r", encoding='utf-8')
name, lastmon, nowmon, history_max, change = getdata_txt(txt)
txt = open("data_down.txt", "r", encoding='utf-8')
name, lastmon, nowmon, history_max, change = getdata_txt(txt)
paint(name, lastmon,"上月房价图")
paint(name, nowmon,"本月房价图")
paint(name, history_max,"历史最高分布图")
paint(name, change,"增率变化图")
def get_first(s):
# 通过pinyin.get()拿到一个汉字的拼音,利用切片拿到首个字母
# 原因：url中间某个字段表示该网页是哪个城市
ans = ''
for i in s:
if i == '重':
ans = ans + 'c'
else:
ans = ans + pinyin.get(i)[0]
return ans
def get_really_time(time):
your_dt = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(int(time) / 1000)
return your_dt.strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
class reptile:
def __init__(self):
self.__city = '天津'
self.__header = {
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/96.0.4664.55 Safari/537.36 Edg/96.0.1054.43'
}
def up_data(self, city):
if city != '':
self.__city = city
else:
print('没有得到新的城市名。')
def write_in(self, data, *, fileName='', title='', time=False):
# 数据写入
flag = False
with open(fileName, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
if not title == '':
fp.write(title + '\n')
if time:
for i, j in data:
if flag:
fp.write('\n')
else:
flag = True
fp.write(str(get_really_time(i)) + ':')
fp.write(str(j))
else:
for i, j in data.items():
if flag:
fp.write('\n')
else:
flag = True
fp.write(i + ' ')
for k in j:
fp.write(k + ' ')
def show_all(self):
oneyear_m()
main()
def get_photo_data(self): # 获取目标城市的总体价格走势图的数据
url = 'http://' + get_first(self.__city) + '.fangjia.com/trend/yearData?'
param = {
'defaultCityName': self.__city,
'districtName': '',
'region': '',
'block': '',
'keyword': ''
}
res = requests.get(url=url, params=param, headers=self.__header).json()
data = res['series']
d = data[0]['data']
# 文件写入
self.write_in(d, fileName='zoushi.txt', time=True)
def get_which(self, choose='up'):
url = 'http://' + get_first(self.__city) + '.fangjia.com/zoushi'
page_txt = requests.get(url=url, headers=self.__header).text
if choose == 'up':
ex = '<div class="trend trend03">.*?<tbody>(.*?)<tbody>'
else:
ex = '<div class="trend trend03" style="border-bottom:none;">.*?<tbody>(.*?)</tbody>'
url_list = str(re.findall(ex, page_txt, re.S)[0])
ex = '<tr class=".*?">(.*?)</tr>'
all = str(re.findall(ex, url_list, re.S))
ex_name = '<td class="td02"><a href=".*?">(.*?)</a></td>'
ex_data = '<td>(.*?)</td>'
need_name = re.findall(ex_name, all, re.S)
need_data = re.findall(ex_data, all, re.S)
need_data = [i for i in need_data if not i == '元/㎡' and not i == '周度']
d = {}
i = 1
for house_name in need_name:
d[house_name] = need_data[4 * (i - 1):4 * i]
i += 1
self.write_in(d, fileName='data_' + choose + '.txt')
if __name__ == '__main__': # 程序入口
a = reptile()
postion = input("请输入城市\n")
print(get_first(postion))
if not os.path.exists (postion):
os.mkdir(postion)
os.chdir(postion)
a.up_data(postion)
a.get_which()
a.get_which('down')
a.get_photo_data()
a.show_all()
标签：plt,name,get,python,self,爬取,房价,txt,data 来源： https://blog.csdn.net/qq_43216483/article/details/121845971