C++ 学习之类模板与友元 (全局函数类内、类外实现)
作者:互联网
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全局函数类内实现 - 直接在类内声明友元即可(比较简单)
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全局函数类外实现 - 需要提前让编译器知道全局函数的存在(复杂了)
1、全局函数类内实现:
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
template<class T1, class T2>
class Person
{
//1、全局函数配合友元类内实现
friend void ShowPerson(Person<T1, T2>& p)//全局函数访问类内成员,直接写在类内即可
{
cout << "姓名:" << p.m_name << " " << "年龄:" << p.m_age << endl;
}
public:
Person(T1 name, T2 age);//默认构造函数声明
private:
T1 m_name;
T2 m_age;
};
template<class T1, class T2>
Person<T1, T2>::Person(T1 name, T2 age)//类外构造函数实现
{
this->m_name = name;
this->m_age = age;
}
int main()
{
Person<string, int> p("孙悟空", 100);
ShowPerson(p);
return 0;
}
2、全局函数类外实现:
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
//用到了Person这个数据类型,提前声明
template<class T1, class T2>
class Person;
//函数的定义要写在类前面,提前让编译器知道,写在类的后边就无法识别了
template<class T1, class T2>
void ShowPerson(Person<T1, T2>& p)
{
cout << "姓名:" << p.m_name << " " << "年龄:" << p.m_age << endl;
}
template<class T1, class T2>
class Person
{
//1、全局函数配合友元类内实现
//friend void ShowPerson(Person<T1, T2>& p)//全局函数访问类内成员,直接写在类内即可
//{
// cout << "姓名:" << p.m_name << " " << "年龄:" << p.m_age << endl;
//}
//2、全局函数类内声明,类外实现
friend void ShowPerson<>(Person<T1, T2>& p);//注意加 < >
public:
Person(T1 name, T2 age);//默认构造函数声明
private:
T1 m_name;
T2 m_age;
};
template<class T1, class T2>
Person<T1, T2>::Person(T1 name, T2 age)//类外构造函数实现
{
this->m_name = name;
this->m_age = age;
}
int main()
{
Person<string, int> p("孙悟空", 100);
ShowPerson(p);
return 0;
}
总结:
建议全局函数做类内实现,用法简单,而且编译器可以直接识别
标签:友元,name,age,C++,Person,类外,类内,全局,函数 来源: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44618297/article/details/120763104