phpspreadsheet 读取 Excel 表格问题
作者:互联网
要读取大量数据,需要 ReadFilter,指定读取范围,下面是我的 ReadFilter 类
<?php
namespace common\models;
class MyExcelReadFilter implements \PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Reader\IReadFilter
{
private $startRowNo; // 如 1
private $endRowNo; // 如 1000
private $startColNo; // 如 1
private $endColNo; // 如 50
public function __construct($startRowNo= 1, $endRowNo = 1000, $startColNo = 1, $endColNo = 50)
{
$this->startRowNo = $startRowNo;
$this->endRowNo = $endRowNo;
$this->startColNo = $startColNo;
$this->endColNo = $endColNo;
}
public function setRows($startRowNo, $rowCount)
{
$this->startRowNo = $startRowNo;
$this->endRowNo = $startRowNo + $rowCount - 1;
}
public function setColumns($startColNo, $columnCount)
{
$this->startColNo = $startColNo;
$this->endColNo = $startColNo + $columnCount - 1;
}
public function setColumnsByLetter($startColLetter, $endColLetter)
{
$this->startColNo = self::calcColNo($startColLetter);
$this->endColNo = self::calcColNo($endColLetter);
}
/**
* @inheritDoc
*/
public function readCell($column, $row, $worksheetName = '')
{
$colNo = self::calcColNo($column);
if ($row >= $this->startRowNo && $row <= $this->endRowNo &&
$colNo >= $this->startColNo && $colNo <= $this->endColNo) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
/**
* @param $colLetter string Excel表格中的列号,例如 'A'、'Z'、'AA'、'AZ'
* @return float|int 返回整数列号,从 1 开始,即 'A' 列 对应 1 列
*/
public static function calcColNo(string $colLetter)
{
$len = strlen($colLetter);
$colNo = 0; $weight = 1;
for ($i = $len-1; $i >= 0; --$i) {
$colNo += (ord($colLetter[$i]) - ord('A') + 1) * $weight;
$weight *= 26;
}
return $colNo;
}
/**
* @param int $colNo 整数列号,从 1 开始
* @return string 返回 Excel表格形式的列号,例如 'A'、'Z'、'AA'、'AZ',1列 对应 'A'列
*/
public static function calcColLetter(int $colNo)
{
$letters = range('A', 'Z'); // $letters[0] = 'A', $letters[25] = 'Z'
$colLetter = ''; $base = 26;
do {
--$colNo; // 改成基于下标 0
$r = $colNo % $base;
$colLetter = $letters[$r] . $colLetter;
$colNo = intval($colNo/$base); // 必须强制取整
} while ($colNo > 0);
return $colLetter;
}
}
参考 (34条消息) 使用phpspreadsheet导出数据时内存溢出处理_x554462的博客-CSDN博客_phpspreadsheet内存溢出xhttps://blog.csdn.net/x554462/article/details/89102800写了 FileCache 类 (经过测试发现 FileCache 可以一定程度避免内存溢出,但读取速度比较慢)
<?php
namespace common\models;
use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Reader\Exception;
class MyExcelFileCache implements \Psr\SimpleCache\CacheInterface
{
const CACHE_LINES = 3000;
private $cacheKeyDict = []; // 键字典
private $cache = []; // 一次性读取的数据装入该缓存,避免短期重复打开文件
private $fileHandleDict = []; // 文件指针字典
private $cacheDir; // 存放文件 cache 的目录
private $filePrefix; // 唯一性前缀保证文件名唯一性
/**
* 递归删除缓存目录
* @param $path string
*/
private function delCacheDir(string $path)
{
if (is_dir($path)) { // 确保 $path 是目录
foreach (scandir($path) as $f) { // 扫描该目录下每个 目录或文件
if (is_dir($path . $f)) { // 是子目录
if ($f != '.' && $f != '..') {
$this->delCacheDir($path . $f . '/'); // 递归删除子目录内部
@rmdir($path. $f . '/'); // 删除子目录本身
}
} else { // 是文件
@unlink($path. $f); // 删除文件
}
}
}
}
/**
* @param $key string
* @return string 根据 key 生成文件名
*/
private function getFilenameByKey($key)
{
$a = explode('.', $key);
$end = array_pop($a);
$dir = $this->cacheDir . implode('_', $a);
if (!is_dir($dir)) {
mkdir($dir, 0777, true);
}
$line = '';
$len = strlen($end);
for ($i = 0; $i < $len; $i++) {
if (is_numeric($end[$i])) $line.= $end[$i];
}
$suf = intval(round($line / self::CACHE_LINES));
return $dir . '/' . $this->filePrefix . $suf;
}
/**
* 根据键换算出文件名,然后到字典中查询文件指针
* @param $key string
* @return mixed|resource 文件指针
* @throws Exception
*/
private function getFileHandleByKey(string $key)
{
$filename = $this->getFilenameByKey($key);
if (!array_key_exists($filename, $this->fileHandleDict)) { // 字典中没有对应文件指针
$fp = fopen($filename, 'w+'); // 新建文件
if (!$fp) {
throw new Exception('生成缓存文件失败(MyExcelFileCache)');
}
$this->fileHandleDict[$filename] = $fp; // 向字典添加新建的指针
}
return $this->fileHandleDict[$filename]; // 返回字典中的指针
}
private function removeKeyPrefix($key)
{
return preg_replace('/^phpspreadsheet\./', '', $key); // 移除前缀 phpspreadsheet.
}
public function __construct($cacheDir)
{
$this->cacheDir = rtrim($cacheDir, '/') . '/';
$this->filePrefix = uniqid();
}
public function __destruct()
{
$this->clear();
}
/**
* @inheritDoc
*/
public function get($key, $default = null)
{
$key = $this->removeKeyPrefix($key);
if ($this->has($key)) { // 文件缓存的键字典中有该键 (即缓存过的)
$seek = $this->cacheKeyDict[$key]; // 取出在文件缓存中的定位信息
if (array_key_exists($key, $this->cache) && $this->cache[$key]['seek'] == $seek) { // cache数组中是否已经提取过
return $this->cache[$key]['data']; // 已经提取过,直接返回
}
$fp = $this->getFileHandleByKey($key); // 到文件指针字典中查询出文件指针
$this->cache = [];
fseek($fp, 0); // 定位到文件开头
while (!feof($fp)) {
$data = fgets($fp); // 读取一行
$data = json_decode(trim($data), 1); // 解码成关联数组
if ($data['key'] == $key && $data['seek'] == $seek) { // 该行对应这次查询的键,保存到 $default
$default = unserialize($data['data']);
}
$this->cache[$data['key']] = [ // 读取过程中,把所有行都缓存到 cache数组,避免短期反复打开该文件
'data' => unserialize($data['data']),
'seek' => $data['seek']
];
}
}
return $default;
}
/**
* @inheritDoc
*/
public function set($key, $value, $ttl = null)
{
$key = $this->removeKeyPrefix($key);
if ($this->has($key) && $this->get($key) == $value) return true; // 之前已经缓存过
$fp = $this->getFileHandleByKey($key); // 取出文件指针 (内容从未缓存或内容已经变更)
fseek($fp, 0, SEEK_END); // 定位到文件尾部
$seek = ftell($fp); // 获得文件指针位置
$this->cacheKeyDict[$key] = $seek; // 在字典登记该键 (键对应键,值为数据在文件缓存中的起始位置)
fwrite($fp, json_encode([
'key' => $key,
'data' => serialize($value),
'seek' => $seek
]).PHP_EOL); // 在文件缓存写入数据 (json编码的关联数组)
unset($value); // “释放”已经写入缓存的变量
return true;
}
/**
* @inheritDoc
*/
public function delete($key)
{
$key = $this->removeKeyPrefix($key);
unset($this->cacheKeyDict[$key]); // 从键字典释放该键
return true;
}
/**
* @inheritDoc
*/
public function clear()
{
$this->cacheKeyDict = []; // 键字典清空
foreach ($this->fileHandleDict as $fileHandle) { // 文件指针字典中所有文件关闭
isset($fileHandle) && fclose($fileHandle);
}
$this->delCacheDir($this->cacheDir); // 递归删除缓存目录
return true;
}
/**
* @inheritDoc
*/
public function getMultiple($keys, $default = null)
{
$result = [];
foreach ($keys as $key) $result[$key] = $this->get($key, $default);
return $result;
}
/**
* @inheritDoc
*/
public function setMultiple($values, $ttl = null)
{
foreach ($values as $key => $value) {
$this->set($key, $value);
}
return true;
}
/**
* @inheritDoc
*/
public function deleteMultiple($keys)
{
foreach ($keys as $key) $this->delete($key);
return true;
}
/**
* @inheritDoc
*/
public function has($key)
{
$key = $this->removeKeyPrefix($key);
return array_key_exists($key, $this->cacheKeyDict); // 缓存键字典中是否有该键
}
}
然后是自己的 3种 读取方式的类(直接读取、trunk方式循环读取、带FileCache读取)。这个类不完全通用,因为是针对特定问题处理的。
<?php
namespace common\models;
use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\IOFactory;
use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Reader\Xlsx;
use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Settings;
class MyExcelUtility
{
const CHUNK_SIZE = 1000;
public static function excelDateToDate(int $nDate, $format = 'Y-m-d')
{
return date($format, ($nDate-25569) * 86400); // Excel bug, 1900 年是闰年
}
public static function excelDateToUnixStamp(int $nDate)
{
return ($nDate-25569) * 86400;
}
/**
* 获得第一个 sheet 总的行数和列数
* @param $reader Xlsx IOFactory 创建的实例(根据后缀名创建不同类的实例)
* @param $filePath string
* @return array ['totalRows' => .., 'totalColumns' => ...]
*/
public static function getSheetInfo($reader, $filePath)
{
$info = $reader->listWorkSheetInfo($filePath);
return ['totalRows' => intval($info[0]['totalRows']), 'totalColumns' => intval($info[0]['totalColumns'])];
}
public static function read($filePath, $maxRowNo, $maxColNo, $inputFileType = 'Xlsx', $calcColNos = [3, 4])
{
$reader = IOFactory::createReader($inputFileType); // 创建指定类型的 reader
$reader->setReadDataOnly(true); // 非只读似乎有问题 Xlsx.php 884行 Illegal offset type 警告错误
$filterSubnet = new MyExcelReadFilter(1, $maxRowNo, 1, $maxColNo);
$reader->setReadFilter($filterSubnet); // 设定读取范围
$spreadsheet = $reader->load($filePath);
$result = [];
for ($rowNo = 1; $rowNo <= $maxRowNo; $rowNo++) {
for ($colNo = 1; $colNo <= $maxColNo; $colNo++) {
if (in_array($colNo, $calcColNos))
$result[$rowNo][$colNo] = $spreadsheet->getSheet(0)
->getCell(MyExcelReadFilter::calcColLetter($colNo) . $rowNo)
->getCalculatedValue(); // 都当作计算单元格读取可能比较慢,所以这里对这些列单独处理
else
$result[$rowNo][$colNo] = $spreadsheet->getSheet(0)
->getCell(MyExcelReadFilter::calcColLetter($colNo) . $rowNo)
->getValue();
}
}
$spreadsheet->__destruct();
$spreadsheet = null;
unset($spreadsheet); // 及时释放 $spreadsheet 对象有助于防止内存溢出
$reader = null;
unset($reader);
return $result;
}
public static function readWithTrunk($filePath, $maxRowNo, $maxColNo, $inputFileType = 'Xlsx',
$calcColNos = [3, 4], $chunkSize = self::CHUNK_SIZE)
{
$result = [];
for ($startRowNo = 1; $startRowNo <= $maxColNo; $startRowNo += $chunkSize) {
$reader = IOFactory::createReader($inputFileType);
$reader->setReadDataOnly(true);
$filterSubnet = new MyExcelReadFilter();
$reader->setReadFilter($filterSubnet);
$filterSubnet->setColumnsByLetter('A', 'AZ');
$filterSubnet->setRows($startRowNo, $chunkSize);
$spreadsheet = $reader->load($filePath);
for ($rowNo = 1; $rowNo <= $maxRowNo; $rowNo++) {
for ($colNo = 1; $colNo <= $maxColNo; $colNo++) {
if (in_array($colNo, $calcColNos))
$result[$rowNo][$colNo] = $spreadsheet->getSheet(0)
->getCell(MyExcelReadFilter::calcColLetter($colNo) . $rowNo)
->getCalculatedValue(); // 都当作计算单元格读取可能比较慢,所以这里对这些列单独处理
else
$result[$rowNo][$colNo] = $spreadsheet->getSheet(0)
->getCell(MyExcelReadFilter::calcColLetter($colNo) . $rowNo)
->getValue();
}
}
$spreadsheet->__destruct();
$spreadsheet = null;
unset($spreadsheet); // 及时释放 $spreadsheet 对象有助于防止内存溢出
$reader = null;
unset($reader);
}
return $result;
}
public static function readWithFileCache($filePath, $maxRowNo, $maxColNo, $inputFileType = 'Xlsx',
$calcColNos = [3, 4], $cacheDir = '/tmp/excel_cache')
{
Settings::setCache(new MyExcelFileCache($cacheDir));
$reader = IOFactory::createReader($inputFileType); // 创建指定类型的 reader
$reader->setReadDataOnly(true);
$filterSubnet = new MyExcelReadFilter(1, $maxRowNo, 1, $maxColNo);
$reader->setReadFilter($filterSubnet); // 设定读取范围
$spreadsheet = $reader->load($filePath);
$result = [];
for ($rowNo = 1; $rowNo <= $maxRowNo; $rowNo++) {
for ($colNo = 1; $colNo <= $maxColNo; $colNo++) {
if (in_array($colNo, $calcColNos))
$result[$rowNo][$colNo] = $spreadsheet->getSheet(0)
->getCell(MyExcelReadFilter::calcColLetter($colNo) . $rowNo)
->getCalculatedValue(); // 都当作计算单元格读取可能比较慢,所以这里对这些列单独处理
else
$result[$rowNo][$colNo] = $spreadsheet->getSheet(0)
->getCell(MyExcelReadFilter::calcColLetter($colNo) . $rowNo)
->getValue();
}
}
// $spreadsheet->__destruct(); // 不注释这句会造成 能读取完,但出现段错误
// $spreadsheet = null;
// unset($spreadsheet);
// $reader = null;
// unset($reader);
return $result;
}
public static function getHeaderRanger($result, $maxHeaderRows, $maxColNo) // 表头不超过 $maxHeaderRows 行 $maxColNo 列
{
$lastColNo = $maxColNo; $longestRowNo = -1;
while ($lastColNo >= 1) {
for ($rowNo = 1; $rowNo <= $maxHeaderRows; $rowNo++) {
if (!empty($result[$rowNo][$lastColNo])) {
$longestRowNo = $rowNo; break;
}
}
if ($longestRowNo > 0) break;
--$lastColNo;
}
return ['longestRowNo' => $longestRowNo, 'lastColNo' => $lastColNo];
}
}
测试代码
public function actionXlsx1()
{
$xlsxFile = User::getFilePath('test1.xlsx', '', true, '@backend/runtime');
$start = microtime(true);
$result = MyExcelUtility::read($xlsxFile, 500, 50);
$end = microtime(true);
for ($i = 1; $i <= 5; $i++) {
for ($j = 1; $j <= 20; $j++) {
echo $result[$i][$j]."\t";
}
echo PHP_EOL;
}
echo number_format($end - $start, 10). " sec for read\n"; // 1000段错误,无法得到结果 500 -> 29.4952
}
public function actionXlsx2()
{
$xlsxFile = User::getFilePath('test1.xlsx', '', true, '@backend/runtime');
$start = microtime(true);
$result = MyExcelUtility::readWithTrunk($xlsxFile, 1000, 50, 'Xlsx', [3,4], 400);
$end = microtime(true);
for ($i = 1; $i <= 5; $i++) {
for ($j = 1; $j <= 20; $j++) {
echo $result[$i][$j]."\t";
}
echo PHP_EOL;
}
echo number_format($end - $start, 10). " sec for read with trunk\n"; // 1000/400->40.4761 1000/240->39.2139 1000/500->39.5506
}
public function actionXlsx3()
{
$xlsxFile = User::getFilePath('test1.xlsx', '', true, '@backend/runtime');
$start = microtime(true);
$result = MyExcelUtility::readWithFileCache($xlsxFile, 1000, 50);
$end = microtime(true);
for ($i = 1; $i <= 5; $i++) {
for ($j = 1; $j <= 20; $j++) {
echo $result[$i][$j]."\t";
}
echo PHP_EOL;
}
echo number_format($end - $start, 10). " sec for read with file cache\n"; // 51.2165
}
总结:
在3个readXxx函数中,如果没有 $reader->setReadDataOnly(true) ,即设置为只读,在 Xlsx.php 文件的 884行 会出现 Illegal offset type 信息的php警告错误
仔细核对了github上的代码,发现已经fix了,哈哈,就是 $comment['authorId'] 是一个对象,作为数组的键会出这个错误,github上已经前面加了 (int)强制类型转换了
对于带FileCache的读取函数,读取完成后不能使用 $spreadsheet->__destruct(); 去释放内存,如果这么做,会出现段错误 (内存越界之类)。FileCache实例对象是被动被reader使用的,即读取前设置而已。
直接读取方式还是比较容易出现段错误的,我的例子中,虚拟机ubuntu18.04 内存8GB php7.2 控制台命令方式 50列 1000行就出现段错误,500行不会。500行耗时29.4952秒。
Trunk方式读取,也就是循环读取释放的方式,参考Reading large File increases Execution time & Memory (E.g file with 500000 records) · Issue #629 · PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet · GitHubhttps://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/629
,不会出现段错误,而且在3种里面似乎效率最高。测试中,1000行分400行一次,耗时40.4761秒,分240行一次,39.2139行,分500行一次,39.5506行,基本上无差别,这似乎表明,时间并不是耗费在重复打开解压同一个文件上(Xlsx等带x的Office文件都是zip文件),而是耗费在解析这些单元格上。(10000行,400行一次,耗时473.7826秒)
带FileCache读取,1000行耗时51.2165秒(10000行耗时598.8875秒),没有速度优势,不过可以避免内存耗尽。另外,如果需要纵向的大量数据的公式计算,也只能用这种方式。
标签:function,return,读取,Excel,phpspreadsheet,key,reader,colNo,public 来源: https://blog.csdn.net/sjg20010414/article/details/120365193