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树莓派-Raspbian初始化配置

2021-08-18 14:33:51 作者：互联网

1. 下载并烧写系统镜像到TF卡
- RaspberryPi Imager
2. 开启基础服务
- 2.1 Remote-ssh
  - macOS / Linux
  - WIndows
- 2.2. 配置WiFi自动连接
3. 更改用户名及密码
- sudo raspi-config
- 开启root用户 sudo passwd root
4. 更新系统
5. 安装pip3
6. 安装docker
7. 挂载U盘/移动硬盘
- 7.1 格式化硬盘
- 7.2 挂载硬盘
  - 7.2.1 临时挂载
  - 7.2.2 永久挂载
8. 备份系统镜像

1. 下载并烧写系统镜像到TF卡

RaspberryPi Imager

下载地址

2. 开启基础服务

2.1 Remote-ssh

Raspbian buster默认不开启ssh server服务，需要在TF卡根目录boot下新建ssh文件

macOS / Linux

touch ssh

WIndows

在TF卡根目录下新建一个txt文件，并重命名为ssh（不保留后缀名）。

2.2. 配置WiFi自动连接

在TF卡根目录boot下新建wpa_supplicant.conf，并输入以下配置：

country=CN
ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=netdev
update_config=1
network={
        ssid="XXXX"  #你的无线网络名称
        psk="XXX"     #你的无线网络密码
        priority=5
}

3. 更改用户名及密码

`sudo raspi-config`

开启root用户 `sudo passwd root`

4. 更新系统

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo apt -y update
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo apt -y upgrade
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo apt autoremove

5. 安装pip3

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo apt install python3-pip

升级pip3

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo pip3 install -–upgrade pip

安装awscli

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo pip3 install awscli

安装docker-compose

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo pip3 install docker-compose

6. 安装docker

6.1 使用安装脚本

官方脚本

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com -o get-docker.sh
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo sh get-docker.sh

阿里云镜像脚本

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com -o get-docker.sh
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo sh get-docker.sh --mirror=Aliyun

手动安装

Install Docker Engine

6.2 配置docker镜像加速

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ cat /etc/docker/daemon.json 
{
  "registry-mirrors": [
      "https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/",
	  "https://hub-mirror.c.163.com/"
	]
}

备选镜像源：

科大镜像：https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/
网易：https://hub-mirror.c.163.com/
七牛云加速器：https://reg-mirror.qiniu.com
阿里云：https://<你的ID>.mirror.aliyuncs.com (推荐，获取专属加速地址)

重启docker服务

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo systemctl daemon-reload
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo systemctl restart docker

7. 挂载U盘/移动硬盘

7.1 格式化硬盘

7.1.1 查看硬盘信息

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo fdisk -l
Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 29.8 GiB, 32010928128 bytes, 62521344 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x90f2d69d

Device         Boot  Start      End  Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/mmcblk0p1        8192   532479   524288  256M  c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/mmcblk0p2      532480 62521343 61988864 29.6G 83 Linux

Disk /dev/sda: 1.8 TiB, 2000398931968 bytes, 3907029164 sectors
Disk model: External USB 3.0
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x5e03fb62

Device     Boot Start        End    Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/sda1        2048 3907023023 3907020976  1.8T  7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT

可以看到待挂载硬盘/dev/sda1

7.1.2 格式化硬盘

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo fdisk /dev/sda1

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.33.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

# 删除硬盘原分区
Command (m for help): d
Selected partition 1
Partition 1 has been deleted.

# 添加硬盘新分区
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended (container for logical partitions)
# 添加分区，默认的分区格式是 primary
Select (default p):

Using default response p.
# 分区号默认 1
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
# 指定分区的起始扇区，一般默认 2048
First sector (2048-62668799, default 2048):
# 指定分区的终止扇区，一般默认最大值
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-62668799, default 62668799):

Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 1.8 TiB.
Partition #1 contains a vfat signature.

# 询问删除签名，确认：y
Do you want to remove the signature? [Y]es/[N]o: y

The signature will be removed by a write command.

# 保存修改
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

7.1.3 复查硬盘信息

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo fdisk -l
Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 29.8 GiB, 32010928128 bytes, 62521344 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x90f2d69d

Device         Boot  Start      End  Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/mmcblk0p1        8192   532479   524288  256M  c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/mmcblk0p2      532480 62521343 61988864 29.6G 83 Linux

Disk /dev/sda: 1.8 TiB, 2000398931968 bytes, 3907029164 sectors
Disk model: External USB 3.0
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x5e03fb62

Device     Boot Start        End    Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/sda1        2048 3907023023 3907020976  1.8T  7 Linux

7.1.4 格式化文件系统

Make a Linux filesystem.

mkfs [options] [-t <type>] [fs-options] <device> [<size>]

device ：预备检查的硬盘分区，例如：/dev/sda1
-V : 详细显示模式
-t : 给定档案系统的型式，Linux 的预设值为 ext2，可选ext4 / ext3 / reiserfs / ext2 / fat32 / msdos
-c : 在制做档案系统前，检查该partition 是否有坏轨
-l bad_blocks_file : 将有坏轨的block资料加到 bad_blocks_file 里面
block : 给定 block 的大小

e.g. sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1

7.2 挂载硬盘

7.2.1 临时挂载

# 临时挂载到/mnt
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt
# 查看挂载情况
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ df -h
Filesystem      Size   Used   Avail   Use% Mounted on
/dev/root        30G   2.0G   26G    8%   /
devtmpfs        341M   0       341M  0%   /dev
tmpfs             373M  0       373M  0%   /dev/shm
tmpfs             373M  9.8M  364M  3%   /run
tmpfs             5.0M   4.0K   5.0M   1%   /run/lock
tmpfs             373M     0     373M  0%   /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1       1.9T    432G   1.4T    24% /mnt

7.2.2 永久挂载

Debian 使用 UUID 来实现硬盘自动挂载。通过blkid来查看/dev/sda1的UUID

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo blkid
/dev/mmcblk0p1: LABEL_FATBOOT="boot" LABEL="boot" UUID="5DE4-665C" TYPE="vfat" PARTUUID="90f2d69d-01"
/dev/mmcblk0p2: LABEL="rootfs" UUID="7295bbc3-bbc2-4267-9fa0-099e10ef5bf0" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="90f2d69d-02"
/dev/mmcblk0: PTUUID="90f2d69d" PTTYPE="dos"
/dev/sda1: LABEL="Win" UUID="E6FEF4E4FEF4ADC5" TYPE="ntfs" PARTUUID="5e03fb62-01"

添加挂载点，配置自动挂载

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo vim /etc/fstab
proc            /proc           proc    defaults          0       0
PARTUUID=90f2d69d-01  /boot           vfat    defaults          0       2
PARTUUID=90f2d69d-02  /               ext4    defaults,noatime  0       1
# a swapfile is not a swap partition, no line here
#   use  dphys-swapfile swap[on|off]  for that
UUID="E6FEF4E4FEF4ADC5" /mnt ntfs defaults 0 0

配置完成后，可以sudo reboot，并使用df -h检查自动挂载情况。

8. 备份系统镜像

制作树苺派SD卡备份镜像——树苺派系统备份与还原指南

标签：初始化,树莓,pi,sudo,bytes,dev,raspberrypi,512,Raspbian
来源： https://www.cnblogs.com/polinhuang/p/15156585.html