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python自学笔记——第三章:列表简介

作者:互联网

  1. 修改列表元素:要修改列表元素可指定列表名和要修改的元素的索引,在指定该元素的新值
    transportations = ['car' , 'bicycle' , 'motorcycle']
    print(transportations)  
    transportations[0] = 'train'
    print(transportations)  
    
    
    输出:
    ['car', 'bicycle', 'motorcycle']
    ['train', 'bicycle', 'motorcycle']
  2.  在列表中添加元素
    1.在列表末尾添加元素,append:
    transportations = ['car' , 'bicycle' , 'motorcycle']
    print(transportations)
    transportations.append('train')
    print(transportations)
    
    输出:
    ['car', 'bicycle', 'motorcycle']
    ['car', 'bicycle', 'motorcycle', 'train']

    方法:可以先传建一个空列表,再使用一系列函数调用append()来添加元素,例如:

    transportations = []
    transportations.append('car')
    transportations.append('bicycle')
    transportations.append('motorcycle')

    这种方法很常见,因为经常要等到程序运行后,我们才知道用户要在程序中存储哪些数据。为控制用户,可以首先创建一个空列表,用于存储用户将要输入的值,然后将用户提供的每个新值附加到列表中

    2.在列表中插入元素
    在列表中任意位置添加新的元素,insert():
    transportations = ['car' , 'bicycle' , 'motorcycle']
    print(transportations)
    transportations.insert(1,'train')
    print(transportations)
    
    
    输出:
    ['car', 'bicycle', 'motorcycle']
    ['car', 'train', 'bicycle', 'motorcycle']

    注意:上述两种方法都是永久修改!!!

  3. 从列表中删除元素
    1.知道索引下的删除del,例如:
    transportations = ['car' , 'bicycle' , 'motorcycle']
    print(transportations)
    del transportation[1]
    print(transportations)
    
    输出:
    ['car', 'bicycle', 'motorcycle']
    ['car', 'motorcycle']

    当我们要将元素从列表中删除,并接着使用它的值,是可以用pop()方法删除列表末尾的的元素,并能够接着使用它

    transportations = ['car' , 'bicycle' , 'motorcycle']
    print(transportations)
    popped_transportation = transportation.pop()
    print(popped_transportation)
    print(transportations)
    
    输出:
    ['car', 'bicycle', 'motorcycle']
    motorcycle
    ['car', 'bicycle']

    事实上,若我们采用在pop()方法中指定参数的方式,可以删除列表中任意位置的元素,并接着使用。只需要在圆括号中指定要删除的元素索引即可,例如:

    transportations = ['car' , 'bicycle' , 'motorcycle']
    print(transportations)
    popped_transportation = transportations.pop(1)
    print(popped_transportation)
    print(transportations)
    
    输出:
    ['car', 'bicycle', 'motorcycle']
    bicycle
    ['car', 'motorcycle']

    如果我们不知道要删除元素的索引,而知道元素的值,此时我们可以用remove的方法,例如:

    transportations = ['car' , 'bicycle' , 'motorcycle']
    print(transportations)
    transportations.remove('bicycle')
    print(transportations)
    
    输出:
    ['car', 'bicycle', 'motorcycle']
    ['car', 'motorcycle']

       在上例中是采用参数直接传递的方式,当然,也可以通过变量来传递参数,例如:

    transportations = ['car' , 'bicycle' , 'motorcycle']
    print(transportations)
    whatiwanttodelete = 'bicycle'
    transportations.remove(whatiwanttodelete)
    print(transportations)

    也可以达到同样的效果,这样做的好处是我们可以像使用pop()一样,接着使用这个被删除的元素,但需要注意的是,这二者的实现原理是完全不一样的!注意:remove()只能删除第一个指定的值!如果删除的值在列表中出现多次,就需要使用循环来确保将每个值都删除!

  1. 使用方法sort()对列表永久排序
    1.按照字母顺序排列,例如:
    transportations = ['car' , 'bicycle' , 'motorcycle']
    print(transportations)
    transportations.sort()
    print(transportations)
    
    输出:
    ['car', 'bicycle', 'motorcycle']
    ['bicycle', 'car', 'motorcycle']
    
    2.按照与字母顺序相反的顺序排列元素,只需在使用sort()时传递参数reverse,使reverse = True即可
    transportations = ['car' , 'bicycle' , 'motorcycle']
    print(transportations)
    transportations.sort(reverse = True)
    print(transportations)
    
    输出:
    ['car', 'bicycle', 'motorcycle']
    ['motorcycle', 'car', 'bicycle']

    注意:对列表的修改是永久性的!!!

  2. 使用方法sorted()对列表临时排序

    transportations = ['car' , 'bicycle' , 'motorcycle']
    print(transportations)
    print(sorted(transportations))
    print(transportations)
    
    输出:
    ['car', 'bicycle', 'motorcycle']
    ['bicycle', 'car', 'motorcycle']
    ['car', 'bicycle', 'motorcycle']
    
    若要按照与字母顺序相反的顺序排列元素,只需在使用sorted()时传递参数reverse,使reverse = True即可

    可见,函数sorted()并没有改变列表元素的原始顺序,如果想通过sorted()永久改变列表,需要将调用sorted()后的列表传递给原始列表,如下:

    transportations = sorted(transportations)

    注意:在并非所有的值都是小写时,按字母顺序排列列表元素要复杂些。此时在决定排列顺序时,有多种解读大写字母的方式。

  3. 倒着打印列表元素reverse()

    transportations = ['car' , 'bicycle' , 'motorcycle']
    print(transportations)
    transportations.reverse()
    print(transportations)
    
    输出:
    ['car', 'bicycle', 'motorcycle']
    ['motorcycle', 'bicycle', 'car']
    

    注意:reverse()不是按照字母顺序颠倒顺序,而只是将列表元素反转而已!!!如果想要恢复到原来的顺序只需要再次调用reverse即可。

  4. 确定列表长度len()

    transportations = ['car' , 'bicycle' , 'motorcycle']
    print(transportations)
    print(len(transportations))
    
    输出:
    ['car', 'bicycle', 'motorcycle']
    3

标签:transportations,bicycle,python,car,列表,motorcycle,print,第三章,自学
来源: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_46563048/article/details/119136138