Python基础——#3操作列表
作者:互联网
#3操作列表
遍历列表 for
Python的for循环语法结构 for a in b: #a是列表b中的一个元素。(不要忘记冒号)
for循环执行过程:先取 b中第一个值,存储与a中,然后执行for循环里的代码;由于b中还有其他值,则继续执行for,直到b中的值均遍历一遍为止。
countries=['china','korean','british','american','australian']
for country in countries:
print(country)
运行结果:
china
korean
british
american
australian
同样可以搭配第一章内容使用
print("\n\n\n")
countries=['china','korean','british','american','australian']
for country in countries:
print(country.title()+" is a country!")
运行结果:
China is a country!
Korean is a country!
British is a country!
American is a country!
Australian is a country!
for循环中可以包含多条语句
Python中不用{ }来限制for循环的循环体,而是通过对齐方式的不同,来确定循环体内和外
For instance
print("\n\n\n")
countries=['china','korean','british','american','australian']
for country in countries:
print(country.title()+" is a country!")
print(country.upper()+" is a name of a country!")
print("That's all thank you!"+country)
运行结果:
China is a country!
CHINA is a name of a country!
Korean is a country!
KOREAN is a name of a country!
British is a country!
BRITISH is a name of a country!
American is a country!
AMERICAN is a name of a country!
Australian is a country!
AUSTRALIAN is a name of a country!
That's all thank you!australian
最后一句未缩进所以只执行一次,而最后的australian你知道为什么吗?
因为在for循环执行的时候,country的最后一次赋值是australian,所以在下一次输出时自然输出的时australian。
同时我们还发现,缩进在Python程序中非常重要,缩进错误或许不会导致语法错误,但将会导致程序逻辑错误。
至此,我们学习的语法规则,只有for循环的循环体语句需要缩进,之后还有哪些语句需要缩进呢,让我们拭目以待!
创建数字列表
range()
for value in range(1,5):
print(value)
Result:
1
2
3
4
没有出现数字 5 ,故猜测range()的工作原理是,1<=x<5
`list()
使用list()可以将range()的值直接转化为列表
numbers=list(range(1,5))
print(numbers)
Result:
[1, 2, 3, 4]
range()函数还可以指定 步长
print("\n\n\n")
for value in range(1,7,2):
print(value)
Result:
1
3
5
扩展想象力,range可以创建任何需要的数字集
1-10的平方
squares=[]
for value in range(1,11):
square = value**2
squares.append(square)
print(squares)
Result:
[1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100]
以上代码还可以进行简化
squares=[]
for value in range(1,11):
squares.append(value**2)
print(squares)
统计数字列表
squares=[1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100]
min_squares=min(squares)
max_squares=max(squares)
sum_squares=sum(squares)
print(min_squares)
print(max_squares)
print(sum_squares)
Result:
1
100
385
列表解析
化简以上代码
squares=[value**2 for value in range(1,11)]
print(squares)
Result:
[1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100]
使用列表的一部分
切片
列表名[起始索引,终止索引+1]
squares=[1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100]
print(squares[0:3])
Result:
[1, 4, 9]
若冒号前为指定起始索引,则默认从列表头开始;
若冒号后未指定终止索引,则默认到表尾。
squares=[1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100]
print(squares[:4])
print(squares[2:])
Result:
[1, 4, 9, 16]
[9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100]
-2则从倒数第二位开始
print(squares[-2:])
Result:
[81, 100]
每个切片就相当于一个子列表,子列表也可以通过for循环遍历
squares=[1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100]
for square in squares[3:8]:
print(square)
print("That's end of the FOR")
Result:
16
25
36
49
64
That's end of the FOR
复制列表
将切片的起始索引和末尾索引都为空[:]
squares=[1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100]
s_squares=squares[:]
print(s_squares)
Result:
[1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100]
元组(不可变的列表)
元组与列表的区别是用圆括号来表示
dimensions=(200,50,40,10)
print(dimensions[0])
print(dimensions[-1])
Result:
200
10
试图修改元组的值就会报错
遍历元组
for dimension in dimensions:
print(dimension)
Result:
200
50
40
10
修改元组变量
元组宗旨,要么不变,要么全变
不可修改元组的元素,但可以给存储元组的变量重新赋值。
dimensions=(200,50,40,10)
for dimension in dimensions:
print(dimension)
print("\n")
dimensions=(40,2,86,3)
for dimension in dimensions:
print(dimension)
Result:
200
50
40
10
40
2
86
3
标签:Python,country,列表,range,Result,print,操作,squares 来源: https://blog.csdn.net/AlanVictory/article/details/118656337