语法长难句——并列句
作者：互联网
1，什么是并列句？ 就是在两个句子间加一个连词
I love you , you love that dog . (错误）
变成并列句： I love you but you love that dog
He always takes everything seriously , so he can achieve success effortlessly . （因果）
2,
（一）常见的并列连词：（平行转折要选择，递进才会有因果）
平行关系： and ; not only …but also ; either…or 既不 也不
转折关系：but ; yet ; while ; whereas （均表示但是）
选择关系：or ; whether…or
因果关系：for ; so
递进关系：（没有连词，只有副词） then
（二）与并列连词同义的其它逻辑关系词
平行:（1）副词 similarly , equally , likewise , simultaneously
(2)介词短语： at the same time , in the meanwhile
转折： (1）副词： however , nevertheless ; conversely ; contrarily ; unfornately ; nonetheless ；unexpectedly
（2）介词短语：on the contrary ; in / by contrast
选择： （1）副词 alternatively
因果： （1） 副词：therefore ,thus ,consequently（接下来的）
(2)介词短语：as a result , as a consequence
递进：（1）副词： besides , additionally ,subsequently (接下来的）
(2) 介词短语 ： in addition
（三）连词与副词，介词短语的区别
当用连词连接两个句子，前面有无逗号均可但不能为句号，
其他的逻辑关系词前，要么用句号断成两个句子，或者加and
（只有连词可以直接连两个句子，用副词和介词短语时，要么前一句用“.” 分割两个句子，副词表示两个句子的关系，再或者在副词前加个无实意的and ）
eg: Friends coming from afar ( ) it is a joy for me .
Friends coming from afar, so it is a joy for me
Friends coming from afar.Consequently it is a joy for me
Friends coming from afar and consequently it is a joy for me
eg: 很多人都想不劳而获，也许他们忽略了没有牺牲就没有好的结果。
A host of people desire to achieve what they want without any work ,whereas they may just ignore that nothing good comes without sacrifice .
三，并列句的应用
（一）写作
写作的时候只要上下文有逻辑关系，就一定要用逻辑关系词。
eg： 你还记得那天吗？我没有通过四级考试，一个人在雨中哭泣，这时候你来到我的身边，拍拍我的肩膀告诉我，人生没有终点。
Do you still remember that day ?
I failed to pass CET 4
As a result , I was shedding tears in the rain
At the very moment ,you came up to me and touched my shoulder.
Then you told me " there is no destination in the life "
养宠物的缺点是什么？
Pets can be injurious to their neighbors or strangers .
Pets usually make our home environment rather nasty .
Pets can not only be injurious to their neighbors or strangers but also make our home environment rather terrible .
既然盗版光盘对于大学生来说很容易得到，那为什么我们还要支持正版呢？（注意 翻译时不能开头就用 although 这样会让前面的句子变成从句，而连词要连接两个句子）
Pirated discs are easy to be available for university students , and therefore why do we support the genuine ones ?
(二） 长难句分析
1）并列举的省略
并列举的对称性：
词性对称：并列连词前后的词性，单复数，时态和语态一致
He went shopping , bought some gifts and visited his old friend .
Humans can learn languages by making mistakes and correcting them .
结构对称： 连词连接的句子结构要保持一致
On 14th February ,2,a BFF( Best Friend Forever ) of mine from high school got married , and then I realized the fleeting time .
The little boy found a thief and the called the police at once .
(2）并列句的省略
省略成分
a，省略主谓
He is not only a nice teacher in class but (he is ) nice friend to his students in private .
b,省略be动词
Failing hips can be replaced , clinical depression (can be ) controlled , and cataracts (can be ) removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure . (胯骨可以重新被接上，忧郁症可以被控制，白内障在外科手术下可以被移除）
c，省略主语
He is rich ,but (he) leads a modest life .
d, 省略重复的成分
Do you still remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we did not know(smoking would kill us ) for sure ?
**如何查找省略的内容
省略的都是连词后的内容，并列连词后的成分，前面大多有，所以在连词后找不到，就向前找。
如果连词后只有一个成分，连词前一定能找到它的对应成分；
如果连词后有多个成分，不一定每一个成分都能在连词前找到相应的成分，但是至少能找到一个对应成分。
I was beaten and you ( were beaten) too
四，长难句分析
分析长难句的步骤
（1）找主句的谓语动词（注意有引导词的句子中的动词不是谓语）
（2）找连词（连词连接两个单词就不需要找，只找句子的连词）
（3）找定语
（4）找状语
（a）Under modern conditions , this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.
目前，这需要中央控制的各种措施，所以这也需要专家的帮助如经济学家和操作专家
解析 谓语动词（require） 连词（ 第一个and 因为第二个and前后都是名词就不看）
连词and + help (名词) +of specialized (定语）
因此前面结构也应该是 名词+定语的形式
measure（名词） + centralized （定语） 找出缺少的部分就是省略了（this requires）
（b）The data suggest , for example , that physically attractive individuals are more likely to be treated well by their parents ,sought out as friends , and pursued romantically .
数据显示，颜值高的人更容易受到父母的宠爱，（更容易）交到朋友，（更容易）受到他人的追求。
解析：主语（The data ) +谓语（suggest） 连词 （and）
连词后and 有 pursued （ Ved） + romantically （副词做状语）
则前面也一定是 ved+状语的形式
treated+well by their parents (状语）
sought out+as friend （状语）
（c）There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research technique appropriate to the various branches of historical .
那是没有一致观点的，方法论指的是一般的历史研究所特有的概念 ，还是适合于各个历史研究的研究方法
解析： 连词 whether …or …
or 后+to （介词） + 名词research + 定语
所以or前也一定是 介词+名词+定语的形式
（d）Until these issues are resolved , a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected , and with it possible the only way to solve our problems .
直到这些问题被解决，行为技术将继续被拒绝，同时解决我们问题的唯一方式也将被拒绝
解析：
代词指代题的做题方法：就近原则（谁近就是谁）和一致原则（语法上的一致和意思上的一致）
（e) As families move away from their stable community , their friends of many years , and their extended family relationships , the informal flow of information is cut off , and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable .
随着家人搬离他们稳定的社区，搬离他们多年的朋友，搬离大家庭关系，这种非正式的信息流就被切断了，而当需要的时候我们就能得到这些信息的令人信服的自信也随之消失了
解析
and+with it（介词短语）+confidence（名词）+that（定语从句）
对应前面
the informal flow （名词）+of information (定语）+is cut off （动词短语）
（f）In the American economy , the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights ,including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual .
在美国经济中，私有财产的概念不仅包括了生产资料的所有权，还有决定一个产品价格的权力和另外一个人自由签订合同的权力。
标签：定语,副词,省略,介词,句子,语法,连词,并列句,难句 来源： https://blog.csdn.net/haorenzz9/article/details/117188282