iOS进阶_KVC(&KVC赋值取值过程分析&KVC自定义&异常处理)
作者:互联网
KVC(Key-value coding)
键值编码
基本使用
- 能够对对象的私有成员进行取值赋值
- 对数值和结构体型的属性进行的打包解包处理
实例:
WTPerson.h
#import@interface WTPerson : NSObject{ // @public //@protect默认 NSString * _name; } /** name **/ //@property(nonatomic,strong)NSString * name; @end 复制代码
ViewController.m
#import "ViewController.h" #import "WTPerson.h" @interface ViewController () @property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UITextField *text; @end @implementation ViewController - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; WTPerson * p = [WTPerson new]; //访问成员变量 //p.name = @"wt"; //NSLog(@"%@",p.name); //访问私有变量(必须要要设置为public才可访问) //p->_name = @"wt"; //NSLog(@"%@",p->_name); //KVC(即使不用public修饰,也可以访问私有变量) [p setValue:@"wt" forKey:@"name"]; NSLog(@"%@",[p valueForKey:@"name"]); [self.text setValue:[UIColor redColor] forKeyPath:@"_placeholderLabel.textColor"]; } 复制代码
KVC赋值取值过程分析和自定义及异常处理
赋值过程
- 1、先找相关方法set
- 2、若是没有相关方法+(BOOL)accessInstanceVariablesDirectly判断是否可以直接访问成员变量
- 3、如果判断NO,直接执行KVC的setValue:forUndefinedKey:(系统抛出一个异常,未定义key)
- 4、如果是YES,继续找相关变量_
- 5、方法或成员都不存在,setValue:forUndefinedKey:方法默认是抛出异常
实例验证
WTPerson.h
#import@interface WTPerson : NSObject{ @public //@protect默认 NSString * _name; NSString * _isName; NSString * name; NSString * isName; } @end 复制代码
WTPerson.m
#import "WTPerson.h" @implementation WTPerson -(void)setName:(NSString *)name{ NSLog(@"%s",__func__); } -(void)_setName:(NSString *)name{ NSLog(@"%s",__func__); } -(void)setIsName:(NSString *)name{ NSLog(@"%s",__func__); } @end 复制代码
ViewController.m
#import "ViewController.h" #import "WTPerson.h" @interface ViewController () @end @implementation ViewController - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; WTPerson * p = [WTPerson new]; //验证KVC赋值过程 [p setValue:@"wt" forKey:@"name"]; NSLog(@"name = %@",p->name); NSLog(@"_name = %@",p->_name); NSLog(@"isname = %@",p->isName); NSLog(@"_isname = %@",p->_isName); } @end 复制代码
运行程序,我们把WTPerson.m中的-(void)setName:(NSString *)name、-(void)_setName:(NSString *)name、-(void)setIsName:(NSString *)name三个方法依次注释,我们发现三个方法都会被依次执行。
然后我们把WTPerson.h中的NSString * _name;、NSString * _isName;、NSString * name;、NSString * isName;依次注释,我们会发现4个属性依次被赋值。
在WTPerson.m中我们让accessInstanceVariablesDirectly返回NO,则程序直接崩溃。
+ (BOOL)accessInstanceVariablesDirectly{ return NO; } 复制代码
取值过程
- 1、先找相关方法get
- 2、若没有相关方法,+(BOOL)accessInstanceVariabkesDirectly判断是否可以直接访问成员变量
- 3、如果是NO,直接执行KVC的valueForUndefinedKey:(系统抛出一个异常,未定义key)
- 4、如果是YES,继续找相关变量_
- 5、方法或成员都不存在,valueForUndefineKey:方法,默认是抛出异常
实例验证
WTPerson.m
#import "WTPerson.h" @implementation WTPerson //- (NSString*) getName{ // NSLog(@"%s",__func__); // return @"getName"; //} - (NSString*) name { return @"name"; } //+ (BOOL)accessInstanceVariablesDirectly{ // return NO; //} @end 复制代码
ViewController.m
#import "ViewController.h" #import "WTPerson.h" @interface ViewController () @property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UITextField *text; @end @implementation ViewController - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; WTPerson * p = [WTPerson new]; //验证KVC取值过程 NSLog(@"name = %@",[p valueForKey:@"name"]); } @end 复制代码
取值方式与赋值方式大致相同。
KVC自定义
自定义KVC代码实现
创建分类NSObject+KVC
NSObject+KVC.h
#import@interface NSObject (KVC) - (void)wt_setValue:(nullable id)value forKey:(NSString *)key; - (id)wt_valueForKey:(NSString *)key; @end 复制代码
NSObject+KVC.m
#import "NSObject+KVC.h" #import@implementation NSObject (KVC) - (id)wt_valueForKey:(NSString *)key{ //判断是否合法 if (key == nil && key.length ==0) { return nil; } //Key NSString * Key = key.capitalizedString; //先找相关方法 get,key NSString * getKey = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"get%@:",Key]; if ([self respondsToSelector:NSSelectorFromString(getKey)]) { return [self performSelector:NSSelectorFromString(getKey)]; } if ([self respondsToSelector:NSSelectorFromString(key)]) { return [self performSelector:NSSelectorFromString(key)]; } if (![self.class accessInstanceVariablesDirectly]) { NSException * exception = [NSException exceptionWithName:@"NSUnknownKeyException" reason:@"setValue:forUndefineKey" userInfo:nil]; @throw exception; } //再找相关变量 //获取所有的成员变量 unsigned int count = 0; Ivar * ivars = class_copyIvarList([self class], &count); NSMutableArray * arr = [[NSMutableArray alloc]init]; for (int i = 0; i<count; i++) { Ivar var = ivars[i]; const char * varName = ivar_getName(var); NSString *name = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:varName]; [arr addObject:name]; } //__isisfor (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { NSString *keyName = arr[i]; if ([keyName isEqualToString:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"_%@",key]]) { return object_getIvar(self, ivars[i]); } } for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { NSString *keyName = arr[i]; if ([keyName isEqualToString:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"_is%@",Key]]) { return object_getIvar(self, ivars[i]); } } for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { NSString *keyName = arr[i]; if ([keyName isEqualToString:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@",key]]) { return object_getIvar(self, ivars[i]); } } for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { NSString *keyName = arr[i]; if ([keyName isEqualToString:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"is%@",Key]]) { return object_getIvar(self, ivars[i]); } } free(ivars); return nil; } - (void)wt_setValue:(nullable id)value forKey:(NSString *)key{ //判断是否合法 if (key == nil && key.length ==0) { return; } //Key NSString * Key = key.capitalizedString; //先找相关方法 set; _set; setIs; NSString * setKey = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"set%@:",Key]; if ([self respondsToSelector:NSSelectorFromString(setKey)]) { [self performSelector:NSSelectorFromString(setKey) withObject:value]; return; } NSString * _setKey = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"_set%@:",Key]; if ([self respondsToSelector:NSSelectorFromString(_setKey)]) { [self performSelector:NSSelectorFromString(_setKey) withObject:value]; return; } NSString * setIsKey = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"setIs%@:",Key]; if ([self respondsToSelector:NSSelectorFromString(setIsKey)]) { [self performSelector:NSSelectorFromString(setIsKey) withObject:value]; return; } if (![self.class accessInstanceVariablesDirectly]) { NSException * exception = [NSException exceptionWithName:@"NSUnknownKeyException" reason:@"setValue:forUndefineKey" userInfo:nil]; @throw exception; } //再找相关变量 //获取所有的成员变量 unsigned int count = 0; Ivar * ivars = class_copyIvarList([self class], &count); NSMutableArray * arr = [[NSMutableArray alloc]init]; for (int i = 0; i<count; i++) { Ivar var = ivars[i]; const char * varName = ivar_getName(var); NSString *name = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:varName]; [arr addObject:name]; } //__isisfor (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { NSString *keyName = arr[i]; if ([keyName isEqualToString:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"_%@",key]]) { object_setIvar(self, ivars[i], value); free(ivars); return; } } for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { NSString *keyName = arr[i]; if ([keyName isEqualToString:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"_is%@",Key]]) { object_setIvar(self, ivars[i], value); free(ivars); return; } } for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { NSString *keyName = arr[i]; if ([keyName isEqualToString:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@",key]]) { object_setIvar(self, ivars[i], value); free(ivars); return; } } for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { NSString *keyName = arr[i]; if ([keyName isEqualToString:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"is%@",Key]]) { object_setIvar(self, ivars[i], value); free(ivars); return; } } [self setValue:value forUndefinedKey:Key]; free(ivars); } @end 复制代码
验证
ViewController.m
#import "ViewController.h" #import "WTPerson.h" #import "NSObject+KVC.h" @interface ViewController () @end @implementation ViewController - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; WTPerson * p =[WTPerson new]; [p wt_setValue:@"wt" forKey:@"name"]; NSLog(@"name-KVC = %@",[p wt_valueForKey:@"name"]); NSLog(@"_name = %@",p->_name); NSLog(@"_isName = %@",p->_isName); NSLog(@"name = %@",p->name); NSLog(@"isName = %@",p->isName); } @end 复制代码
在项目中
commond+shift+o 搜索setValue:forKey发现在Foundation框架下的NSKeyValueCoding文件下
我们查看这个文件中的方法,发现这个文件中是一些分类的集合
KVC异常处理及正确性验证
KVC异常处理
- 1、赋值为空 setNilValueForKey
- 2、Key值不存在 setValue:forUndefinedKey
正确性验证
validateValue
该方法的工作原理:
- 1、先找一下你的类中是否实现了方法 -(BOOL)validate
- 2、如果实现了就会根据实现方法里面的自定义逻辑返回NO或者YES;如果没有实现这个方法,则系统默认返回YES
示例代码
WTPerson…h
#import@interface WTPerson : NSObject /** name **/ @property(nonatomic,strong)NSString * name; /** age **/ @property(nonatomic,assign)int age; @end 复制代码
WTPerson.m
#import "WTPerson.h" @implementation WTPerson //对非对象类型,值不能为空 - (void) setNilValueForKey:(NSString *)key{ NSLog(@"%@ 值不能为空",key); } //赋值的key不存在 - (void) setValue:(id)value forUndefinedKey:(NSString *)key{ NSLog(@"key = %@值不存在",key); } //取值的key不存在 - (id) valueForUndefinedKey:(NSString *)key{ NSLog(@"key = %@值不存在",key); return nil; } //正确性验证 - (BOOL) validateAge:(inout id _Nullable __autoreleasing *)ioValue error:(out NSError * _Nullable __autoreleasing *)outError{ NSNumber* value = (NSNumber*)*ioValue; NSLog(@"%@",value); if ([value integerValue] >= 0 && [value integerValue] <= 200) { return YES; } return NO; } @end 复制代码
ViewController.m
#import "ViewController.h" #import "WTPerson.h" #import "WTContainer.h" @interface ViewController () @end @implementation ViewController - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; WTPerson * p = [WTPerson new]; //异常处理 [p setValue:@18 forKey:@"name"]; [p setValue:nil forKey:@"name"]; NSLog(@"name = %@",p.name); [p setValue:nil forKey:@"age"]; NSLog(@"age = %d",p.age); [p setValue:@"hello" forKey:@"name1"]; NSLog(@"name = %@",[p valueForKey:@"name1"]); //万能容器 WTContainer * container = [WTContainer new]; [container setValue:@"wt" forKey:@"name"]; [container setValue:@18 forKey:@"age"]; NSLog(@"name = %@,age = %@",[container valueForKey:@"name"],[container valueForKey:@"age"]); //正确性验证 NSNumber * value = @200; NSNumber * value1 = @199; if ([p validateValue:&value1 forKey:@"age" error:NULL]) { [p setValue:value1 forKey:@"age"]; } NSLog(@"%@",[p valueForKey:@"age"]); } @end
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标签:进阶,name,自定义,NSLog,NSString,WTPerson,import,KVC 来源: https://blog.51cto.com/u_15010671/2778139