多区域 OSPF 综合实验
作者:互联网
实验目标:
理解 OSPF 工作原理
掌握 OSPF 多区域的规划和配置
掌握 OSPF 各项性能优化技术
实验拓扑和需求:
配置 ip 地址包括 loopback 地址,底下路由器至少有两个用户网段, 用于测试汇总
进行多区域设计,宣告 ospf(完成的标志是各路由器邻接关系形成)
. 在出口设备注入默认路由(完成的标志是每台路由器学习到默认路由)
ABR 上对用户网段进行汇总,精简核心设备路由表(汇总前核心及出口 能看到明细用户路由,汇总后则只看到汇总用户路由)
将末梢区域设置为完全 stub 区域,精简边缘设备路由表(设置前边缘 路由器能看到区间路由信息及 E2 的默认路由,设置后看不到区间路由, 默认路由变成 IA)
修改 cost 值,实现数据合理分流,来回路径一致(修改前两条线路等 价负载均衡,修改后只走主线路,且宿舍 1 区和宿舍 2 区的主线路分 开)
修改接口网络类型为点到点,加快收敛速度(修改前建立邻居后要选举 dr,花费 40s 时间,修改后不用选举 dr 快速收敛)
配置出口 NAT
配置安全增强策略(可选)。
9.1 将连接用户的接口配置为被动接口(设置前,用户接口连接路由设 备开启 ospf 可以建立邻居,设置后无法建立)
9.2 开启 ospf 验证,并采用 md5 算法对密码进行加密
配置步骤:
1、配置 IP 地址(略)
2、宣告 OSPF
[AR1]router id 1.1.1.1
[AR1]ospf 1
[AR1-ospf-1]area 0
[AR1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255
[AR2]router id 2.2.2.2 [AR2]ospf 1
[AR2-ospf-1]area 0
[AR2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255
[AR3]router id 3.3.3.3 [AR3]ospf 1
[AR3-ospf-1]area 0
[AR3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255
[AR4]router id 4.4.4.4 [AR4]ospf 1
[AR4-ospf-1]area 0
[AR4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 [AR4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]area 10
[AR4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.10]network 11.0.0.0 0.255.255.255
[AR5]router id 5.5.5.5 [AR5]ospf 1
[AR5-ospf-1]area 0
[AR5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 [AR5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]area 20
[AR5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.10]network 12.0.0.0 0.255.255.255
[AR6]router id 6.6.6.6 [AR6]ospf 1
[AR6-ospf-1]area 10
[AR6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.10]network 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0
[AR7]router id 7.7.7.7 [AR7]ospf 1
[AR7-ospf-1]area 20
[AR7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.10]network 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0
验证: 查看邻居关系,以下为 AR1 的输出结果,其他设备略
[AR1]display ospf peer brief
Area Id Interface Neighbor id State
0.0.0.0 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 2.2.2.2 Full
0.0.0.0 GigabitEthernet0/0/2 3.3.3.3 Full
查看路由,以下为 AR1 的路由表,其他设备略
[AR1]display ip routing-table protocol ospf Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
Public routing table : OSPF
Destinations : 11 Routes : 18
OSPF routing table status :
Destinations : 11 Routes : 18
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
10.10.23.0/24 OSPF 10 2 D 10.10.12.2 GigabitEthernet
1
0/0/1
OSPF 10 2 D 10.10.13.3 GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
10.10.24.0/24 OSPF 10 2 D 10.10.12.2 GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
3、引入默认路由
[AR1-ospf-1]default-route-advertise always
验证(各设备均可看到默认路由)
[AR3]display ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D download to fib
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 26 Routes : 29
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
0.0.0.0/0 O_ASE 150 1 D 10.10.13.1 GigabitEthernet
1
0/0/2
4、路由汇总
[AR4]ospf 1
[AR4-ospf-1]area 10
[AR4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.10]abr-summary 192.168.0.0 255.255.0.0
验证:
[AR1]dis ip routing-table 192.168.0.1
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Table : Public Summary Count : 2
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
192.168.0.0/16 OSPF 10 3 D 10.10.12.2 GigabitEthernet
1
0/0/1
OSPF 10 3 D 10.10.13.3 GigabitEthernet
0/0/2
5、配置完全 stub 区域
[AR4]ospf 1
[AR4-ospf-1]area 10
[AR4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.10]stub no-summary
[AR6]ospf 1
[AR6-ospf-1]area 10
[AR6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.10]stub no-summary
验证:
[AR6]dis ip routing-table protocol ospf Route Flags: R - relay, D download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : OSPF
Destinations : 1 Routes : 1
OSPF routing table status :
Destinations : 1 Routes : 1
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
0.0.0.0/0 OSPF 10 2 D 11.10.46.4 GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
1
6、修改接口 cost 实现合理分流,且来回路径一致’
[AR4]int gi0/0/1
[AR4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf cost 1000
[AR5]int gi0/0/2
[AR5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ospf cost 1000
[AR2]int gi0/0/2
[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ospf cost 1000
[AR3]int gi0/0/1
[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf cost 1000
验证: 访问外网的路径,AR4 和 AR5 分别走不同路径
[AR4]dis ip routing-table 8.8.8.8
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Table : Public Summary Count : 1
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
0.0.0.0/0 O_ASE 150 1 D 10.10.24.2 GigabitEthernet
1
0/0/0
[AR5]dis ip routing-table 8.8.8.8
Route Flags: R - relay, D download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Table : Public Summary Count : 1
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
0.0.0.0/0 O_ASE 150 1 D 10.10.35.3 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
1
回包路径,给 192 和 172 网段走不同路径
[AR1]dis ip routing-table 192.168.0.1 Route Flags: R - relay, D download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Table : Public Summary Count : 1
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
192.168.0.0/16 OSPF 10 3 D 10.10.12.2 GigabitEthernet
1
0/0/1
[AR1]dis ip routing-table 172.16.0.1
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Table : Public Summary Count : 1
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
172.16.0.0/16 OSPF 10 3 D 10.10.13.3 GigabitEthernet
1
0/0/2
7、修改网络类型,加快收敛
[AR1]int gi0/0/1
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf network-type p2p
[AR2]int gi0/0/1
[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf network-type p2p
验证:
[AR1]display ospf peer | include DR
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 1.1.1.1
Neighbors
1
2
Area 0.0.0.0 interface 10.10.12.1(GigabitEthernet0/0/1)'s neighbors
DR: None BDR: None
8、配置出口 NAT,实现外网连通性
acl number 2000
rule 5 permit source 192.168.0.0 0.0.255.255
rule 10 permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
rule 15 deny
nat address-group 1 64.1.1.2 64.1.1.3 interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
ip address 64.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
nat outbound 2000 address-group 1
ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 64.1.1.6
验证:
[AR6]ping -a 192.168.0.1 8.8.8.8
PING 8.8.8.8: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 8.8.8.8: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=252 time=30 ms
Reply from 8.8.8.8: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=252 time=30 ms
Reply from 8.8.8.8: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=252 time=30 ms
Reply from 8.8.8.8: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=252 time=30 ms
Reply from 8.8.8.8: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=252 time=40 ms
— 8.8.8.8 ping statistics —
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 30/32/40 ms
9、安全性增强
被动接口
[AR6-ospf-1]silent-interface gi0/0/0
邻居验证
[AR4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 zhynet
[AR6-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 zhynet
标签:10,AR4,area,ospf,区域,实验,0.0,OSPF,8.8 来源: https://blog.51cto.com/14841124/2672182