第一章 简单句的核心构成

##1、五种结构的概念

​ 谓语动词的分类：

①有实义：

​ 不及物动词（vi.)------>主谓

​ 例1、Everybody else loses. 其他的每一个人都失败了

​ 例2、Smealler species survived.

​ 及物动词（vt.)----->主谓宾结构/主谓双宾/主谓宾补

主谓宾：

例1、Everybody loves a fat pay rise.每个人都喜欢涨工资

例2、Yet science has a cultural history ,too.

主谓双宾

例1、They gave justices permanent positions

物在前人在后用介词连接中间用to 或for（to 表示方向 for表示目的）

主谓宾补:补充说明宾语，

判断方法:如果再宾语和补语之间加是正确

例1 You always keep your eyes open

②无实义：————>主系表结构

例1、这是一个危险的游戏

This is a dangerous game

系动词

1、be动词 单独使用

2、get become turn go grow 变化

3、look sound smell taste feel “看/听闻/尝/感觉起来

4、seem appear /keep remain/ prove 看起来/保持/保持

例1、。。。。many discussions are not so successful

##2、五种结构的练习

1、These views of arguments also undermine reason 主谓宾结构

2、More apparent reasonableness followed 主谓结构

3、…they suddenly became extinct 主系表结构

4、。。。。poetry of many kinds gave him great pleasure 主谓双宾

5、。。。。our president calls himself “the Decider” 主谓宾补

3、五种结构的考场攻略

攻略一、简化句子------不及物动词

1、 A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds.

核心：A parallel situation exists 一个类似的情况存在

翻译：类似的情况存在食肉的哺乳动物和吃鱼的鸟类

攻略二 、找到分裂结构–及物动词

On the other hand,he did not accept as well founded the charge…

结论：及物动词+宾语 但是宾语找不到所以造成分裂结构，此时要还原宾语。

攻略三：判断从句

宾语从句：及物动词后

表语从句：系动词后

二 、简单句的核心变化

4种变化：时态、情态、语态、否定

1、谓语动词的时态

①一般过去时 谓语动词=did 表示完全发生再过去的

例1、 India released its AI ethics strategy this spring

印度在今年春节发表了AI伦理战略

例2、。。。this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world

② 一般现在时 谓语动词=do/does

例1、The goal is new-search,not re-search

例2、But most law graduates never get a big-firm job.

③一般将来时 谓语动词=will do am/is/are going to do shall do(只能在第一人称后)

例1、We will have a less civil society.

④过去将来时 谓语动词=would do was/were going to do

例1、They gave justices permanent positions so they would be free to upset those in power…

⑤过去进行时 谓语动词=was/were doing

例1、Within two weeks,he was talking for the first the board of Hartford Financial Services Group

⑥现在进行时 谓语动词=am/is/are doing

例1、Home prices are holding steady in most regions

⑦将来进行 谓语动词=will be doing

例1、Now rivals will be charging sale tax…

⑧过去完成时； 谓语动词=had done 在过去的之前使用

例1、He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $20 worth of gambling

翻译：在赌场寄给他20美元之前他没有赌博过

例2、The interviewers had rated applicants on scale of one to five

过去的之前是一个时间段不是一个时间点

例1、Roman Catholicism **had been **the state religion…

⑨ 现在完成时 谓语动词=have/has done

中间可以加just/ever/never/also…

question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century

现在完成时表达的是从过去到现在发生的事情

例： For the most part,the response has been favorable

现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：

宏观

现在完成时：表示从过去到现在,一般过去时：只能表达过去

微观：

a、现在全部完成，可以换成过去 ，过去强调时间。现在完成强调对于现在的

b、现在部分完成，不能换成过去时

⑩将来完成时 谓语动词 =will have done

。。。。relaxation will be in front of smell-television,and digital age will have arrived

不重要的部分

完成时态 谓语动词 =have+done

现在完成进行时 谓语动词=have/has been doing

完成进行时态： 谓语动词=have been doing

2、谓语动词时态的练习

1、The use of this little-known practice **has accelerated **in recent years…

翻译：不太出名的做法在最近几年加速了

2、Readers are migrating away from print anyway

3、My wife and I lectured about、、、、

lectured 发表

3、谓语动词的情态

情态动词+动词原形

could would should might 有三种用法：表示过去、表示现在的更加委婉的语气、

1、情态动词表示“情态”

①must 必须

②can/could 能够/可以

and the right mental workouts can significantly improve our basic cognitive functions

③will/would 将要/愿意

Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates

④may /might 可以可能

expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around.

⑤ should 应该

2、情态动词表示推测

①情态动词+动词原形

②情态动词+be doing

③情态动词+have done

4、谓语动词情态的练习

例1、Upcoming reforms **might bring ** the price to a more reasonable level

翻译：即将到来的改革可能会把价格带到一个更合理的水平

例2、Employers wouldn`t mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market.

例3、we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic

research

例4、Your outline should smoothly conduct you from one point to the next

5、谓语动词的被动语态

形式：be+done

be表示被动的时间，done表示被动的动作，主语的单复数

例1、Unfortunately,these critics are forgotten

不幸的是，这些评论家（现在）都被遗忘了

被动语态和时态的结合：

1、The truth will not be known for years

2、But the great universal of male mortality is being changed

男性死亡率上升的情况正在被改变

3、Attempts **have been made ** to control this inflation

尝试被动做出控制通货膨胀

被动语态与情态的结合：情态动词+be done

In the internet age,at least in theory ,this fraction **can be **much reduced.

6、谓语动词的语态的练习

1、By the third generation ,the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families,

2、A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide

7、谓语动词的否定与强调

① 实义动词变否定’

do/does/did+not+动词原型

例1、American professors did not possess one.

例2、They **do not fund **peer-reviewed research.

②助动词和情态动词的否定

助动词和情态动词+not

例1、To be sure the future is not all rosy.

例2、With other audiences you mustn`t attempt to cut in with humor …

③谓语动词的强调

形式：do/does/did+动词原形

8、简单句谓语动词的变化考场攻略

标签：主谓,do,01,情态,29,will,2021,谓语,动词
来源： https://blog.csdn.net/qq_45743100/article/details/113376046