[CD149D] Coloring Brackets（区间dp）
作者：互联网
原题
Once Petya read a problem about a bracket sequence. He gave it much thought but didn't find a solution. Today you will face it.
You are given string s. It represents a correct bracket sequence. A correct bracket sequence is the sequence of opening ("(") and closing (")") brackets, such that it is possible to obtain a correct mathematical expression from it, inserting numbers and operators between the brackets. For example, such sequences as "(())()" and "()" are correct bracket sequences and such sequences as ")()" and "(()" are not.
In a correct bracket sequence each bracket corresponds to the matching bracket (an opening bracket corresponds to the matching closing bracket and vice versa). For example, in a bracket sequence shown of the figure below, the third bracket corresponds to the matching sixth one and the fifth bracket corresponds to the fourth one.
You are allowed to color some brackets in the bracket sequence so as all three conditions are fulfilled:
- Each bracket is either not colored any color, or is colored red, or is colored blue.
- For any pair of matching brackets exactly one of them is colored. In other words, for any bracket the following is true: either it or the matching bracket that corresponds to it is colored.
- No two neighboring colored brackets have the same color.
Find the number of different ways to color the bracket sequence. The ways should meet the above-given conditions. Two ways of coloring are considered different if they differ in the color of at least one bracket. As the result can be quite large, print it modulo 1000000007 (10^9 + 7).
Input
The first line contains the single string s (2 ≤ |s| ≤ 700) which represents a correct bracket sequence.
Output
Print the only number — the number of ways to color the bracket sequence that meet the above given conditions modulo 1000000007 (10^9 + 7).
Examples
input
(())
output
12
input
(()())
output
40
input
()
output
4
Note
Let's consider the first sample test. The bracket sequence from the sample can be colored, for example, as is shown on two figures below.
The two ways of coloring shown below are incorrect.
思路
dp[l][r][l的颜色][r的颜色]，存下每个括号的匹配括号，如果当前l，r互相匹配， 从dp[l + 1][r - 1]转移，否则根据乘法原理求出方案数。
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <list>
#include <map>
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <queue>
#include <set>
#include <stack>
#include <string>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <vector>
#define LL long long
#define inf 0x3f3f3f3f
#define INF 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f
#define PI 3.1415926535898
#define F first
#define S second
#define endl '\n'
#define lson rt << 1
#define rson rt << 1 | 1
#define lowbit(x) (x &(-x))
#define f(x, y, z) for (int x = (y), __ = (z); x < __; ++x)
#define _rep(i, a, b) for (int i = (a); i <= (b); ++i)
#define _per(i, a, b) for (int i = (a); i >= (b); --i)
using namespace std;
const int maxn = 707;
const int mod = 1e9 + 7;
int n;
string s;
int match[maxn];
LL dp[maxn][maxn][3][3];
int dfs(int l, int r) {
if (l + 1 == r) {
dp[l][r][0][1] = dp[l][r][0][2] = dp[l][r][1][0] = dp[l][r][2][0] = 1;
return 0;
}
if (match[l] == r) {
dfs(l + 1, r - 1);
_rep(i, 0, 2) {
_rep(j, 0, 2) {
if (i != 1) dp[l][r][1][0] = (dp[l][r][1][0] + dp[l + 1][r - 1][i][j]) % mod;
if (i != 2) dp[l][r][2][0] = (dp[l][r][2][0] + dp[l + 1][r - 1][i][j]) % mod;
if (j != 1) dp[l][r][0][1] = (dp[l][r][0][1] + dp[l + 1][r - 1][i][j]) % mod;
if (j != 2) dp[l][r][0][2] = (dp[l][r][0][2] + dp[l + 1][r - 1][i][j]) % mod;
}
}
}
else {
dfs(l, match[l]), dfs(match[l] + 1, r);
_rep(i, 0, 2) {
_rep(j, 0, 2) {
_rep(p, 0, 2) {
_rep(q, 0, 2) {
if ((j == 1 && p == 1) || (j == 2 && p == 2)) continue;
dp[l][r][i][q] = (dp[l][r][i][q] + dp[l][match[l]][i][j] * dp[match[l] + 1][r][p][q]) % mod;
}
}
}
}
}
return 0;
}
int main()
{
ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
cin.tie(0);
cin >> s;
stack<int> q;
f(i, 0, s.size()) {
if (s[i] == '(') q.push(i);
else {
match[i] = q.top();
match[q.top()] = i;
q.pop();
}
}
dfs(0, s.size() - 1);
LL ans = 0;
_rep(i, 0, 2) {
_rep(j, 0, 2) ans = (ans + dp[0][s.size() - 1][i][j]) % mod;
}
cout << ans << endl;
return 0;
}
标签：Coloring,sequence,rep,CD149D,match,include,dp,bracket 来源： https://www.cnblogs.com/hfcdyp/p/13912664.html