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一个客户端生成的随机数(Client random)FWEG个人好记二号

作者:互联网

一、SSL协议的握手过程
开始加密通信之前,客户端和服务器首先必须建立连接和交换参数,这个过程叫做握手(handshake)。
假定客户端叫做爱丽丝,服务器叫做鲍勃,整个握手过程可以用下图说明。
握手阶段分成五步:
第一步,爱丽丝给出协议版本号、一个客户端生成的随机数(Client random),以及客户端支持的加密方法。
第二步,鲍勃确认双方使用的加密方法,并给出数字证书、以及一个服务器生成的随机数(Server random)。
第三步,爱丽丝确认数字证书有效,然后生成一个新的随机数(Premaster secret),并使用数字证书中的公钥,加密这个随机数,发给鲍勃。
第四步,鲍勃使用自己的私钥,获取爱丽丝发来的随机数(即Premaster secret)。
第五步,爱丽丝和鲍勃根据约定的加密方法,使用前面的三个随机数,生成"对话密钥"(session key),用来加密接下来的整个对话过程。
上面的五步,画成一张图,就是下面这样。

二、私钥的作用

握手阶段有三点需要注意:
(1)生成对话密钥一共需要三个随机数。
(2)握手之后的对话使用"对话密钥"加密(对称加密),服务器的公钥和私钥只用于加密和解密"对话密钥"(非对称加密),无其他作用。
(3)服务器公钥放在服务器的数字证书之中。
从上面第二点可知,整个对话过程中(握手阶段和其后的对话),服务器的公钥和私钥只需要用到一次。这就是CloudFlare能够提供Keyless服务的根本原因。

某些客户(比如银行)想要使用外部CDN,加快自家网站的访问速度,但是出于安全考虑,不能把私钥交给CDN服务商。这时,完全可以把私钥留在自家服务器,只用来解密对话密钥,其他步骤都让CDN服务商去完成。
上图中,银行的服务器只参与第四步,后面的对话都不再会用到私钥了。
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