Map-CurrentHashMap
作者：互联网
一、数据结构
同HashMap,数组+链表+红黑树，关键属性也和HashMap相同
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ConCurrentHashMap支持高并发的访问和更新，它是线程安全的
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检索操作不用加锁，get方法是非阻塞的
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key和value都不允许为null
二、spread()
//高低16位异或处理
static final int spread(int h) { return (h ^ (h >>> 16)) & HASH_BITS; }
二、put()
CAS操作
tabAt()该方法用来获取table数组中索引为i的Node元素。casTabAt()利用CAS操作设置table数组中索引为i的元素
setTabAt()该方法用来设置table数组中索引为i的元素
final V putVal(K key, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent) {
if (key == null || value == null) throw new NullPointerException();
//1.重哈希
int hash = spread(key.hashCode());
int binCount = 0;
for (Node<K,V>[] tab = table;;) {
Node<K,V> f; int n, i, fh;
//2. 如果当前table还没有初始化先调用initTable方法将tab进行初始化
if (tab == null || (n = tab.length) == 0)
tab = initTable();
//3. tab中索引为i的位置的元素为null，则直接使用CAS将值插入即可
else if ((f = tabAt(tab, i = (n - 1) & hash)) == null) {
if (casTabAt(tab, i, null,
new Node<K,V>(hash, key, value, null)))
break; // no lock when adding to empty bin
}
//4. 当前正在扩容，通过判断该节点的hash值是不是等于-1（MOVED）
else if ((fh = f.hash) == MOVED)
tab = helpTransfer(tab, f);
else {
V oldVal = null;
synchronized (f) {
if (tabAt(tab, i) == f) {
//5. 当前为链表，在链表中插入新的键值对
if (fh >= 0) {
binCount = 1;
for (Node<K,V> e = f;; ++binCount) {
K ek;
if (e.hash == hash &&
((ek = e.key) == key ||
(ek != null && key.equals(ek)))) {
oldVal = e.val;
if (!onlyIfAbsent)
e.val = value;
break;
}
Node<K,V> pred = e;
if ((e = e.next) == null) {
pred.next = new Node<K,V>(hash, key,
value, null);
break;
}
}
}
// 6.当前为红黑树，将新的键值对插入到红黑树中
else if (f instanceof TreeBin) {
Node<K,V> p;
binCount = 2;
if ((p = ((TreeBin<K,V>)f).putTreeVal(hash, key,
value)) != null) {
oldVal = p.val;
if (!onlyIfAbsent)
p.val = value;
}
}
}
}
// 7.插入完键值对后再根据实际大小看是否需要转换成红黑树
if (binCount != 0) {
if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD)
treeifyBin(tab, i);
if (oldVal != null)
return oldVal;
break;
}
}
}
//8.对当前容量大小进行检查，如果超过了临界值（实际大小*加载因子）就需要扩容
addCount(1L, binCount);
return null;
}
流程总结：
1、判断Node[]数组是否初始化，没有则进行初始化操作2、通过hash定位数组的索引坐标，是否有Node节点，如果没有则使用CAS进行添加（链表的头节点），添加失败则进入下次循环。
3、检查到内部正在扩容，就帮助它一块扩容。
4、如果f！=null，则使用synchronized锁住f元素（链表/红黑树的头元素）。如果是Node（链表结构）则执行链表的添加操作；如果是TreeNode（树型结构）则执行树添加操作。
5、判断链表长度已经达到临界值8（默认值），当节点超过这个值就需要把链表转换为树结构。
6、如果添加成功就调用addCount（）方法统计size，并且检查是否需要扩容 三、initable() 初始化
private final Node<K,V>[] initTable() {
Node<K,V>[] tab; int sc;
while ((tab = table) == null || tab.length == 0) {
if ((sc = sizeCtl) < 0)
// 1. 保证只有一个线程正在进行初始化操作
Thread.yield(); // lost initialization race; just spin
else if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, SIZECTL, sc, -1)) {
try {
if ((tab = table) == null || tab.length == 0) {
// 2. 得出数组的大小
int n = (sc > 0) ? sc : DEFAULT_CAPACITY;
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
// 3. 这里才真正的初始化数组
Node<K,V>[] nt = (Node<K,V>[])new Node<?,?>[n];
table = tab = nt;
// 4. 计算数组中可用的大小：实际大小n*0.75（加载因子）
sc = n - (n >>> 2);
}
} finally {
sizeCtl = sc;
}
break;
}
}
return tab;
}
为了保证能够正确初始化，在第1步中会先通过if进行判断，若当前已经有一个线程正在初始化即sizeCtl值变为-1，这个时候其他线程在If判断为true从而调用Thread.yield()让出CPU时间片。正在进行初始化的线程会调用U.compareAndSwapInt方法将sizeCtl改为-1即正在初始化的状态。另外还需要注意的事情是，在第四步中会进一步计算数组中可用的大小即为数组实际大小n乘以加载因子0.75.可以看看这里乘以0.75是怎么算的，0.75为四分之三，这里n - (n >>> 2)是不是刚好是n-(1/4)n=(3/4)n，挺有意思的吧:)。如果选择是无参的构造器的话，这里在new Node数组的时候会使用默认大小DEFAULT_CAPACITY（16），然后乘以加载因子0.75为12，也就是说数组的可用大小为12。
四、扩容
final Node<K,V>[] helpTransfer(Node<K,V>[] tab, Node<K,V> f) {
Node<K,V>[] nextTab; int sc;
if (tab != null && (f instanceof ForwardingNode) &&
(nextTab = ((ForwardingNode<K,V>)f).nextTable) != null) {
int rs = resizeStamp(tab.length);
while (nextTab == nextTable && table == tab &&
(sc = sizeCtl) < 0) {
if ((sc >>> RESIZE_STAMP_SHIFT) != rs || sc == rs + 1 ||
sc == rs + MAX_RESIZERS || transferIndex <= 0)
break;
if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, SIZECTL, sc, sc + 1)) {
transfer(tab, nextTab);
break;
}
}
return nextTab;
}
return table;
}
private final void transfer(Node<K,V>[] tab, Node<K,V>[] nextTab) {
int n = tab.length, stride;
if ((stride = (NCPU > 1) ? (n >>> 3) / NCPU : n) < MIN_TRANSFER_STRIDE)
stride = MIN_TRANSFER_STRIDE; // subdivide range
if (nextTab == null) { // initiating
try {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Node<K,V>[] nt = (Node<K,V>[])new Node<?,?>[n << 1];
nextTab = nt;
} catch (Throwable ex) { // try to cope with OOME
sizeCtl = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
return;
}
nextTable = nextTab;
transferIndex = n;
}
int nextn = nextTab.length;
ForwardingNode<K,V> fwd = new ForwardingNode<K,V>(nextTab);
boolean advance = true;
boolean finishing = false; // to ensure sweep before committing nextTab
for (int i = 0, bound = 0;;) {
Node<K,V> f; int fh;
while (advance) {
int nextIndex, nextBound;
if (--i >= bound || finishing)
advance = false;
else if ((nextIndex = transferIndex) <= 0) {
i = -1;
advance = false;
}
else if (U.compareAndSwapInt
(this, TRANSFERINDEX, nextIndex,
nextBound = (nextIndex > stride ?
nextIndex - stride : 0))) {
bound = nextBound;
i = nextIndex - 1;
advance = false;
}
}
if (i < 0 || i >= n || i + n >= nextn) {
int sc;
if (finishing) {
nextTable = null;
table = nextTab;
sizeCtl = (n << 1) - (n >>> 1);
return;
}
if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, SIZECTL, sc = sizeCtl, sc - 1)) {
if ((sc - 2) != resizeStamp(n) << RESIZE_STAMP_SHIFT)
return;
finishing = advance = true;
i = n; // recheck before commit
}
}
else if ((f = tabAt(tab, i)) == null)
advance = casTabAt(tab, i, null, fwd);
else if ((fh = f.hash) == MOVED)
advance = true; // already processed
else {
synchronized (f) {
if (tabAt(tab, i) == f) {
Node<K,V> ln, hn;
if (fh >= 0) {
int runBit = fh & n;
Node<K,V> lastRun = f;
for (Node<K,V> p = f.next; p != null; p = p.next) {
int b = p.hash & n;
if (b != runBit) {
runBit = b;
lastRun = p;
}
}
if (runBit == 0) {
ln = lastRun;
hn = null;
}
else {
hn = lastRun;
ln = null;
}
for (Node<K,V> p = f; p != lastRun; p = p.next) {
int ph = p.hash; K pk = p.key; V pv = p.val;
if ((ph & n) == 0)
ln = new Node<K,V>(ph, pk, pv, ln);
else
hn = new Node<K,V>(ph, pk, pv, hn);
}
setTabAt(nextTab, i, ln);
setTabAt(nextTab, i + n, hn);
setTabAt(tab, i, fwd);
advance = true;
}
else if (f instanceof TreeBin) {
TreeBin<K,V> t = (TreeBin<K,V>)f;
TreeNode<K,V> lo = null, loTail = null;
TreeNode<K,V> hi = null, hiTail = null;
int lc = 0, hc = 0;
for (Node<K,V> e = t.first; e != null; e = e.next) {
int h = e.hash;
TreeNode<K,V> p = new TreeNode<K,V>
(h, e.key, e.val, null, null);
if ((h & n) == 0) {
if ((p.prev = loTail) == null)
lo = p;
else
loTail.next = p;
loTail = p;
++lc;
}
else {
if ((p.prev = hiTail) == null)
hi = p;
else
hiTail.next = p;
hiTail = p;
++hc;
}
}
ln = (lc <= UNTREEIFY_THRESHOLD) ? untreeify(lo) :
(hc != 0) ? new TreeBin<K,V>(lo) : t;
hn = (hc <= UNTREEIFY_THRESHOLD) ? untreeify(hi) :
(lc != 0) ? new TreeBin<K,V>(hi) : t;
setTabAt(nextTab, i, ln);
setTabAt(nextTab, i + n, hn);
setTabAt(tab, i, fwd);
advance = true;
}
}
}
}
}
}
五、addCount() 计算CurrentHashMap的size
private final void addCount(long x, int check) {
CounterCell[] as; long b, s;
//更新baseCount，table的数量，counterCells表示元素个数的变化
if ((as = counterCells) != null ||
!U.compareAndSwapLong(this, BASECOUNT, b = baseCount, s = b + x)) {
CounterCell a; long v; int m;
boolean uncontended = true;
//如果多个线程都在执行，则CAS失败，执行fullAddCount，全部加入count
if (as == null || (m = as.length - 1) < 0 ||
(a = as[ThreadLocalRandom.getProbe() & m]) == null ||
!(uncontended =
U.compareAndSwapLong(a, CELLVALUE, v = a.value, v + x))) {
fullAddCount(x, uncontended);
return;
}
if (check <= 1)
return;
s = sumCount();
}
//check>=0表示需要进行扩容操作
if (check >= 0) {
Node<K,V>[] tab, nt; int n, sc;
while (s >= (long)(sc = sizeCtl) && (tab = table) != null &&
(n = tab.length) < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) {
int rs = resizeStamp(n);
if (sc < 0) {
if ((sc >>> RESIZE_STAMP_SHIFT) != rs || sc == rs + 1 ||
sc == rs + MAX_RESIZERS || (nt = nextTable) == null ||
transferIndex <= 0)
break;
if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, SIZECTL, sc, sc + 1))
transfer(tab, nt);
}
else if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, SIZECTL, sc,
(rs << RESIZE_STAMP_SHIFT) + 2))
transfer(tab, null);
s = sumCount();
}
}
}
六、get() 非阻塞
public V get(Object key) {
Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> e, p; int n, eh; K ek;
//计算哈希值
int h = spread(key.hashCode());
if ((tab = table) != null && (n = tab.length) > 0 &&
(e = tabAt(tab, (n - 1) & h)) != null) {
if ((eh = e.hash) == h) {
if ((ek = e.key) == key || (ek != null && key.equals(ek)))
return e.val;
}
//hash值为负值表示正在扩容，这个时候查的是ForwardingNode的find方法来定位到nextTable来
//查找，查找到就返回
else if (eh < 0)
return (p = e.find(h, key)) != null ? p.val : null;
//既不是首节点也不是ForwardingNode，那就往下遍历
while ((e = e.next) != null) {
if (e.hash == h &&
((ek = e.key) == key || (ek != null && key.equals(ek))))
return e.val;
}
}
return null;
}
七、HashMap、Hashtable、ConcurrentHashMap区别 1. HashMap线程不安全，数组+链表+红黑树
2. Hashtable线程安全，锁住整个对象，数组+链表
3. ConccurentHashMap线程安全，CAS+同步锁，数组+链表+红黑树
4. HashMap的key，value均可为null，其他两个不行。 八、JDK1.7 1.8 区别 1、不采用segment而采用node，锁住node来实现减小锁粒度。
2、设计了MOVED状态 当resize的中过程中 线程2还在put数据，线程2会帮助resize。
3、使用3个CAS操作来确保node的一些操作的原子性，这种方式代替了锁。
4、sizeCtl的不同值来代表不同含义，起到了控制的作用。
采用synchronized而不是ReentrantLock
标签：Node,Map,key,int,CurrentHashMap,tab,sc,null 来源： https://www.cnblogs.com/qmillet/p/12498172.html