使用cssSelector清除Chrome浏览器的浏览数据时,如何与#shadow-root(open)中的元素进行交互

我一直在讨论How to automate shadow DOM elements using selenium?讨论与#shadow-root(open)元素一起工作.

在通过Selenium访问url chrome：// settings / clearBrowserData时出现的清除浏览数据弹出窗口中找到清除数据按钮的过程中,我无法找到以下元素：

#shadow-root (open)
<settings-privacy-page>

快照：

使用Selenium以下是我的代码试验和遇到的相关错误：

>尝试1：

WebElement root5 = shadow_root4.findElement(By.tagName("settings-privacy-page"));

>错误：

Exception in thread "main" org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptException: javascript error: b.getElementsByTagName is not a function

>尝试2：

WebElement root5 = shadow_root4.findElement(By.cssSelector("settings-privacy-page"));

>错误：

Exception in thread "main" org.openqa.selenium.NoSuchElementException: no such element: Unable to locate element: {"method":"css selector","selector":"settings-privacy-page"}

>尝试3：

WebElement root5 = (WebElement)((JavascriptExecutor)shadow_root4).executeScript("return document.getElementsByTagName('settings-privacy-page')[0]");

>错误：

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ClassCastException: org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebElement cannot be cast to org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptExecutor

如果它有用,初始代码块(直到上面的行)完美运行：

driver.get("chrome://settings/clearBrowserData");
WebElement root1 = driver.findElement(By.tagName("settings-ui"));
WebElement shadow_root1 = expand_shadow_element(root1);

WebElement root2 = shadow_root1.findElement(By.cssSelector("settings-main#main"));
WebElement shadow_root2 = expand_shadow_element(root2);

WebElement root3 = shadow_root2.findElement(By.cssSelector("settings-basic-page[role='main']"));
WebElement shadow_root3 = expand_shadow_element(root3);

WebElement root4 = shadow_root3.findElement(By.cssSelector("settings-section[page-title='Privacy and security']"));
WebElement shadow_root4 = expand_shadow_element(root4);

PS：expand_shadow_element()完美无瑕.

有人可以帮帮我吗？

解决方法:

如果您正在尝试获取“清除数据”元素,那么您可以使用以下js来获取元素然后执行.

return document.querySelector('settings-ui').shadowRoot.querySelector('settings-main').shadowRoot.querySelector('settings-basic-page').shadowRoot.querySelector('settings-section > settings-privacy-page').shadowRoot.querySelector('settings-clear-browsing-data-dialog').shadowRoot.querySelector('#clearBrowsingDataDialog').querySelector('#clearBrowsingDataConfirm')

这是示例脚本.

driver.get("chrome://settings/clearBrowserData");
driver.manage().window().maximize();
JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor) driver; 
WebElement clearData = (WebElement) js.executeScript("return document.querySelector('settings-ui').shadowRoot.querySelector('settings-main').shadowRoot.querySelector('settings-basic-page').shadowRoot.querySelector('settings-section > settings-privacy-page').shadowRoot.querySelector('settings-clear-browsing-data-dialog').shadowRoot.querySelector('#clearBrowsingDataDialog').querySelector('#clearBrowsingDataConfirm')");
// now you can click on clear data button
clearData.click();

编辑2：解释

问题：Selenium没有为使用Shadow DOM elements提供明确的支持,因为它们不在当前的dom中.这就是我们在尝试访问阴影dom中的元素时会得到NoSuchElementException异常的原因.

影子DOM：

注意：我们将参考图片中显示的条款.所以请仔细阅读图片以便更好地理解.

解：

为了首先使用阴影元素,我们必须找到阴影dom所附着的阴影主机.以下是基于shadowHost获取阴影根的简单方法.

private static WebElement getShadowRoot(WebDriver driver,WebElement shadowHost) {
    JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
    return (WebElement) js.executeScript("return arguments[0].shadowRoot", shadowHost);
}

然后,您可以使用shadowRoot元素访问阴影树元素.

// get the shadowHost in the original dom using findElement
WebElement shadowHost = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("shadowHost_CSS"));
// get the shadow root
WebElement shadowRoot = getShadowRoot(driver,shadowHost);
// access shadow tree element
WebElement shadowTreeElement = shadowRoot.findElement(By.cssSelector("shadow_tree_element_css"));

为了简化以上所有步骤,创建了以下方法.

public static WebElement getShadowElement(WebDriver driver,WebElement shadowHost, String cssOfShadowElement) {
    WebElement shardowRoot = getShadowRoot(driver, shadowHost);
    return shardowRoot.findElement(By.cssSelector(cssOfShadowElement));
}

现在,您可以使用单个方法调用获取shadowTree元素

WebElement shadowHost = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("shadowHost_CSS_Goes_here));
WebElement shadowTreeElement = getShadowElement(driver,shadowHost,"shadow_tree_element_css");

并像往常一样执行操作,如.click(),. getText().

shadowTreeElement.click()

当你只有一级shadow DOM时,这看起来很简单.但在这里,在这种情况下,我们有多个级别的阴影doms.所以我们必须通过到达每个影子主机和root来访问该元素.

下面是使用上面提到的方法的片段(getShadowElement和getShadowRoot)

// Locate shadowHost on the current dom
WebElement shadowHostL1 = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("settings-ui"));

// now locate the shadowElement by traversing all shadow levels
WebElement shadowElementL1 = getShadowElement(driver, shadowHostL1, "settings-main");
WebElement shadowElementL2 = getShadowElement(driver, shadowElementL1,"settings-basic-page");
WebElement shadowElementL3 = getShadowElement(driver, shadowElementL2,"settings-section > settings-privacy-page");
WebElement shadowElementL4 = getShadowElement(driver, shadowElementL3,"settings-clear-browsing-data-dialog");
WebElement shadowElementL5 = getShadowElement(driver, shadowElementL4,"#clearBrowsingDataDialog");
WebElement clearData = shadowElementL5.findElement(By.cssSelector("#clearBrowsingDataConfirm"));
System.out.println(clearData.getText());
clearData.click();

您可以在单个js调用中实现上述所有步骤,如答案开头所述(下面添加以减少混淆).

WebElement clearData = (WebElement) js.executeScript("return document.querySelector('settings-ui').shadowRoot.querySelector('settings-main').shadowRoot.querySelector('settings-basic-page').shadowRoot.querySelector('settings-section > settings-privacy-page').shadowRoot.querySelector('settings-clear-browsing-data-dialog').shadowRoot.querySelector('#clearBrowsingDataDialog').querySelector('#clearBrowsingDataConfirm')");

截图：

标签：java,css,css-selectors,selenium,shadow-dom
来源： https://codeday.me/bug/20190916/1807445.html