c – 防止在复制构造函数中切片
作者:互联网
我想复制Foo对象类型的向量,但对象可以是几种不同的Foo派生类型.我无法弄清楚如何复制而不切片.这是我的玩具代码
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <memory>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
class Foo
{
public:
Foo() { m_x = "abc"; }
Foo( const Foo &other ) { m_x = other.m_x; }
virtual std::string ToString() { return m_x; }
std::string m_x;
};
class FooDerivedA : public Foo
{
public:
FooDerivedA() : Foo() { m_y = 123; }
std::string ToString() { return m_x + ", " + std::to_string( m_y ); }
int m_y;
};
class FooDerivedB : public Foo
{
public:
FooDerivedB() : Foo() { m_z = true; }
std::string ToString() { return m_x + ", " + std::to_string( m_z ); }
bool m_z;
};
class Foos
{
public:
Foos(){}
Foos( const Foos &other )
{
for ( auto &foo : other.m_Foos )
{
// I believe this is slicing. How can I prevent this?
auto f = std::unique_ptr<Foo>( new Foo( *foo ) );
m_Foos.push_back( std::move( f ) );
}
}
void Add( std::unique_ptr<Foo> foo ) { m_Foos.push_back( std::move( foo ) ); }
std::string ToString()
{
std::string s;
for ( auto &foo : m_Foos )
{
s += foo->ToString() + "\n";
}
return s;
}
private:
std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Foo>> m_Foos;
};
int main()
{
Foos f1;
f1.Add( std::unique_ptr<FooDerivedA>( new FooDerivedA ) );
auto f2 = Foos( f1 );
std::cout << "f1:" << f1.ToString() << std::endl;
std::cout << "f2:" << f2.ToString() << std::endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}
我不能指定类型应该是FooDerivedA之类:
auto f = std::unique_ptr<Foo>( new FooDerivedA( *foo ) );
因为它可能是FooDerivedB.如何在不切片的情况下复制数据?
解决方法:
解决这个问题的经典方法是实现一个虚拟的Foo * clone()const,然后调用它而不是复制构造函数.
所以,如果我们在x中有一些(派生形式)Foo的对象,我们可以通过以下方式创建另一个:
void someFunc(Foo *x)
{
Foo *copy_of_x = x->clone();
...
delete copy_of_x; // Important so we don't leak!
}
请注意,由于它是一个虚函数,我们不能在foo的构造函数或其任何派生类型中调用它,因为虚函数不能在构造函数内“正确”运行.
标签:object-slicing,c 来源: https://codeday.me/bug/20190723/1509292.html