XCB获取所有窗口X.Org的事件
作者：互联网
我目前正在为Linux进行延迟测试.为了最大限度地减少副作用,我尝试编写一个C程序,它直接使用XCB访问X-Server.
因为没有任何C语言经验,只有Java,也没有XCB,我遇到了一些困难.
应用程序应该做的一切就是显示一个白框,如果在任何时候(窗口外)按下鼠标按钮,它应该瞬间变为黑色.
测试应用程序不一定非常漂亮或安全,但只能快速反应.它仅用于这一项测试(请不要判断我的糟糕风格;-)).
鼠标不能在同一窗口中,因为还有另一个独立的应用程序,它也需要处理事件(测量延迟的事件).
阅读the XCB tutorial后,我修改了示例代码以打开一个窗口,并在窗口内记录鼠标点击：
#include <stdio.h>
#include <xcb/xcb.h>
main ()
{
/* Open the connection to the X server */
xcb_connection_t *connection = xcb_connect (NULL, NULL);
/* Get the first screen */
xcb_screen_t *screen = xcb_setup_roots_iterator (xcb_get_setup (connection)).data;
/* Create black (foreground) graphic context */
xcb_drawable_t window;
uint32_t mask;
uint32_t values[2];
/* Create a window */
window = xcb_generate_id (connection);
mask = XCB_CW_BACK_PIXEL | XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK;
values[0] = screen->white_pixel;
values[1] = XCB_EVENT_MASK_BUTTON_PRESS;
xcb_create_window (connection, XCB_COPY_FROM_PARENT, window, screen->root, 0, 0, 500, 500, 10, XCB_WINDOW_CLASS_INPUT_OUTPUT, screen->root_visual, mask, values );
/* Map the window on the screen and flush*/
xcb_map_window (connection, window);
xcb_flush (connection);
/* Get XCB_EVENT_MASK_BUTTON_PRESS event */
xcb_generic_event_t *event;
while ((event = xcb_wait_for_event (connection))) {
switch (event ->response_type & ~0x80) {
case XCB_EVENT_MASK_BUTTON_PRESS:
printf("Button pressed!\n");
break;
default:
/* Unknown event type */
printf("Unknown event!\n");
break;
}
/* free (event); */
}
return 0;
}
为了获取所有窗口的事件,我想我必须将窗口变量更改为根窗口.但是我尝试的任何东西都会产生分段错误,或者根本不起作用.
也许root的孩子(我的申请)没有足够的权利来获取它的父母的事件？但是xwininfo -root如何工作呢？
最佳尝试：
xcb_connection_t *connection = xcb_connect (NULL, NULL);
xcb_screen_t *screen = xcb_setup_roots_iterator (xcb_get_setup (connection)).data;
xcb_drawable_t window = screen->root; /* !!! */
uint32_t mask = XCB_CW_BACK_PIXEL | XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK;
uint32_t values[2];
values[0] = screen->white_pixel;
values[1] = XCB_EVENT_MASK_BUTTON_PRESS;
xcb_change_window_attributes (connection, window, mask, values); /* !!! */
xcb_map_window (connection, window);
xcb_flush (connection);
如何更改上面的代码以响应整个X.Org-Server上的所有BUTTON_PRESS事件？
解决方法:
因此,如果您想捕获所有按钮事件,我只有一个解决方案,但我不知道这是否适合您的需求.
它像一个小窗口管理器这里是4个文件：
> simple_window_manager.c
> events.c
> events.h
> Makefile
simple_window_manager.c
#include <xcb/xcb.h>
#include <xcb/xcb_event.h>
#include <xcb/xcb_aux.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "events.h"
xcb_connection_t * connection;
int main (int argc, char **argv)
{
xcb_screen_t *screen;
/*open connection and check for error*/
connection = xcb_connect( NULL, NULL);
printf("launch connection");
if (xcb_connection_has_error(connection))
{
perror("cannot open display\n");
exit(1);
}
/*get first screen*/
screen = xcb_setup_roots_iterator(xcb_get_setup(connection)).data;
/*define the application as window manager*/
const uint32_t select_input_val[] =
{
XCB_EVENT_MASK_SUBSTRUCTURE_REDIRECT | XCB_EVENT_MASK_SUBSTRUCTURE_NOTIFY
| XCB_EVENT_MASK_ENTER_WINDOW | XCB_EVENT_MASK_LEAVE_WINDOW
| XCB_EVENT_MASK_STRUCTURE_NOTIFY | XCB_EVENT_MASK_PROPERTY_CHANGE
| XCB_EVENT_MASK_BUTTON_PRESS | XCB_EVENT_MASK_BUTTON_RELEASE
| XCB_EVENT_MASK_FOCUS_CHANGE
};
xcb_change_window_attributes(connection,
screen->root,
XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK, select_input_val);
/* Need to xcb_flush to validate error handler */
xcb_aux_sync(connection);
if (xcb_poll_for_event(connection) != NULL)
{
perror("another window manager is already running");
exit(1);
};
/*flush all request*/
xcb_flush(connection);
xcb_generic_event_t *the_events;
int done;
/*enter the main loop*/
done = 0;
while (!done && (the_events = xcb_wait_for_event(connection)))
{
switch(the_events->response_type)
{
/*(re)draw the window*/
case XCB_EXPOSE:
printf ("EXPOSE\n");
break;
/*exit on keypress*/
case XCB_KEY_PRESS:
done = 1;
break;
default:
event_management(the_events);
printf("The events = %s\n",xcb_event_get_label(the_events->response_type));
}
free(the_events);
}
/*close connection to server*/
xcb_disconnect(connection);
return 0;
}
events.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <xcb/xcb.h>
#include <xcb/xcb_util.h>
#include "events.h"
static void button_press_management(xcb_button_press_event_t * event)
{
printf("event = %s\n",xcb_event_get_label(event->response_type));
}
static void button_release_management(xcb_button_release_event_t * event)
{
printf("event = %s\n",xcb_event_get_label(event->response_type));
}
static void configure_request_management(xcb_configure_request_event_t * event)
{
uint16_t config_win_mask = 0;
uint32_t config_win_vals[7];
unsigned short i = 0;
if(event->value_mask & XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_X)
{
config_win_mask |= XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_X;
config_win_vals[i++] = 300;
printf(" XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_X\n");
}
if(event->value_mask & XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_Y)
{
config_win_mask |= XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_Y;
config_win_vals[i++] = 300;
printf(" XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_Y\n");
}
if(event->value_mask & XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_WIDTH)
{
config_win_mask |= XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_WIDTH;
config_win_vals[i++] = event->width;
printf(" XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_WIDTH\n");
}
if(event->value_mask & XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_HEIGHT)
{
config_win_mask |= XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_HEIGHT;
config_win_vals[i++] = event->height;
printf("XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_HEIGHT");
}
if(event->value_mask & XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_BORDER_WIDTH)
{
config_win_mask |= XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_BORDER_WIDTH;
config_win_vals[i++] = event->border_width;
printf(" XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_BORDER_WIDTH\n");
}
if(event->value_mask & XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_SIBLING)
{
config_win_mask |= XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_SIBLING;
config_win_vals[i++] = event->sibling;
printf(" XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_SIBLING\n");
}
if(event->value_mask & XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_STACK_MODE)
{
config_win_mask |= XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_STACK_MODE;
config_win_vals[i++] = event->stack_mode;
printf(" XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_STACK_MODE\n");
}
xcb_configure_window(connection, event->window, config_win_mask, config_win_vals);
xcb_flush(connection);
printf("event = %s\n",xcb_event_get_label(event->response_type));
}
static void client_message_management(xcb_client_message_event_t * event)
{
printf("event = %s\n",xcb_event_get_label(event->response_type));
}
static void expose_management(xcb_expose_event_t *event)
{
printf("event = %s\n",xcb_event_get_label(event->response_type));
}
static void focus_in_management(xcb_focus_in_event_t *event)
{
printf("event = %s\n",xcb_event_get_label(event->response_type));
}
static void key_press_management(xcb_key_press_event_t *event)
{
printf("event = %s\n",xcb_event_get_label(event->response_type));
}
static void key_release_management(xcb_key_release_event_t *event)
{
printf("event = %s\n",xcb_event_get_label(event->response_type));
}
static void motion_notify_management(xcb_motion_notify_event_t * event)
{
printf("event = %s\n",xcb_event_get_label(event->response_type));
}
static void map_request_management(xcb_map_request_event_t * event)
{
xcb_map_window(connection, event->window);
xcb_flush(connection);
xcb_grab_button(connection,0, event->window,XCB_EVENT_MASK_BUTTON_PRESS, XCB_GRAB_MODE_ASYNC, XCB_GRAB_MODE_ASYNC, XCB_NONE, XCB_NONE, XCB_BUTTON_INDEX_ANY, XCB_MOD_MASK_ANY);
printf("event = %s\n",xcb_event_get_label(event->response_type));
}
static void mapping_notify_management(xcb_motion_notify_event_t * event)
{
printf("event = %s\n",xcb_event_get_label(event->response_type));
}
static void reparent_notify_management(xcb_reparent_notify_event_t * event)
{
printf("event = %s\n",xcb_event_get_label(event->response_type));
}
static void unmap_notify_management(xcb_unmap_notify_event_t * event)
{
printf("event = %s\n",xcb_event_get_label(event->response_type));
}
static void enter_notify_management(xcb_enter_notify_event_t * event)
{
printf("event = %s\n",xcb_event_get_label(event->response_type));
}
static void leave_notify_management(xcb_leave_notify_event_t * event)
{
printf("event = %s\n",xcb_event_get_label(event->response_type));
}
void event_management(xcb_generic_event_t *event)
{
uint8_t response_type = XCB_EVENT_RESPONSE_TYPE(event);
if(response_type == 0)
{
/* This is an error, not a event */
perror("response_type = 0");
return;
}
switch(response_type)
{
case XCB_BUTTON_PRESS:
button_press_management((void *) event);
break;
case XCB_BUTTON_RELEASE:
button_release_management((void *)event);
break;
case XCB_CONFIGURE_REQUEST:
configure_request_management((void *)event);
break;
case XCB_CLIENT_MESSAGE:
client_message_management((void *)event);
break;
case XCB_EXPOSE:
expose_management((void *)event);
break;
case XCB_FOCUS_IN:
focus_in_management((void *)event);
break;
case XCB_KEY_PRESS:
key_press_management((void *)event);
break;
case XCB_KEY_RELEASE:
key_release_management((void *)event);
break;
case XCB_MAP_REQUEST:
map_request_management((void *)event);
break;
case XCB_MAPPING_NOTIFY:
mapping_notify_management((void *)event);
break;case XCB_MOTION_NOTIFY:
motion_notify_management((void *)event);
break;
case XCB_REPARENT_NOTIFY:
reparent_notify_management((void *)event);
break;
case XCB_UNMAP_NOTIFY:
unmap_notify_management((void *)event);
break;
case XCB_ENTER_NOTIFY:
enter_notify_management((void *)event);
break;
case XCB_LEAVE_NOTIFY:
leave_notify_management((void *)event);
break;
default:
printf("event = %s\n",xcb_event_get_label(event->response_type));
printf("%d\n",response_type);
perror("this kind of event is not managed\n");
break;
}
}
events.h
#include <xcb/xcb.h>
extern xcb_connection_t * connection;
void event_management(xcb_generic_event_t *);
Makefile文件
CC = gcc
CFLAGS = -Wall
EXEC_NAME = simple_window_manager
INCLUDES =
LIBS =-lxcb -lxcb-util
OBJ_FILES = simple_window_manager.o events.o
INSTALL_DIR = ./my_exec/
all : $(EXEC_NAME)
clean :
rm $(EXEC_NAME) $(OBJ_FILES)
$(EXEC_NAME) : $(OBJ_FILES)
$(CC) -o $(EXEC_NAME) $(OBJ_FILES) $(LIBS)
%.o: %.c
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(INCLUDES) -o $@ -c $<
install :
cp $(EXEC_NAME) $(INSTALL_DIR)$(EXEC_NAME)
复制这4个文件,运行
Makefile
然后在shell会话中尝试这个(我将解释为什么之后)：
Xephyr -br -noreset -screen "1024x640" :1&
DISPLAY=:1.0 ./simple_window_manager&
DISPLAY=:1.0 gnome-calculator #for example
为了将所有事件都发送到根窗口,您必须配置根窗口,就像您的应用程序是窗口管理器一样.但它只能是一个窗口管理器,这就是为什么simple_window_manager不能在gnome或kde下运行的原因.你必须使用Xephyr进行测试.
这是我知道获得所有活动的唯一方式.我不是专家,我希望这可以帮到你.
标签：c-3,event-handling,linux,x11,xcb 来源： https://codeday.me/bug/20190609/1206016.html