Scrapy 框架 中间件 代理IP 提高效率
作者:互联网
中间件
- 拦截请求跟响应
- 进行ua(User-Agent ) 伪装 代理 IP
中间件位置:
引擎 和下载器 中间 的中间件 ( 下载中间件)
引擎 跟 spider 中间 的中间件 ( 爬虫中间件)(不常用)
下载中间件中的ua 伪装
下载中间件可以拦截调度器发送给下载器的请求。可以将请求的相应信息进行篡改,主要可以通过拦截请求修改请求的ip
在settings 中开启下载中间件
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = { 'postPro.middlewares.PostproDownloaderMiddleware': 543, }
process_request()
更改中间件中的 : ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False
使用 UA 池
user_agent_list = [ "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 " "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/22.0.1207.1 Safari/537.1", "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; CrOS i686 2268.111.0) AppleWebKit/536.11 " "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.57 Safari/536.11", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.6 " "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1092.0 Safari/536.6", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.6 " "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1090.0 Safari/536.6", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 " "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.77.34.5 Safari/537.1", "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/536.5 " "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.9 Safari/536.5", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.0) AppleWebKit/536.5 " "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.36 Safari/536.5", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 " "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 " "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3", "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_8_0) AppleWebKit/536.3 " "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 " "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 " "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 " "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 " "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 " "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 " "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.0 Safari/536.3", "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/535.24 " "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.24 " "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24" ]
#拦截所有的正常的请求对象 def process_request(self, request, spider): #可以拦截到所有的响应对象 request.headers['User-Agent'] = random.choice(self.user_agent_list)
代理IP
process_exception(self, request,)
ip列表
PROXY_http = [ '153.180.102.104:80', '195.208.131.189:56055', ] PROXY_https = [ '120.83.49.90:9000', '95.189.112.214:35508', ]
使用 ip代理池:
# request.meta['proxy'] = 'http://ip/port' # 判断请求协议头 #拦截的是发生异常的请求对象 def process_exception(self, request, exception, spider): #设置代理ip if request.url.split(':')[0] == 'http': request.meta['proxy'] = 'http://'+random.choice(self.PROXY_http) else: request.meta['proxy'] = 'https://'+random.choice(self.PROXY_https)
- 验证 使用 百度查询 请求ip 地址
提高scrapy 爬取效率
修改的 配置项
标签:like,Chrome,IP,Mozilla,中间件,Scrapy,AppleWebKit,Safari,KHTML 来源: https://www.cnblogs.com/zhang-zi-yi/p/10749440.html