DBUnit使用介绍
作者:互联网
一、DbUnit设计理念
熟悉单元测试的开发人员都知道,在对数据库进行单元测试时候,通常采用的方案有运用模拟对象(mock objects)和stubs两种。通过隔离关联的数据库访问类,比如JDBC的相关操作类,来达到对数据库操作的模拟测试。然而某些特殊的系统,比如利 用了EJB的CMP(container-managed persistence)的系统,数据库的访问对象是在最底层而且很隐蔽的,那么这两种解决方案对这些系统就显得力不从心了。
DBUnit的设计理念就是在测试之前,备份数据库,然后给对象数据库植入我们需要的准备数据,最后,在测试完毕后,读入备份数据库,回溯到测试前的状态;而且又因为DBUnit是对JUnit的一种扩展,开发人员可以通过创建测试用例代码,在这些测试用例的生命周期内来对数据库的操作结果进行比较。
二、DbUnit测试基本概念和流程
基于DbUnit 的测试的主要接口是IDataSet。IDataSet代表一个或多个表的数据。
可以将数据库模式的全部内容表示为单个IDataSet 实例。这些表本身由Itable 实例来表示。
IDataSet 的实现有很多,每一个都对应一个不同的数据源或加载机制。最常用的几种 IDataSet实现为:
FlatXmlDataSet:数据的简单平面文件 XML 表示 QueryDataSet:用 SQL 查询获得的数据 DatabaseDataSet:数据库表本身内容的一种表示 XlsDataSet :数据的excel表示
DBUnit支持的数据库包括,db2,h2,hsqldb,mckoi,mssql,mysql,netezza,oralce,postgresql.
三、DBUnit测试流程:
一般而言,使用DbUnit进行单元测试的流程如下: 1 根据业务,做好测试用的准备数据和预想结果数据,通常准备成xml格式文件。 2 在setUp()方法里边备份数据库中的关联表。 3 在setUp()方法里边读入准备数据。 4 对测试类的对应测试方法进行实装:执行对象方法,把数据库的实际执行结果和预想结果进行比较。 5 在tearDown()方法里边,把数据库还原到测试前状态。
四、实例开发:
1、新建一个pom工程,加入相关依赖:
<dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.11</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.dbunit</groupId> <artifactId>dbunit</artifactId> <version>2.5.3</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-nop</artifactId> <version>1.7.24</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>5.1.38</version> </dependency>
2、新建工程相关目录
BaseDao.java文件:
public class BaseDao { private static Connection CONNECTION_INSTANCE = null; protected Connection getConnection() throws Exception{ if(null==CONNECTION_INSTANCE){ Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"); CONNECTION_INSTANCE=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/test","root","root"); } return CONNECTION_INSTANCE; } protected void closeConnection() throws Exception{ if(null!=CONNECTION_INSTANCE){ if(!CONNECTION_INSTANCE.isClosed()){ CONNECTION_INSTANCE.close(); } CONNECTION_INSTANCE=null; } } }
DBUnitUtils.java文件
public class DBUnitUtils { //产生数据集 public static void generateDatasetDtd(String[] tables) throws Exception{ QueryDataSet dataSet=new QueryDataSet(DButils.getDataBaseConnection()); for(String _table:tables){ dataSet.addTable(_table); } FlatDtdDataSet.write(dataSet, new FileOutputStream(new File("resource/tmp.dtd"))); //FlatXmlDataSet.write(dataSet,new FileOutputStream(new File("resource/dbunit1.xml"))); } //备份表数据 public static void backupDatabase(String[] tables,File backupFile) throws Exception{ QueryDataSet dataSet=new QueryDataSet(DButils.getDataBaseConnection()); for(String _table:tables){ dataSet.addTable(_table); } FlatXmlDataSet.write(dataSet, new FileOutputStream(backupFile)); } //清空表数据,并导入测试数据 public static void importTables(File dataFile) throws Exception{ IDataSet dataSet=new FlatXmlDataSetBuilder().build(dataFile); DatabaseOperation.CLEAN_INSERT.execute(DButils.getDataBaseConnection(), dataSet); } //清空表数据,恢复备份数据 public static void resumeDatabase(File backupFile) throws Exception{ IDataSet dataSet=new FlatXmlDataSetBuilder().build(backupFile); DatabaseOperation.CLEAN_INSERT.execute(DButils.getDataBaseConnection(), dataSet); } }
DButils.java文件
public class DButils { private static IDatabaseConnection conn; //通过dbUnit创建数据库连接 public static IDatabaseConnection getDataBaseConnection() throws ClassNotFoundException, SQLException, DatabaseUnitException{ if(conn==null){ Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"); Connection dbConn=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test", "root", "root"); conn =new MySqlConnection(dbConn,"test"); return conn; } return conn; } //关闭数据库连接 public static void closeConnection(){ if(conn!=null){ try { conn.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } conn=null; } }
User.java文件
public class User { private long id; private String username; private String password; private String name; public long getId() { return id; } public void setId(long id) { this.id = id; } public String getUsername() { return username; } public void setUsername(String username) { this.username = username; } public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } }
UserService.java文件
public interface UserService { public long create(User user) throws Exception; public void update(User user) throws Exception; public User get(Long id) throws Exception; public void delete(Long id) throws Exception; public List<User> list() throws Exception; }
UserServiceImpl.java文件
public class UserServiceImpl extends BaseDao implements UserService{ //新增用户返回主键 public long create(User user) throws Exception { Long id=null; PreparedStatement stm=getConnection().prepareStatement("insert into user(username, password, name) values(?, ?, ?)", Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS); stm.setString(1, user.getName()); stm.setString(2, user.getPassword()); stm.setString(3, user.getName()); stm.executeUpdate(); ResultSet rs=stm.getGeneratedKeys(); if(rs.first()){ id=rs.getLong(1); } return id; } //更新用户 public void update(User user) throws Exception { PreparedStatement stm = getConnection().prepareStatement("update user set password = ?, name = ? where username = ?", Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS); stm.setString(1, user.getPassword()); stm.setString(2, user.getName()); stm.setString(3, user.getUsername()); stm.executeUpdate(); closeConnection(); } //获取用户 public User get(Long id) throws Exception { User user = null; PreparedStatement stm = getConnection().prepareStatement("select username, password, name from user where id=?"); stm.setLong(1, id); ResultSet rs = stm.executeQuery(); if (rs.first()) { user = new User(); user.setUsername(rs.getString(1)); user.setPassword(rs.getString(2)); user.setName(rs.getString(3)); user.setId(id); } closeConnection(); return user; } //删除用户 public void delete(Long id) throws Exception { PreparedStatement stm = getConnection().prepareStatement("delete from user where id=?"); stm.setLong(1, id); stm.executeUpdate(); closeConnection(); } //返回所有用户列表 public List<User> list() throws Exception { List<User> users = new ArrayList<User>(); PreparedStatement stm = getConnection().prepareStatement("select username, password, name, id from user"); ResultSet rs = stm.executeQuery(); while (rs.next()) { User user = new User(); user.setUsername(rs.getString(1)); user.setPassword(rs.getString(2)); user.setName(rs.getString(3)); user.setId(rs.getLong(4)); users.add(user); } closeConnection(); return users; } }
UserServiceDBTestCase.java文件
public class UserServiceDBTestCase extends DatabaseTestCase{ private UserService userService; @Override //新建一个userDao对象 protected void setUp() throws Exception { super.setUp(); userService = new UserServiceImpl(); } @Override //清空userDao对象 protected void tearDown() throws Exception { super.tearDown(); userService = null; } @Override //获取数据库连接 protected IDatabaseConnection getConnection() throws Exception { Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"); Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test", "root", "root"); return new MySqlConnection(conn, "test"); } //获取输入数据流 @Override protected IDataSet getDataSet() throws Exception { InputStream is = getClass().getResourceAsStream("/test-data.xml"); return new FlatXmlDataSetBuilder().build(is); } //测试数据的创建 public void testCreate() throws Exception{ User user = new User(); user.setName("testdata"); user.setPassword("testPassword"); user.setUsername("testAdmin"); Long id = userService.create(user); assertNotNull(id); User dbUser =userService.get(id); assertNotNull(dbUser); assertEquals("testAdmin", dbUser.getUsername()); assertEquals("testPassword", dbUser.getPassword()); assertEquals("testAdministrator", dbUser.getName()); } public void testGet() throws Exception{ User user = userService.get(1L); assertNotNull(user); assertEquals("admin1", user.getUsername()); assertEquals("123", user.getPassword()); assertEquals("Administrator1", user.getName()); User nullUser = userService.get(0L); assertNull(nullUser); } public void testDelete() throws Exception{ User user = userService.get(1L); assertNotNull(user); userService.delete(1L); User nullUser = userService.get(1L); assertNull(nullUser); } public void testList() throws Exception{ List<User> users = userService.list(); assertNotNull(users); assertEquals(4, users.size()); } }
UserServiceTestCase.java文件
public class UserServiceTestCase extends TestCase{ private UserService userService; private File backupFile=new File("resource/backup-data.xml"); @Override protected void setUp() throws Exception { userService=new UserServiceImpl(); } @Before public void setUpData() throws Exception { //备份原来的数据 DBUnitUtils.backupDatabase(new String []{"user"}, backupFile); //导入测试数据 DBUnitUtils.importTables(new File("resource/test-data.xml")); } @After public void tearDownData() throws Exception{ //恢复备份数据 DBUnitUtils.resumeDatabase(backupFile); //关闭数据库连接 DButils.closeConnection(); } public void testCreate() throws Exception{ DBUnitUtils.importTables(new File("resource/test-data.xml")); User user = new User(); DBUnitUtils.resumeDatabase(backupFile); DButils.closeConnection(); user.setName("testdata"); user.setPassword("testPassword"); user.setUsername("testAdmin"); Long id = userService.create(user); assertNotNull(id); User dbUser =userService.get(id); assertNotNull(dbUser); assertEquals("testAdmin", dbUser.getUsername()); assertEquals("testPassword", dbUser.getPassword()); assertEquals("testAdministrator", dbUser.getName()); } public void testGet() throws Exception{ User user = userService.get(1L); assertNotNull(user); assertEquals("admin1", user.getUsername()); assertEquals("123", user.getPassword()); assertEquals("Administrator1", user.getName()); User nullUser = userService.get(0L); assertNull(nullUser); } public void testDelete() throws Exception{ User user = userService.get(1L); assertNotNull(user); userService.delete(1L); User nullUser = userService.get(1L); assertNull(nullUser); } public void testList() throws Exception{ List<User> users = userService.list(); assertNotNull(users); assertEquals(4, users.size()); } }
test-data.xml文件
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?> <dataset> <user id="1" username="test-user1" password="test-user1" name="test-user1"/> <user id="2" username="test-user2" password="test-user2" name="test-user2"/> </dataset>
接下来测试结果:
总结:
使用了DBUnit后可以实现了对数据库的隔离,成功弥补了JUnit单元测试不清理数据现场的缺憾,实际上DBUnit只是简单的在单元测试前把数据库的数据进行了备份然后插入xml中配置好的数据,在测试结束后再用备份好的原数据库数据填充回数据库.但当面对复杂的表关系和大数据量的时候,每次进行测试都进行数据的备份,也是一个很大的负担,而且把全部的测试数据都编写在xml当中也是很大的工作量
标签:DBUnit,void,Exception,介绍,throws,user,使用,public,User 来源: https://www.cnblogs.com/shawWey/p/10653984.html