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lamp架构的部署

作者:互联网

lamp架构的部署

目录

1.什么是lamp架构

所谓lamp,其实就是由Linux+Apache+Mysql/MariaDB+Php/Perl/Python的一组动态网站或者服务器的开源软件,除Linux外其它各部件本身都是各自独立的程序,但是因为经常被放在一起使用,拥有了越来越高的兼容度,共同组成了一个强大的Web应用程序平台。

LAMP指的是Linux(操作系统)、Apache(HTTP服务器)、MySQL(也指MariaDB,数据库软件)和PHP(有时也是指Perl或Python)的第一个字母,一般用来建立web应用平台。

web服务器工作流程

2.lamp平台构建

环境说明

系统平台 IP 所需安装的服务
centos8 192.168.169.139 httpd-2.4
mysql-5.7
php
php-mysql

安装顺序

httpd ——> mysql ——> php

2.1 安装httpd

//配置yum源
[root@zzd139 ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo
[root@zzd139 ~]# sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
[root@zzd139 ~]# dnf clean all
[root@zzd139 ~]# dnf list all

//配置epel源
[root@zzd139 ~]# yum install -y https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm
[root@zzd139 ~]# sed -i 's|^#baseurl=https://download.example/pub|baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*
[root@zzd139 ~]# sed -i 's|^metalink|#metalink|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*
[root@zzd139 ~]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/
CentOS-Base.repo  epel-modular.repo  epel.repo  epel-testing-modular.repo  epel-testing.repo
[root@zzd139 ~]# dnf clean all
[root@zzd139 ~]# dnf makecache

//安装依赖包和工具包
[root@zzd139 ~]# dnf -y install openssl-devel pcre-devel expat-devel libtool gcc gcc-c++ vim make wget

//创建apache服务的用户
[root@zzd139 ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin apache

//下载和apr、apr-util、httpd源码包
[root@zzd139 ~]# wget https://downloads.apache.org/apr/apr-1.7.0.tar.gz
[root@zzd139 ~]# wget https://downloads.apache.org/apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz
[root@zzd139 ~]# wget https://downloads.apache.org/httpd/httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz

//编译安装apr
[root@zzd139 ~]# tar xf apr-1.7.0.tar.gz 
[root@zzd139 ~]# cd apr-1.7.0/
[root@zzd139 apr-1.7.0]# vim configure
	cfgfile=${ofile}T
    trap "$RM \"$cfgfile\"; exit 1" 1 2 15
    #$RM "$cfgfile"	 	将这行注释掉或者删掉
[root@zzd139 apr-1.7.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr
[root@zzd139 apr-1.7.0]# make && make install

//编译安装apr-util
[root@zzd139 apr-util-1.6.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr
[root@zzd139 apr-util-1.6.1]# make && make install

//编译安装httpd
[root@zzd139 ~]# tar xf httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz 
[root@zzd139 ~]# cd httpd-2.4.54/
[root@zzd139 httpd-2.4.54]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache \
> --enable-so \
> --enable-ssl \
> --enable-cgi \
> --enable-rewrite \
> --with-zlib \
> --with-pcre \
> --with-apr=/usr/local/apr \
> --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util/ \
> --enable-modules=most \
> --enable-mpms-shared=all \
> --with-mpm=prefork

[root@zzd139 httpd-2.4.54]# make && make install

//配置apache全局环境变量
[root@zzd139 local]# echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/apache/bin" > /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
[root@zzd139 local]# source /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
[root@zzd139 local]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin:/usr/local/apache/bin

//配置apache的include头文件,能够让系统识别
[root@zzd139 local]# ln -s /usr/local/apache/include/ /usr/include/httpd
[root@zzd139 local]# ll /usr/include/httpd
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 26 Aug  2 21:19 /usr/include/httpd -> /usr/local/apache/include/

//编辑apache的man文档
[root@zzd139 local]# vim /etc/man_db.conf
//添加如下内容
	MANDATORY_MANPATH                       /usr/local/apache/man

//将主配置文件里的'#ServerName'行的注释去掉
[root@zzd139 apache]# sed -i '/#ServerName/s/#//g' /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf

//使用systemd风格管理apache
[root@zzd139 ~]# cd /usr/lib/systemd/system
[root@zzd139 system]# cp sshd.service httpd.service
[root@zzd139 system]# vim httpd.service 
    [Unit]
    Description=web server daemon
    Documentation=man:httpd(5)
    After=network.target sshd-keygen.target

    [Service]
    Type=forking
    ExecStart=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl start
    ExecStop=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl stop
    ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID

    [Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target
//关闭防火墙
[root@zzd139 system]# systemctl disable --now firewalld.service 
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@zzd139 system]# vim /etc/selinux/config 
	SELINUX=enforcing——>SELINUX=disabled
[root@zzd139 system]# setenforce  0

//重新加载服务
[root@zzd139 system]# systemctl daemon-reload

//启动httpd服务
[root@zzd139 system]# systemctl start httpd.service 
[root@zzd139 system]# systemctl status httpd.service 
● httpd.service - web server daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Tue 2022-08-02 21:30:42 CST; 26s ago
     Docs: man:httpd(5)
  Process: 49156 ExecStart=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 49159 (httpd)
    Tasks: 6 (limit: 5770)
   Memory: 4.8M
   CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
           ├─49159 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start
           ├─49160 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start
           ├─49161 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start
           ├─49162 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start
           ├─49163 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start
           └─49164 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start

Aug 02 21:30:42 zzd139 systemd[1]: Starting web server daemon...
Aug 02 21:30:42 zzd139 systemd[1]: Started web server daemon.
[root@zzd139 system]# ss -antl
State           Recv-Q          Send-Q                   Local Address:Port                    Peer Address:Port          Process          
LISTEN          0               128                            0.0.0.0:22                           0.0.0.0:*                              
LISTEN          0               128                                  *:80                                 *:*                              
LISTEN          0               128                               [::]:22                              [::]:* 

//设置httpd开机自启
[root@zzd139 ~]# systemctl enable httpd.service 
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.

2.2 安装mysql

//卸载mariadb
[root@zzd139 ~]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb
mariadb-connector-c-devel-3.1.11-2.el8_3.x86_64
mariadb-connector-c-config-3.1.11-2.el8_3.noarch
mariadb-devel-10.3.28-1.module_el8.3.0+757+d382997d.x86_64
mariadb-connector-c-3.1.11-2.el8_3.x86_64
[root@zzd139 ~]# dnf -y remove mariadb*

//安装依赖包
[root@zzd139 ~]# dnf -y install ncurses-devel openssl-devel openssl cmake mariadb-devel	ncurses-compat-libs

//创建mysql用户
[root@zzd139 ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql

//下载mysql-5.7二进制安装包
[root@zzd139 ~]# wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

//将mysql解压安装到/usr/local下
[root@zzd139 ~]# tar xf mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@zzd139 ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@zzd139 local]# mv mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql
[root@zzd139 local]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/
[root@zzd139 local]# ll -d mysql/
drwxr-xr-x. 9 mysql mysql 129 Aug  2 21:39 mysql/

//配置环境变量
[root@zzd139 ~]# echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@zzd139 ~]# source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh 
[root@zzd139 ~]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin:/usr/local/apache/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin

//让系统可以识别mysql的lib库文件
[root@zzd139 ~]# echo "/usr/local/mysql/lib" > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
[root@zzd139 ~]# ldconfig 

//让系统可以识别mysql的include文件
[root@zzd139 ~]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/include/ /usr/include/mysql

//配置man文档
[root@zzd139 ~]# vim /etc/man_db.conf 
//添加如下内容
	MANDATORY_MANPATH                       /usr/local/mysql/man

//创建mysql数据存放目录
[root@zzd139 ~]# mkdir -p /opt/data
[root@zzd139 ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/data/
[root@zzd139 ~]# ll -d /opt/data/
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 6 Aug  2 21:51 /opt/data/

//初始化数据库
[root@zzd139 ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user mysql --datadir /opt/data/
2022-08-02T13:53:55.291599Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2022-08-02T13:53:55.454892Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2022-08-02T13:53:55.479049Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2022-08-02T13:53:55.532736Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 8cbc24af-126a-11ed-af9b-000c29f177ce.
2022-08-02T13:53:55.533262Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2022-08-02T13:53:55.960572Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.
2022-08-02T13:53:55.960585Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1.1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.
2022-08-02T13:53:55.960970Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2022-08-02T13:53:55.999193Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: h#fimeZ?q8dB
//将初始密码保存到本地
[root@zzd139 ~]# echo 'h#fimeZ?q8dB' > ~/pass
[root@zzd139 ~]# cat ~/pass 
h#fimeZ?q8dB

//编辑mysql配置文件
[root@zzd139 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
    [mysqld]
    basedir = /usr/local/mysql
    datadir = /opt/data
    socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
    port = 3306
    pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid
    user = mysql
    skip-name-resolve

//配置服务启动脚本
[root@zzd139 ~]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@zzd139 ~]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld
//找到一下两行,此为更改后的内容
    basedir=/usr/local/mysql
    datadir=/opt/data
[root@zzd139 ~]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld

//开启mysqld服务
[root@zzd139 ~]# service mysqld start 
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/opt/data/zzd139.err'.
 SUCCESS! 
 [root@zzd139 ~]# ss -antl
State           Recv-Q          Send-Q                   Local Address:Port                    Peer Address:Port          Process          
LISTEN          0               128                            0.0.0.0:22                           0.0.0.0:*                              
LISTEN          0               80                                   *:3306                               *:*                              
LISTEN          0               128                                  *:80                                 *:*                              
LISTEN          0               128                               [::]:22                              [::]:* 
 //设置mysql开机自启
 [root@zzd139 ~]# chkconfig --add mysqld 
[root@zzd139 ~]# chkconfig --list 

Note: This output shows SysV services only and does not include native
      systemd services. SysV configuration data might be overridden by native
      systemd configuration.

      If you want to list systemd services use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.
      To see services enabled on particular target use
      'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'.

mysqld         	0:off	1:off	2:on	3:on	4:on	5:on	6:off

//登录mysql并修改密码
[root@zzd139 ~]# mysql -uroot -p'h#fimeZ?q8dB'

mysql> set password = password('123456!');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

[root@zzd139 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456!

2.3 安装php

//安装依赖包
[root@zzd139 ~]# dnf -y install libxml2 libxml2-devel openssl openssl-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel libcurl libcurl-devel libicu-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel openldap-devel  pcre-devel freetype freetype-devel gmp gmp-devel libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel readline readline-devel libxslt libxslt-devel mhash mhash-devel php-mysqlnd libsqlite3x-devel http://mirror.centos.org/centos/8-stream/PowerTools/x86_64/os/Packages/oniguruma-devel-6.8.2-2.el8.x86_64.rpm libzip-devel

//下载php源码包
[root@zzd139 ~]# wget https://www.php.net/distributions/php-7.4.30.tar.xz

//编译安装php
[root@zzd139 php-7.4.30]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php7  \
> --with-config-file-path=/etc \
> --enable-fpm \
> --enable-inline-optimization \
> --disable-debug \
> --disable-rpath \
> --enable-shared \
> --enable-soap \
> --with-openssl \
> --enable-bcmath \
> --with-iconv \
> --with-bz2 \
> --enable-calendar \
> --with-curl \
> --enable-exif  \
> --enable-ftp \
> --enable-gd \
> --with-jpeg \
> --with-zlib-dir \
> --with-freetype \
> --with-gettext \
> --enable-json \
> --enable-mbstring \
> --enable-pdo \
> --with-mysqli=mysqlnd \
> --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \
> --with-readline \
> --enable-shmop \
> --enable-simplexml \
> --enable-sockets \
> --with-zip \
> --enable-mysqlnd-compression-support \
> --with-pear \
> --enable-pcntl \
> --enable-posix
…………
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| License:                                                           |
| This software is subject to the PHP License, available in this     |
| distribution in the file LICENSE. By continuing this installation  |
| process, you are bound by the terms of this license agreement.     |
| If you do not agree with the terms of this license, you must abort |
| the installation process at this point.                            |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+

Thank you for using PHP.
//看到以上信息就是成功了
[root@zzd139 php-7.4.30]# make && make install

//配置环境变量
[root@zzd139 php7]# echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/php7/bin" > /etc/profile.d/php7.sh
[root@zzd139 php7]# source /etc/profile.d/php7.sh 
[root@zzd139 php7]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin:/usr/local/apache/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/php7/bin
[root@zzd139 php7]# which php
/usr/local/php7/bin/php
[root@zzd139 php7]# php -v
PHP 7.4.30 (cli) (built: Aug  2 2022 23:07:12) ( NTS )
Copyright (c) The PHP Group
Zend Engine v3.4.0, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies

//配置头文件
[root@zzd139 php7]# ln -s /usr/local/php7/include/ /usr/include/php7

//配置库文件
[root@zzd139 php7]# echo "/usr/local/php7/lib" > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/php7.conf
[root@zzd139 php7]# ldconfig 

//配置php-fpm
[root@zzd139 ~]# cd ~/php-7.4.30/
[root@zzd139 php-7.4.30]# cp php.ini-production  /etc/php.ini
cp: overwrite '/etc/php.ini'? y
[root@zzd139 php-7.4.30]# cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
[root@zzd139 php-7.4.30]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm 
[root@zzd139 php-7.4.30]# cd /usr/local/php7/etc/
[root@zzd139 etc]# ls
pear.conf  php-fpm.conf.default  php-fpm.d
[root@zzd139 etc]# cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf
[root@zzd139 etc]# cd php-fpm.d/
[root@zzd139 php-fpm.d]# ls
www.conf.default
[root@zzd139 php-fpm.d]# cp www.conf.default www.conf

//启动php-fpm
[root@zzd139 php-fpm.d]# service php-fpm start 
Starting php-fpm  done
//默认情况下,监听9000端口
[root@zzd139 php-fpm.d]# ss -antl
State           Recv-Q          Send-Q                   Local Address:Port                    Peer Address:Port          Process          
LISTEN          0               128                          127.0.0.1:9000                         0.0.0.0:*                              
LISTEN          0               128                            0.0.0.0:22                           0.0.0.0:*                              
LISTEN          0               80                                   *:3306                               *:*                              
LISTEN          0               128                                  *:80                                 *:*                              
LISTEN          0               128                               [::]:22                              [::]:*  

//设置php-fpm开机自启
[root@zzd139 php-fpm.d]# chkconfig --add php-fpm 
[root@zzd139 php-fpm.d]# chkconfig --list 

Note: This output shows SysV services only and does not include native
      systemd services. SysV configuration data might be overridden by native
      systemd configuration.

      If you want to list systemd services use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.
      To see services enabled on particular target use
      'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'.

mysqld         	0:off	1:off	2:on	3:on	4:on	5:on	6:off
php-fpm        	0:off	1:off	2:on	3:on	4:on	5:on	6:off

2.4 安装php过程中会遇到的报错信息以及解决方法

//报错信息
error: Package requirements (sqlite3 > 3.7.4) were not met:
//解决方法
[root@zzd139 php-7.4.30]# dnf -y install libsqlite3x-devel

//报错信息
error: Package requirements (oniguruma) were not met:
//解决方法
[root@zzd139 php-7.4.30]# dnf -y install http://mirror.centos.org/centos/8-stream/PowerTools/x86_64/os/Packages/oniguruma-devel-6.8.2-2.el8.x86_64.rpm

//报错信息
error: Package requirements (libzip >= 0.11 libzip != 1.3.1 libzip != 1.7.0) were not met:
//解决方法
[root@zzd139 php-7.4.30]# dnf -y install libzip-devel

标签:架构,部署,local,mysql,--,lamp,usr,zzd139,root
来源: https://www.cnblogs.com/zicnotes/p/16545573.html