column

A column or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a structural element that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural elements below. In other words, a column is a compression member [抗压构件]. The term column applies especially to a large round support (the shaft of the column) with a capital [柱头] and a base or pedestal [柱脚; 柱基], which is made of stone, or appearing to be so. A small wooden or metal support is typically called a post, and supports with a rectangular or other non-round section are usually called piers [墩].

The word "pedestal" comes from the Old Italian word "piedestallo" (pie di stallo), which means "foot of the stall [(售货/其它)摊/栏的脚]". The word "pedestrian" comes from the Latin word "pedester", which means "going on foot." "pes" is a Latin word which means "foot."

For the purpose of wind or earthquake engineering, columns may be designed to resist lateral forces [横向力; 侧向力]. Other compression members are often termed "columns" because of the similar stress conditions. Columns are frequently used to support beams or arches on which the upper parts of walls or ceilings rest.

In architecture, "column" refers to such a structural element that also has certain proportional and decorative features. A column might also be a decorative element not needed for structural purposes; many columns are engaged, that is to say form part of a wall. A long sequence of columns joined by an entablature is known as a colonnade [柱廊].

编辑文本/文档时，column是“列”的意思。列：排成的行，如：罗～、行～、队～、～岛。Column经常缩写为col.

In database, a column is a set of data values of a particular type in a relational database [关系型数据库]。关系模型可以简单理解为二维表格模型。关系型数据库由若干个二维表和表之间的关系组成。比如id这个field(字段)同时出现在表A和表B里。

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A beam [梁] is a long thick bar of wood, metal, or concrete, especially one used to support the roof of a building.

Brackets [架] are pieces of metal, wood, or plastic that are fastened to a wall in order to support something such as a shelf.

六级/考研单词: pillar, transmit, shaft, stall, pedestrian, earthquake, seldom, beam, engage, data, fasten

标签：word,means,column,support,columns,structural
来源： https://www.cnblogs.com/funwithwords/p/16532830.html