WPF 窗体自适应
作者:互联网
WPF 窗口大小自适应
在设置桌面不同分辨率以及较大DPI下,窗口如何显示的问题。
方案一 设置窗口最大值和最小值显示
通过对比当前屏幕的可显示区域,将窗口高宽最大值和最小值,设置为窗口的实际高宽(此例中仅设置高度)
界面设置
设置窗口内容自适应SizeToContent="WidthAndHeight"
添加ViewBox -- 设置默认不拉伸Stretch="None",当DPI超大时如超过1920*1080p的175%(即win10默认不支持的比例显示),开启ViewBox缩放
顶层布局容器RootGrid添加高宽最大值和最小值。
1 <Window x:Class="WindowHeightChangedForDpi.MainWindow"
2 xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
3 xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
4 xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
5 xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
6 xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WindowHeightChangedForDpi"
7 mc:Ignorable="d"
8 Title="MainWindow" SizeToContent="WidthAndHeight" WindowStartupLocation="CenterScreen">
9
10
11
12
13
14
后台设置 - 窗口大小自适应设置
添加对Loaded事件的监听,并在之后注销。窗口只需要首次初始其高度即可。
获取屏幕的高度和任务栏的高度 -- 具体可以参考C# 获取当前屏幕的宽高和位置
比较当前可显示高度(屏幕高度-任务栏高度)与窗口的最大/最小高度,然后设置当前窗口的实际高度。
如果可显示高度比最小值还小,则开启ViewBox内容缩放。ViewBox的高度为当前可显示高度。
如果当前窗口有阴影,可设置阴影高度大小。保证窗口在可显示区域内正常显示。
1 public partial class MainWindow : Window
2 {
3 public MainWindow()
4 {
5 InitializeComponent();
6 Loaded += InitWindowActualHeight_OnLoaded;
7 }
8
9 #region 设置窗口对屏幕高度的自适应
10
11 private void InitWindowActualHeight_OnLoaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
12 {
13 Loaded -= InitWindowActualHeight_OnLoaded;
14 InitWindowActualHeight();
15 }
16
17 private const double WindowShadowHeight = 0;
18
19 private void InitWindowActualHeight()
20 {
21 //获取窗体所在屏幕的高度
22 var visibleAreaHeight = GetScreenHeight();
23
24 //可显示高度 > 窗口最大高度
25 if (visibleAreaHeight > RootGrid.MaxHeight + WindowShadowHeight)
26 {
27 //设置高度等于最大高度
28 RootGrid.Height = RootGrid.MaxHeight;
29 }
30 //可显示高度 < 窗口最小高度
31 else if (visibleAreaHeight < RootGrid.MinHeight + WindowShadowHeight)
32 {
33 //设置Viewbox高度=可视高度-阴影高度(此处通过绽放显示窗口,所以不能通过设置窗口或者设置内容的高度来实现)
34 RootViewbox.Height = visibleAreaHeight - WindowShadowHeight;
35 //等比例缩小
36 RootViewbox.Stretch = Stretch.Uniform;
37 }
38 else
39 {
40 //设置高度等于最小高度
41 RootGrid.Height = RootGrid.MinHeight;
42 }
43 }
44 const double DpiPercent = 96;
45 private double GetScreenHeight()
46 {
47 var intPtr = new WindowInteropHelper(this).Handle;//获取当前窗口的句柄
48 var screen = Screen.FromHandle(intPtr);//获取当前屏幕
49
50 double height = 0;
51 using (Graphics currentGraphics = Graphics.FromHwnd(intPtr))
52 {
53 double dpiXRatio = currentGraphics.DpiX / DpiPercent;
54 double dpiYRatio = currentGraphics.DpiY / DpiPercent;
55 height = screen.WorkingArea.Height / dpiYRatio;
56 //var width = screen.WorkingArea.Width / dpiXRatio;
57 //var left = screen.WorkingArea.Left / dpiXRatio;
58 //var top = screen.WorkingArea.Top / dpiYRatio;
59 }
60 return height;
61 }
62 #endregion
63 }
注:获取的屏幕高度为屏幕像素,需要转换为WPF单位。
以上只是设置了高度的最大值最值,如果需要,可以对高度设置多个梯度,对应不同分辨率下的显示。
下载Demo
方案二 设置窗口为屏幕的百分比(如60%)显示
窗口设置为屏幕的百分比大小(如60%高宽)显示,在这基础上添加限制(最大值、最小值)。
如此,对多种分辨率、DPI比例,我们开发时就不需要考虑其它因素,简单明了且所有窗口大小能统一。
比如主窗口A设置为屏幕可显示区域的60%大小,二级子窗口设置为可显示区域的40%大小,三级子窗口设置为可显示区域的30%大小。
实现方案与案例
通过添加附加属性,设置当前窗口宽为可显示区域的80%大小,高为可显示区域高的75%大小。
1 <Window x:Class="WindowSizeToScreenRatioDisplay.MainWindow"
2 xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
3 xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
4 xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
5 xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
6 xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WindowSizeToScreenRatioDisplay"
7 mc:Ignorable="d"
8 Title="MainWindow"
9 local:WindowAdaptation.WidthByScreenRatio="0.8" MaxWidth="1200" MinWidth="800"
10 local:WindowAdaptation.HeightByScreenRatio="0.75" MaxHeight="800" MinHeight="520">
11
12
13
14
添加附加属性 WidthByScreenRatio、HeightByScreenRatio。
控制窗口大小:
默认设置为当前屏幕工作区域的显示比例大小
如果超过窗口最大高度/宽高,则显示为窗口最大高度/宽高
如果小于窗口最小高度/宽高,则显示为当前可显示区域的最大高度/宽高
1 ///
2 /// 为窗口
3 ///
4 public class WindowAdaptation
5 {
6 #region 窗口宽度比例
7 ///
8 /// 窗口宽度比例 单位:小数(0 - 1.0]
9 ///
10 ///
11 public static readonly DependencyProperty WidthByScreenRatioProperty = DependencyProperty.RegisterAttached(
12 "WidthByScreenRatio", typeof(double), typeof(WindowAdaptation), new PropertyMetadata(1.0, OnWidthByScreenRatioPropertyChanged));
13
14 private static void OnWidthByScreenRatioPropertyChanged(DependencyObject d, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)
15 {
16 if (d is Window window && e.NewValue is double widthByScreenRatio)
17 {
18 if (widthByScreenRatio <= 0 || widthByScreenRatio > 1)
19 {
20 throw new ArgumentException($"屏幕比例不支持{widthByScreenRatio}");
21 }
22
23 var screenDisplayArea = GetScreenSize(window);
24 var screenRatioWidth = screenDisplayArea.Width * widthByScreenRatio;
25
26 if (!double.IsNaN(window.MaxWidth) && screenRatioWidth > window.MaxWidth)
27 {
28 window.Width = window.MaxWidth;
29 }
30 else if (!double.IsNaN(window.MinWidth) && screenRatioWidth < window.MinWidth)
31 {
32 window.Width = screenDisplayArea.Width;
33 }
34 else
35 {
36 window.Width = screenRatioWidth;
37 }
38 }
39 }
40
41 public static void SetWidthByScreenRatio(DependencyObject element, double value)
42 {
43 element.SetValue(WidthByScreenRatioProperty, value);
44 }
45
46 public static double GetWidthByScreenRatio(DependencyObject element)
47 {
48 return (double)element.GetValue(WidthByScreenRatioProperty);
49 }
50 #endregion
51
52 #region 窗口高度比例
53 ///
54 /// 窗口宽度比例 单位:小数(0 - 1.0]
55 ///
56 ///
57 public static readonly DependencyProperty HeightByScreenRatioProperty = DependencyProperty.RegisterAttached(
58 "HeightByScreenRatio", typeof(double), typeof(WindowAdaptation), new PropertyMetadata(1.0, OnHeightByScreenRatioPropertyChanged));
59
60 private static void OnHeightByScreenRatioPropertyChanged(DependencyObject d, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)
61 {
62 if (d is Window window && e.NewValue is double heightByScreenRatio)
63 {
64 if (heightByScreenRatio <= 0 || heightByScreenRatio > 1)
65 {
66 throw new ArgumentException($"屏幕比例不支持{heightByScreenRatio}");
67 }
68
69 var screenDisplayArea = GetScreenSize(window);
70 var screenRatioHeight = screenDisplayArea.Height * heightByScreenRatio;
71
72 if (!double.IsNaN(window.MaxHeight) && screenRatioHeight > window.MaxHeight)
73 {
74 window.Height = window.MaxHeight;
75 }
76 else if (!double.IsNaN(window.MinHeight) && screenRatioHeight < window.MinHeight)
77 {
78 window.Height = screenDisplayArea.Height;
79 }
80 else
81 {
82 window.Height = screenRatioHeight;
83 }
84 }
85 }
86
87 public static void SetHeightByScreenRatio(DependencyObject element, double value)
88 {
89 element.SetValue(HeightByScreenRatioProperty, value);
90 }
91
92 public static double GetHeightByScreenRatio(DependencyObject element)
93 {
94 return (double)element.GetValue(HeightByScreenRatioProperty);
95 }
96 #endregion
97
98 const int DpiPercent = 96;
99 private static dynamic GetScreenSize(Window window)
100 {
101 var intPtr = new WindowInteropHelper(window).Handle;//获取当前窗口的句柄
102 var screen = Screen.FromHandle(intPtr);//获取当前屏幕
103 using (Graphics currentGraphics = Graphics.FromHwnd(intPtr))
104 {
105 //分别获取当前屏幕X/Y方向的DPI
106 double dpiXRatio = currentGraphics.DpiX / DpiPercent;
107 double dpiYRatio = currentGraphics.DpiY / DpiPercent;
108
109 var width = screen.WorkingArea.Width / dpiXRatio;
110 var height = screen.WorkingArea.Height / dpiYRatio;
111
112 return new { Width = width, Height = height };
113 }
114 }
115 }
下载 Demo
下图为1920*1080p的175%DPI显示:
下图为1366*768的125%DPI下显示:
标签:窗口,double,高度,适应,window,窗体,var,WPF,屏幕 来源: https://www.cnblogs.com/LCLBook/p/16531932.html