docker考试模拟题
作者：互联网
第一次作业：安装docker
请大家使用阿里云镜像站里的docker-ce源在线部署一个docker引擎，源地址：https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo部署完成后，运行docker version命令，并将命令及运行结果截图到答题区域。
答题步骤：
# 1.安装gcc相关环境（需要确保 虚拟机可以上外网)
yum -y install gcc
yum -y install gcc-c++
# 2.安装需要的软件包
yum install -y yum-utils
# 3.设置镜像仓库
yum-config-manager \
--add-repo \
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo #推荐使用阿里云的，十分的快
# 4.更新yum软件包索引
yum makecache fast
# 5.安装 Docker CE
yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
# 6.启动 Docker
systemctl start docker
# 7.测试
docker version #查看版本信息
docker run hello-world #拉取镜像
docker images #查看镜像
第二次作业：配置镜像加速器
答题步骤：
#创建文件夹
[root@docker ~]# mkdir -p /etc/docker
#配置加速器参数
[root@docker ~]# sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://z2uujcy0.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
#重启
[root@docker ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@docker ~]# systemctl restart docker
第三次作业：常规命令的使用
1、请你将官方镜像nginx:1.18和registry:latest下载到本地，并将命令及运行结果以文本形式提交到答题区域。
#下载nginx:1.18镜像
[root@docker ~]# docker pull nginx:1.18
1.18: Pulling from library/nginx
f7ec5a41d630: Pull complete
0b20d28b5eb3: Pull complete
1576642c9776: Pull complete
c12a848bad84: Pull complete
03f221d9cf00: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:e90ac5331fe095cea01b121a3627174b2e33e06e83720e9a934c7b8ccc9c55a0
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:1.18
docker.io/library/nginx:1.18
#下载registry:latest镜像
[root@docker ~]# docker pull registry:latest
latest: Pulling from library/registry
2408cc74d12b: Pull complete
ea60b727a1ce: Pull complete
c87369050336: Pull complete
e69d20d3dd20: Pull complete
fc30d7061437: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:bedef0f1d248508fe0a16d2cacea1d2e68e899b2220e2258f1b604e1f327d475
Status: Downloaded newer image for registry:latest
docker.io/library/registry:latest
2、请使用registry:latest搭建一个本地私有仓库，命名为registry，将本地宿主机的5000端口映射到容器的5000端口上，并将仓库设置为自动启动。请将命令及运行的结果以文本形式提交到答题区域。
#搭建本地私有仓库
[root@docker ~]# docker run -itd --name registry -p 5000:5000 --restart=always registry
23cf09d52cefc7bbeb24dc67452da4b87135b24d950c2d65435372f0bed632cd
#查看当前运行的容器
[root@docker ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
23cf09d52cef registry "/entrypoint.sh /etc…" 8 seconds ago Up 7 seconds 0.0.0.0:5000->5000/tcp, :::5000->5000/tcp registry
3、使用nginx:1.18镜像来启动一个nginx容器，容器命名为nginx-1,并将宿主机的8080端口映射到容器的80端口上，且将宿主机的/opt/nginx目录挂到容器内部nginx默认的主页路径（/usr/share/nginx/html）下，在/opt/nginx下创建一个主页文件index.html，编辑内容hello world，最后请你使用浏览器访问该主页。请将主页以截图形式提交到答题区域。
#启动一个nginx容器
[root@docker ~]# docker run -itd --name nginx-1 -p 8080:80 -v /opt/nginx:/usr/share/nginx/html nginx:1.18
5df1988907ed8fd35405084b456b1f4e8b77e274b934f3fa00fd5c5c667b6499
#查看最后一个容器
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -l
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
5df1988907ed nginx:1.18 "/docker-entrypoint.…" 13 seconds ago Up 12 seconds 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp, :::8080->80/tcp nginx-1
第四次作业：镜像的构建
1、请你在本地docker宿主机上加载registry的tar包为registry：latest镜像，并启动为私有仓库容器，将本地宿主机的5000端口映射到容器的5000端口，仓库命名为registry，设置为自启动状态。请将docker ps -l命令及运行结果截图提交到答题区域。
#将tar包加载为镜像
[root@docker ~]# docker load -i registry_latest.tar
d9ff549177a9: Loading layer 4.671MB/4.671MB
f641ef7a37ad: Loading layer 1.587MB/1.587MB
d5974ddb5a45: Loading layer 20.08MB/20.08MB
5bbc5831d696: Loading layer 3.584kB/3.584kB
73d61bf022fd: Loading layer 2.048kB/2.048kB
Loaded image: registry:latest
#查看加载后的镜像
[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
registry latest f32a97de94e1 3 years ago 25.8MB
#创建私有仓库
[root@docker ~]# docker run -itd --name registry --restart=always -p 5000:5000 registry:latest
72e407f423a2e8609ac1bd73fe499558fc5eae87ff5a6bdba0096ff848ee69ba
#查看最后一个容器
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -l
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
72e407f423a2 registry:latest "/entrypoint.sh /etc…" 10 seconds ago Up 9 seconds 0.0.0.0:5000->5000/tcp, :::5000->5000/tcp registry
2、下载官方的centos:7镜像，将该镜像上传到registry仓库。请将关键命令及运行结果以文本形式提交到答题区域。
#下载centos:7镜像
[root@docker ~]# docker pull centos:7
7: Pulling from library/centos
2d473b07cdd5: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:c73f515d06b0fa07bb18d8202035e739a494ce760aa73129f60f4bf2bd22b407
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:7
docker.io/library/centos:7
#添加
[root@docker ~]# vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"insecure-registries":["http://docker:5000"],
"registry-mirrors":["https://z2uujcy0.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
#给镜像打标签
[root@docker ~]# docker tag eeb6ee3f44bd docker:5000/centos:7
#推送镜像
[root@docker ~]# docker push docker:5000/centos:7
The push refers to repository [docker:5000/centos]
3、在远程docker主机上下载registry中的centos:7镜像，将该镜像运行为一个容器，命名为centos-7，进入容器安装net-tools工具，实现netstat命令的自由使用，并将该容器打包封装为新的镜像，命名为centos:net，重新上传至registry。请将关键命令及运行结果以文本形式提交到答题区域。
#下载centos:7镜像
[root@docker ~]# docker pull centos:7
7: Pulling from library/centos
2d473b07cdd5: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:9d4bcbbb213dfd745b58be38b13b996ebb5ac315fe75711bd618426a630e0987
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:7
docker.io/library/centos:7
#进入容器安装
[root@docker ~]# docker exec -it e0333f71d2ad /bin/bash
#安装包
[root@e0333f71d2ad /]# yum -y install net-tools
#测试
[root@e0333f71d2ad /]# netstat -pant
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
#构建成新的镜像
[root@docker ~]# docker commit -a "centos:net" e0333f71d2ad centos:net
sha256:6c23c6f76e8a5690fbeb37e7f5417b036e7e4b13b96d3192e727931079f42dfd
#查看构建后的镜像
[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos net 6c23c6f76e8a 8 seconds ago 375MB
centos 7 eeb6ee3f44bd 8 months ago 204MB
#给新的镜像打标签
[root@docker ~]# docker tag 6c23c6f76e8a docker:5000/centos:net
#推送镜像到本地仓库
[root@docker ~]# docker push 127.0.0.1:5000/centos:net
The push refers to repository [127.0.0.1:5000/centos]
f8138eaa45f0: Pushed
174f56854903: Pushed
net: digest: sha256:0337f571576519a533fb43fdced060472dcd183533012610639178a70131ec50 size: 741
4、在本地docker宿主机上，下载registry中的centos：net镜像，并将其保存为tar包。请将关键命令及运行结果以文本形式提交到答题区域。
#下载centos:net
[root@docker ~]# docker pull 127.0.0.1:5000/centos:net
net: Pulling from centos
Digest: sha256:0337f571576519a533fb43fdced060472dcd183533012610639178a70131ec50
Status: Image is up to date for 127.0.0.1:5000/centos:net
127.0.0.1:5000/centos:net
[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
127.0.0.1:5000/centos net 6c23c6f76e8a 28 minutes ago 375MB
[root@docker ~]# docker save -o centos_net.tar 127.0.0.1:5000/centos:net
[root@docker ~]# ls
centos_net.tar
5、在本地docker宿主机上，将registry中的centos：net镜像运行为容器，命名为centos-net，并在该容器中，通过/etc/hosts文件修改本容器主机IP映射为centos-net，然后将该容器导出为一个tar包。请将关键命令及运行结果以文本形式提交到答题区域。
[root@docker ~]# docker run -itd --name centos-net 6c23c6f76e8a
894552476d79fb7f36e04d524a9bc75d02b665fdcf9ef7218c78b30d01c8cd21
[root@docker ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
894552476d79 6c23c6f76e8a "/bin/bash" 6 seconds ago Up 5 seconds centos-net
[root@docker ~]# docker exec -it 894552476d79 /bin/bash
[root@894552476d79 /]# vi /etc/hosts
[root@894552476d79 /]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost
::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0 ip6-localnet
ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters
172.17.0.2 894552476d79
10.104.44.32 centos-net
[root@docker ~]# docker save -o centos_net_hosts.tar 127.0.0.1:5000/centos:net
[root@docker ~]# ls
centos_net_hosts.tar centos_net.tar
第五次作业：使用dockerfile构建镜像
1、基于centos7镜像编写dockerfile文件，构建http服务，Dockerfile要求删除镜像的yum源，使用当前docker宿主机系统的yum源文件，完成后安装http服务，此镜像要求暴露80端口，构建的镜像名称为http:v1.0。请将Dockerfile文件内容以文本形式提交到答题区域，并将docker ps -a命令及结果截图到答题区域。
[root@docker dockerfile]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo Dockerfile
[root@docker dockerfile]# cat Dockerfile
FROM centos:7
ADD CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos/CentOS-Base.repo
RUN yum -y install httpd
EXPOSE 80
[root@docker dockerfile]# docker build -t http:v1.0 .
Complete!
Removing intermediate container 446a58bf1f6e
---> bbe5f2592a78
Step 4/4 : EXPOSE 80
---> Running in c94a60bdaf54
Removing intermediate container c94a60bdaf54
---> f1273fafeffd
Successfully built f1273fafeffd
Successfully tagged http:v1.0
[root@docker dockerfile]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
0b5a334d2587 61a1a2ad9afc "/bin/sh -c 'yum -y …" 24 minutes ago Exited (127) 23 minutes ago friendly_stonebraker
2、基于centos7镜像编写dockerfile文件，构建http服务，Dockerfile要求删除镜像的yum源，使用当前系统的yum源文件，完成后安装http服务，上传index.html文件至镜像内部/var/www/html路径下，index文件内容为“hello apache"，此镜像要求暴露80端口，且修改参数HOSTNAME为www.example.com，设置httpd服务为前台启动，构建的镜像名称为http:v2.0。启动该镜像为容器，命名为http-1，将8080端口映射至容器内部80端口，访问8080端口网页。请将Dockerfile文件内容以文本形式提交到答题区域，并将容器主页的浏览器访问结果截图到答题区域。
[root@docker dockerfile]# cat Dockerfile
FROM centos:7
ADD CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos/CentOS-Base.repo
RUN yum -y install httpd
ENV HOSTNAME "www.example.com"
EXPOSE 80
[root@docker dockerfile]# docker build -t http:v2.0 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 31.23kB
Step 1/4 : FROM centos:7
---> eeb6ee3f44bd
Step 2/4 : ADD CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos/CentOS-Base.repo
---> Using cache
---> 0e6df3dcb106
Step 3/4 : RUN yum -y install httpd
---> Using cache
---> bbe5f2592a78
Step 4/4 : EXPOSE 80
---> Using cache
---> f1273fafeffd
Successfully built f1273fafeffd
Successfully tagged http:v2.0
[root@docker dockerfile]# docker run -it --name http-1 -p 8080:80 http:v2.0
[root@www /]# hostname
www.example.com
第六次作业：使用docker compose编排
请基于教材P140面的内容，使用docker compose技术完成WordPress博客项目的部署。请你将博客系统登录的页面提交到答题区域。
# 安装Docker Compose（将二进制文件docker-compose-linux-x86_64上传到/root下）
[root@docker ~]# ll
total 25376
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 25968640 Jun 9 12:47 docker-compose-linux-x86_64
# 给二进制文件可执行权限
[root@docker ~]# chmod +x docker-compose-linux-x86_64
# 给二进制文件重命名为docker-compose
[root@docker ~]# mv docker-compose-linux-x86_64 /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
# 查看docker-compose的版本
[root@docker ~]# docker-compose --version
Docker Compose version v2.6.0
#创建文件夹
[root@docker ~]# mkdir wordpress && cd wordpress
#编写yml文件
[root@docker wordpress]# vim docker-compose.yml
version: "3.3"
services:
db:
image: mysql:5.7
volumes:
- db_data:/var/lib/mysql
restart: always
environment:
MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: 123456
MYSQL_DATABASE: wordpress
MYSQL_USER: wordpress
MYSQL_PASSWORD: wordpress
wordpress:
depends_on:
- db
image: wordpress:latest
ports:
- "8008:80"
restart: always
environment:
WORDPRESS_DB_HOST: db:3306
WORDPRESS_DB_USER: wordpress
WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD: wordpress
WORDPRESS_DB_NAME: wordpress
volumes:
db_data: {}
# 执行yml文件
[root@docker wordpress]# docker-compose up -d
[+] Running 4/4
⠿ Network wordpress_default Created 0.1s
⠿ Volume "wordpress_db_data" Created 0.0s
⠿ Container wordpress-db-1 Started 2.1s
⠿ Container wordpress-wordpress-1 Started
# 查看容器运行结果
[root@docker wordpress]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
ba9f3e8b8ca8 wordpress:latest "docker-entrypoint.s…" About a minute ago Up About a minute 0.0.0.0:8008->80/tcp, :::8008->80/tcp wordpress-wordpress-1
85481c18222c mysql:5.7 "docker-entrypoint.s…" About a minute ago Up About a minute 3306/tcp, 33060/tcp wordpress-db-1
# 浏览器访问：http://IP:8008
标签：5000,centos,模拟题,镜像,docker,root,net,考试 来源： https://www.cnblogs.com/whwh/p/16361159.html