netty系列之:NIO和netty详解 不知归期1
作者：互联网
简介
netty为什么快呢？这是因为netty底层使用了JAVA的NIO技术，并在其基础上进行了性能的优化，虽然netty不是单纯的JAVA nio，但是netty的底层还是基于的是nio技术。
nio是JDK1.4中引入的，用于区别于传统的IO，所以nio也可以称之为new io。
nio的三大核心是Selector,channel和Buffer，本文我们将会深入探究NIO和netty之间的关系。
NIO常用用法
在讲解netty中的NIO实现之前，我们先来回顾一下JDK中NIO的selector，channel是怎么工作的。对于NIO来说selector主要用来接受客户端的连接，所以一般用在server端。我们以一个NIO的服务器端和客户端聊天室为例来讲解NIO在JDK中是怎么使用的。
因为是一个简单的聊天室，我们选择Socket协议为基础的ServerSocketChannel,首先就是open这个Server channel:
ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
serverSocketChannel.bind(new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 9527));
serverSocketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
然后向server channel中注册selector:
Selector selector = Selector.open();
serverSocketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
虽然是NIO，但是对于Selector来说，它的select方法是阻塞方法，只有找到匹配的channel之后才会返回，为了多次进行select操作，我们需要在一个while循环里面进行selector的select操作：
while (true) {
selector.select();
Set<SelectionKey> selectedKeys = selector.selectedKeys();
Iterator<SelectionKey> iter = selectedKeys.iterator();
while (iter.hasNext()) {
SelectionKey selectionKey = iter.next();
if (selectionKey.isAcceptable()) {
register(selector, serverSocketChannel);
}
if (selectionKey.isReadable()) {
serverResponse(byteBuffer, selectionKey);
}
iter.remove();
}
Thread.sleep(1000);
}
selector中会有一些SelectionKey,SelectionKey中有一些表示操作状态的OP Status,根据这个OP Status的不同，selectionKey可以有四种状态，分别是isReadable,isWritable,isConnectable和isAcceptable。
当SelectionKey处于isAcceptable状态的时候，表示ServerSocketChannel可以接受连接了，我们需要调用register方法将serverSocketChannel accept生成的socketChannel注册到selector中，以监听它的OP READ状态，后续可以从中读取数据：
private static void register(Selector selector, ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel)
throws IOException {
SocketChannel socketChannel = serverSocketChannel.accept();
socketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
socketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
}
当selectionKey处于isReadable状态的时候，表示可以从socketChannel中读取数据然后进行处理：
private static void serverResponse(ByteBuffer byteBuffer, SelectionKey selectionKey)
throws IOException {
SocketChannel socketChannel = (SocketChannel) selectionKey.channel();
socketChannel.read(byteBuffer);
byteBuffer.flip();
byte[] bytes= new byte[byteBuffer.limit()];
byteBuffer.get(bytes);
log.info(new String(bytes).trim());
if(new String(bytes).trim().equals(BYE_BYE)){
log.info("说再见不如不见！");
socketChannel.write(ByteBuffer.wrap("再见".getBytes()));
socketChannel.close();
}else {
socketChannel.write(ByteBuffer.wrap("你是个好人".getBytes()));
}
byteBuffer.clear();
}
上面的serverResponse方法中，从selectionKey中拿到对应的SocketChannel，然后调用SocketChannel的read方法，将channel中的数据读取到byteBuffer中，要想回复消息到channel中，还是使用同一个socketChannel，然后调用write方法回写消息给client端，到这里一个简单的回写客户端消息的server端就完成了。
接下来就是对应的NIO客户端，在NIO客户端需要使用SocketChannel,首先建立和服务器的连接：
socketChannel = SocketChannel.open(new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 9527));
然后就可以使用这个channel来发送和接受消息了：
public String sendMessage(String msg) throws IOException {
byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(msg.getBytes());
String response = null;
socketChannel.write(byteBuffer);
byteBuffer.clear();
socketChannel.read(byteBuffer);
byteBuffer.flip();
byte[] bytes= new byte[byteBuffer.limit()];
byteBuffer.get(bytes);
response =new String(bytes).trim();
byteBuffer.clear();
return response;
}
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标签：netty,NIO,归期,selector,byteBuffer,selectionKey,socketChannel,channel 来源： https://www.cnblogs.com/sdfasdf/p/15986666.html