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系统初始化函数SystemInit讲解

作者:互联网

要求前置技能:

 需了解系统时钟源相关知识:STM32时钟系统
 本文以HSE外接8MHz晶振,PLL倍频9倍得到72MHz的系统时钟为讲解背景

一,系统初始化函数SystemInit:

 文件路径:USER->system_stm32f10x.c->头文件system_stm32f10x.h中SystemInit(void)

 在system_stm32f10x.c文件中找到SystemInit(void)源码:

/**
  * @brief  Setup the microcontroller system
  *         Initialize the Embedded Flash Interface, the PLL and update the
  *         SystemCoreClock variable.
  * @note   This function should be used only after reset.
  * @param  None
  * @retval None
  */
void SystemInit (void)
{
  /* Reset the RCC clock configuration to the default reset state(for debug purpose) */
  /* Set HSION bit */
  RCC->CR |= (uint32_t)0x00000001;    //RCC_CR寄存器最低位置1:打开HSI(内部高速时钟8M)

  /* Reset SW, HPRE, PPRE1, PPRE2, ADCPRE and MCO bits */
#ifndef STM32F10X_CL
  RCC->CFGR &= (uint32_t)0xF8FF0000;
#else                      //stm32f103ZET6为大容量芯片HD
  RCC->CFGR &= (uint32_t)0xF0FF0000;     //RCC_CFGR寄存器初始化
#endif /* STM32F10X_CL */

  /* Reset HSEON, CSSON and PLLON bits */
  RCC->CR &= (uint32_t)0xFEF6FFFF;    //将RCC_CR寄存器HSEON,CSSON,PLLON位置0

  /* Reset HSEBYP bit */
  RCC->CR &= (uint32_t)0xFFFBFFFF;    //将RCC_CR寄存器HSEBYP位置0

  /* Reset PLLSRC, PLLXTPRE, PLLMUL and USBPRE/OTGFSPRE bits */
  RCC->CFGR &= (uint32_t)0xFF80FFFF;   //将RCC_CFGR寄存器PLLSRC, PLLXTPRE,                         //PLLMUL,USBPRE/OTGFSPRE位置0

#ifdef STM32F10X_CL
  /* Reset PLL2ON and PLL3ON bits */
  RCC->CR &= (uint32_t)0xEBFFFFFF;

  /* Disable all interrupts and clear pending bits  */
  RCC->CIR = 0x00FF0000;

  /* Reset CFGR2 register */
  RCC->CFGR2 = 0x00000000;
#elif defined (STM32F10X_LD_VL) || defined (STM32F10X_MD_VL) || (defined STM32F10X_HD_VL)
  /* Disable all interrupts and clear pending bits  */
  RCC->CIR = 0x009F0000;

  /* Reset CFGR2 register */
  RCC->CFGR2 = 0x00000000;
#else                      //stm32f103ZET6为大容量芯片HD
  /* Disable all interrupts and clear pending bits  */
  RCC->CIR = 0x009F0000;        //关闭所有的中断和对应的位(初始化中断)
#endif /* STM32F10X_CL */

#if defined (STM32F10X_HD) || (defined STM32F10X_XL) || (defined STM32F10X_HD_VL)
  #ifdef DATA_IN_ExtSRAM
    SystemInit_ExtMemCtl();
  #endif /* DATA_IN_ExtSRAM */
#endif

  /* Configure the System clock frequency, HCLK, PCLK2 and PCLK1 prescalers */
  /* Configure the Flash Latency cycles and enable prefetch buffer */
  SetSysClock();

#ifdef VECT_TAB_SRAM
  SCB->VTOR = SRAM_BASE | VECT_TAB_OFFSET; /* Vector Table Relocation in Internal SRAM. */
#else
  SCB->VTOR = FLASH_BASE | VECT_TAB_OFFSET; /* Vector Table Relocation in Internal FLASH. */
#endif
}
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二,默认定义系统时钟:


#if defined (STM32F10X_LD_VL) || (defined STM32F10X_MD_VL) || (defined STM32F10X_HD_VL)
/* #define SYSCLK_FREQ_HSE    HSE_VALUE */
 #define SYSCLK_FREQ_24MHz  24000000
#else
/* #define SYSCLK_FREQ_HSE    HSE_VALUE */
/* #define SYSCLK_FREQ_24MHz  24000000 */
/* #define SYSCLK_FREQ_36MHz  36000000 */
/* #define SYSCLK_FREQ_48MHz  48000000 */
/* #define SYSCLK_FREQ_56MHz  56000000 */
#define SYSCLK_FREQ_72MHz  72000000   //默认定义系统是中文为72MHz
#endif
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 在这里可以修改系统时钟值


三,SetSysClock(Void)

/**
  * @brief  Configures the System clock frequency, HCLK, PCLK2 and PCLK1 prescalers.
  * @param  None
  * @retval None
  */
static void SetSysClock(void)
{
#ifdef SYSCLK_FREQ_HSE
  SetSysClockToHSE();
#elif defined SYSCLK_FREQ_24MHz
  SetSysClockTo24();
#elif defined SYSCLK_FREQ_36MHz
  SetSysClockTo36();
#elif defined SYSCLK_FREQ_48MHz
  SetSysClockTo48();
#elif defined SYSCLK_FREQ_56MHz
  SetSysClockTo56();
#elif defined SYSCLK_FREQ_72MHz     //默认定义的系统时钟是72MHz
  SetSysClockTo72();
#endif
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四,SetSysClockTo72(Void)

/**
  * @brief  Sets System clock frequency to 72MHz and configure HCLK, PCLK2
  *          and PCLK1 prescalers.
  * @note   This function should be used only after reset.
  * @param  None
  * @retval None
  */
static void SetSysClockTo72(void)
{
  __IO uint32_t StartUpCounter = 0, HSEStatus = 0;

  /* SYSCLK, HCLK, PCLK2 and PCLK1 configuration ---------------------------*/
  /* Enable HSE */
  RCC->CR |= ((uint32_t)RCC_CR_HSEON);    //使能HSE:RCC_CR_HSEON=0x00010000(修改的是第16位HSEON)

  /* Wait till HSE is ready and if Time out is reached exit */
  do
  {
    HSEStatus = RCC->CR & RCC_CR_HSERDY;     //开启并就绪:RCC_CR_HSERDY=0x00020000(第17位HSERDY置1)
    StartUpCounter++;
  } while((HSEStatus == 0) && (StartUpCounter != HSE_STARTUP_TIMEOUT)); //循环直到HSE稳定

  if ((RCC->CR & RCC_CR_HSERDY) != RESET)
  {
    HSEStatus = (uint32_t)0x01;               //就绪后赋值标志位HSEStatus
  }
  else
  {
    HSEStatus = (uint32_t)0x00;
  }

  if (HSEStatus == (uint32_t)0x01) //判断就绪
  {
    /* Enable Prefetch Buffer */
    FLASH->ACR |= FLASH_ACR_PRFTBE;

    /* Flash 2 wait state */
    FLASH->ACR &= (uint32_t)((uint32_t)~FLASH_ACR_LATENCY);
    FLASH->ACR |= (uint32_t)FLASH_ACR_LATENCY_2;     //cpu的速度比芯片速度快的多        设置FLASH等待:两个等待状态

    /* HCLK = SYSCLK */
    RCC->CFGR |= (uint32_t)RCC_CFGR_HPRE_DIV1;//配置AHB预分频器分频系数为1,使HCLK = SYSCLK=72M
                                                                                      //RCC_CFGR_HPRE_DIV1=0x00000000(见手册)

    /* PCLK2 = HCLK */
    RCC->CFGR |= (uint32_t)RCC_CFGR_PPRE2_DIV1;//配置PCLK2预分频器分频系数为1,使PCLK2 = HCLK=72M
                                                                                        //RCC_CFGR_PPRE2_DIV1=0x00000000(见手册)
    /* PCLK1 = HCLK/2 */
    RCC->CFGR |= (uint32_t)RCC_CFGR_PPRE1_DIV2;//设置PCLK1预分频器分频系数为2,使PCLK1 = HCLK/2=36M
                                                                                       //RCC_CFGR_PPRE1_DIV2=0x00000400(见手册)
                                                                                       //RCC->CFGR第10,9,8位设置为100 (设置为2分频)
#ifdef STM32F10X_CL
    /* Configure PLLs ------------------------------------------------------*/
    /* PLL2 configuration: PLL2CLK = (HSE / 5) * 8 = 40 MHz */
    /* PREDIV1 configuration: PREDIV1CLK = PLL2 / 5 = 8 MHz */

    RCC->CFGR2 &= (uint32_t)~(RCC_CFGR2_PREDIV2 | RCC_CFGR2_PLL2MUL |
                              RCC_CFGR2_PREDIV1 | RCC_CFGR2_PREDIV1SRC);
    RCC->CFGR2 |= (uint32_t)(RCC_CFGR2_PREDIV2_DIV5 | RCC_CFGR2_PLL2MUL8 |
                             RCC_CFGR2_PREDIV1SRC_PLL2 | RCC_CFGR2_PREDIV1_DIV5);

    /* Enable PLL2 */
    RCC->CR |= RCC_CR_PLL2ON;
    /* Wait till PLL2 is ready */
    while((RCC->CR & RCC_CR_PLL2RDY) == 0)
    {
    }

    /* PLL configuration: PLLCLK = PREDIV1 * 9 = 72 MHz */
    RCC->CFGR &= (uint32_t)~(RCC_CFGR_PLLXTPRE | RCC_CFGR_PLLSRC | RCC_CFGR_PLLMULL);
    RCC->CFGR |= (uint32_t)(RCC_CFGR_PLLXTPRE_PREDIV1 | RCC_CFGR_PLLSRC_PREDIV1 |
                            RCC_CFGR_PLLMULL9);
#else                         //stm32f103ZET6为大容量芯片HD
    /*  PLL configuration: PLLCLK = HSE * 9 = 72 MHz */
    RCC->CFGR &= (uint32_t)((uint32_t)~(RCC_CFGR_PLLSRC | RCC_CFGR_PLLXTPRE |
                                        RCC_CFGR_PLLMULL));
    RCC->CFGR |= (uint32_t)(RCC_CFGR_PLLSRC_HSE | RCC_CFGR_PLLMULL9);//HSE为时钟源且PLL倍频系数为9(8*9=72兆)
#endif /* STM32F10X_CL */

    /* Enable PLL */
    RCC->CR |= RCC_CR_PLLON;          //使能PLL时钟,RCC->CR寄存器第24位置1
                          //RCC_CR_PLLON=0x01000000

    /* Wait till PLL is ready */
    while((RCC->CR & RCC_CR_PLLRDY) == 0)  //等待PLL时钟源就绪    
                            //RCC_CR_PLLRDYRCC->CR寄存器第25位
    {
    }

    /* Select PLL as system clock source */
    RCC->CFGR &= (uint32_t)((uint32_t)~(RCC_CFGR_SW));//配置PLL作为系统时钟来源
    RCC->CFGR |= (uint32_t)RCC_CFGR_SW_PLL;        //RCC_CFGR_SW_PLL=0x00000002(RCC->CFGR第1,0位设置为10,见手册)

    /* Wait till PLL is used as system clock source */
    while ((RCC->CFGR & (uint32_t)RCC_CFGR_SWS) != (uint32_t)0x08)
    {
    }
  }
  else
  { /* If HSE fails to start-up, the application will have wrong clock
         configuration. User can add here some code to deal with this error */
  }
}
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 代码中相关寄存器配置文档说明:

 1.FLASH等待设置:

  这里写图片描述

 2.AHB预分频设置:

  这里写图片描述

 3.APB2预分频设置:

  这里写图片描述

 4.APB1预分频设置:

  这里写图片描述

 5.PLL倍频设置:

  这里写图片描述

 6.配置PLL为系统时钟源:

  这里写图片描述

 最低位设置为10 所以 0x00000002


五,总结系统初始化函数流程

  这里写图片描述

 1,打开HSE,等待就绪后,设置Flash等待操作

 2,设置AHB,APB1,APB2分频系数,确定他们各自和系统时钟的关系

 3,设置CFGR寄存器确定PLL的时钟来源和倍频系数(HSE外部8M*9倍=72MHz)

 4,使能PLL,将系统时钟源切换到PLL

六,通过SystemCoreClock获取当前系统时钟频率

/*******************************************************************************
*  Clock Definitions
*******************************************************************************/
#ifdef SYSCLK_FREQ_HSE
  uint32_t SystemCoreClock         = SYSCLK_FREQ_HSE;        /*!< System Clock Frequency (Core Clock) */
#elif defined SYSCLK_FREQ_24MHz
  uint32_t SystemCoreClock         = SYSCLK_FREQ_24MHz;        /*!< System Clock Frequency (Core Clock) */
#elif defined SYSCLK_FREQ_36MHz
  uint32_t SystemCoreClock         = SYSCLK_FREQ_36MHz;        /*!< System Clock Frequency (Core Clock) */
#elif defined SYSCLK_FREQ_48MHz
  uint32_t SystemCoreClock         = SYSCLK_FREQ_48MHz;        /*!< System Clock Frequency (Core Clock) */
#elif defined SYSCLK_FREQ_56MHz
  uint32_t SystemCoreClock         = SYSCLK_FREQ_56MHz;        /*!< System Clock Frequency (Core Clock) */
#elif defined SYSCLK_FREQ_72MHz
  uint32_t SystemCoreClock         = SYSCLK_FREQ_72MHz;        /*!< System Clock Frequency (Core Clock) */
#else /*!< HSI Selected as System Clock source */
  uint32_t SystemCoreClock         = HSI_VALUE;        /*!< System Clock Frequency (Core Clock) */
#endif
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 可以通过SystemCoreClock获取当前系统时钟频率


七,SystemInit的调用

 在系统初始化调用main函数前SystemInit(void)

 在CORE->startup_stm32f10x_hd.s启动文件中

; Reset handler
Reset_Handler   PROC
                EXPORT  Reset_Handler             [WEAK]
                IMPORT  __main
                IMPORT  SystemInit
                LDR     R0, =SystemInit
                BLX     R0
                LDR     R0, =__main
                BX      R0
                ENDP
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 系统复位后先执行SystemInit,再执行main函数

 通过修改SystemInit函数名称,可以自定义系统初始化过程

标签:初始化,CFGR,SYSCLK,讲解,CR,FREQ,SystemInit,uint32,RCC
来源: https://blog.csdn.net/zhuangyuanlang1/article/details/88048513