Docker 镜像、容器操作--小试牛刀
作者：互联网
文章目录
一、镜像操作
1.1 搜索镜像
docker search 镜像名称
docker search 镜像名称:标签名称
[root@docker ~]# docker search nginx
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
nginx Official build of Nginx. 15404 [OK]
jwilder/nginx-proxy Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con… 2063 [OK]
richarvey/nginx-php-fpm Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable of… 816 [OK]
jc21/nginx-proxy-manager Docker container for managing Nginx proxy ho… 240
linuxserver/nginx An Nginx container, brought to you by LinuxS… 152
tiangolo/nginx-rtmp Docker image with Nginx using the nginx-rtmp… 140 [OK]
jlesage/nginx-proxy-manager Docker container for Nginx Proxy Manager 135 [OK]
alfg/nginx-rtmp NGINX, nginx-rtmp-module and FFmpeg from sou… 106 [OK]
jasonrivers/nginx-rtmp Docker images to host RTMP streams using NGI… 92 [OK]
nginxdemos/hello NGINX webserver that serves a simple page co… 72 [OK]
privatebin/nginx-fpm-alpine PrivateBin running on an Nginx, php-fpm & Al… 56 [OK]
nginx/nginx-ingress NGINX and NGINX Plus Ingress Controllers fo… 55
nginxinc/nginx-unprivileged Unprivileged NGINX Dockerfiles 47
staticfloat/nginx-certbot Opinionated setup for automatic TLS certs lo… 24 [OK]
nginx/nginx-prometheus-exporter NGINX Prometheus Exporter for NGINX and NGIN… 19
schmunk42/nginx-redirect A very simple container to redirect HTTP tra… 19 [OK]
nginxproxy/nginx-proxy Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con… 19
centos/nginx-112-centos7 Platform for running nginx 1.12 or building … 15
centos/nginx-18-centos7 Platform for running nginx 1.8 or building n… 13
raulr/nginx-wordpress Nginx front-end for the official wordpress:f… 13 [OK]
flashspys/nginx-static Super Lightweight Nginx Image 10 [OK]
mailu/nginx Mailu nginx frontend 9 [OK]
sophos/nginx-vts-exporter Simple server that scrapes Nginx vts stats a… 7 [OK]
ansibleplaybookbundle/nginx-apb An APB to deploy NGINX 2 [OK]
wodby/nginx Generic nginx 1 [OK]
[root@docker ~]#
1.2 下载镜像
docker pull 镜像名称
[root@docker ~]# docker pull nginx
Using default tag: latest //如果下载时不指定标签，会默认下载最新的镜像，latest表示最新
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
a330b6cecb98: Pull complete
5ef80e6f29b5: Pull complete
f699b0db74e3: Pull complete
0f701a34c55e: Pull complete
3229dce7b89c: Pull complete
ddb78cb2d047: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:c442ff5a3d9f6dc92dd8aee388ece42d965e002805e3edaaff34e79d8ee6d0a4
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
docker.io/library/nginx:latest
[root@docker ~]#
1.3 镜像打标签
docker tag 镜像名称:旧标签名 镜像名称:新标签名
[root@docker ~]# docker images //查看镜像列表
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx latest 822b7ec2aaf2 54 minutes ago 133MB
[root@docker ~]# docker tag nginx:latest nginx:lnmp
[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx latest 822b7ec2aaf2 55 minutes ago 133MB
nginx lnmp 822b7ec2aaf2 55 minutes ago 133MB
[root@docker ~]#
1.4 查看镜像信息
docker inspect 镜像id
[root@docker ~]# docker inspect 822b7ec2aaf2
[
{
"Id": "sha256:822b7ec2aaf2122b8f80f9c7f45ca62ea3379bf33af4e042b67aafbf6eac1941",
"RepoTags": [
"nginx:latest"
],
"RepoDigests": [],
"Parent": "",
"Comment": "",
"Created": "2021-09-03T07:40:16.355730864Z",
"Container": "367d32086ac12447d36e75c9b7acbe1b5156a34a91370b9200e68783be75506c",
"ContainerConfig": {
"Hostname": "367d32086ac1",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"ExposedPorts": {
"80/tcp": {}
},
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
"NGINX_VERSION=1.21.1",
"NJS_VERSION=0.6.1",
"PKG_RELEASE=1~buster"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"#(nop) ",
"CMD [\"nginx\" \"-g\" \"daemon off;\"]"
],
......省略部分内容
[root@docker ~]#
1.5 删除镜像
docker rmi 镜像ID 或者 镜像名称:标签名
[root@docker ~]# docker rmi 822b7ec2aaf2
Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to delete 822b7ec2aaf2 (must be forced) - image is referenced in multiple repositories //错误信息说：冲突:无法删除822b7ec2aaf2(必须强制)-映像在多个存储库中被引用
//如果想要删除该镜像，使用docker rmi 镜像名称:标签名 的方式一个一个的删除
[root@docker ~]#
[root@docker ~]# docker rmi nginx:lnmp
Untagged: nginx:lnmp
[root@docker ~]# docker rmi nginx:latest
Untagged: nginx:latest //直到没有引用了，才会删除
Untagged: nginx@sha256:c442ff5a3d9f6dc92dd8aee388ece42d965e002805e3edaaff34e79d8ee6d0a4
Deleted: sha256:822b7ec2aaf2122b8f80f9c7f45ca62ea3379bf33af4e042b67aafbf6eac1941
Deleted: sha256:47dec9bde9e483e6265a6f52ab1e726724927e2e9d2ac358fdf58fbfcd6cf418
Deleted: sha256:7920a27f48f198550d59f64681b99441bbc3d2ce4778a855ce1ef9bafc96ae69
Deleted: sha256:a3c5a94eb1ea071c73dcea1969e0b71beea445d3b9d0735eaf6715d8e351434c
Deleted: sha256:e73eb58ed241e67a7a2c8589dde85eb72811eac1eb4cf3b586e40d2b9cc9d0c1
Deleted: sha256:b5d976dc9b0fa380affe1f6a17df18f02ab7debec2d35a0407fb863338591ed7
Deleted: sha256:d000633a56813933cb0ac5ee3246cf7a4c0205db6290018a169d7cb096581046
[root@docker ~]#
1.6 运行镜像
[root@docker ~]# docker run nginx //一次性运行镜像，在执行run操作的时候，如果没有该镜像，会先下载，在start该镜像
Unable to find image 'nginx:latest' locally //在本地没有发现nginx的镜像
latest: Pulling from library/nginx //没有找到镜像，就去公共仓库下载镜像
a330b6cecb98: Pull complete
5ef80e6f29b5: Pull complete
f699b0db74e3: Pull complete
0f701a34c55e: Pull complete
3229dce7b89c: Pull complete
ddb78cb2d047: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:c442ff5a3d9f6dc92dd8aee388ece42d965e002805e3edaaff34e79d8ee6d0a4
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest //下载完成
/docker-entrypoint.sh: /docker-entrypoint.d/ is not empty, will attempt to perform configuration
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Looking for shell scripts in /docker-entrypoint.d/
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info: Getting the checksum of /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info: Enabled listen on IPv6 in /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/20-envsubst-on-templates.sh
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/30-tune-worker-processes.sh
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Configuration complete; ready for start up
2021/09/03 08:52:50 [notice] 1#1: using the "epoll" event method
2021/09/03 08:52:50 [notice] 1#1: nginx/1.21.1
2021/09/03 08:52:50 [notice] 1#1: built by gcc 8.3.0 (Debian 8.3.0-6)
2021/09/03 08:52:50 [notice] 1#1: OS: Linux 3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
2021/09/03 08:52:50 [notice] 1#1: getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE): 1048576:1048576
......省略部分内容
2021/09/03 08:52:57 [notice] 1#1: exit //这里执行的是 CTRL+C
[root@docker ~]#
1.7 镜像的导出、导入
[root@docker ~]# docker save -o nginx:latest nginx:latest //导出镜像
//导出镜像 第一个nginx:latest 表示的导出镜像以后指定的镜像文件名
//导出镜像 第二个nginx:latest 表示的导出哪个镜像
[root@docker ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg initial-setup-ks.cfg nginx:latest 公共 模板 视频 图片 文档 下载 音乐 桌面
[root@docker ~]#
[root@docker ~]# docker rmi 822b7ec2aaf2 //删除镜像
Untagged: nginx:latest
Untagged: nginx@sha256:c442ff5a3d9f6dc92dd8aee388ece42d965e002805e3edaaff34e79d8ee6d0a4
Deleted: sha256:822b7ec2aaf2122b8f80f9c7f45ca62ea3379bf33af4e042b67aafbf6eac1941
Deleted: sha256:47dec9bde9e483e6265a6f52ab1e726724927e2e9d2ac358fdf58fbfcd6cf418
Deleted: sha256:7920a27f48f198550d59f64681b99441bbc3d2ce4778a855ce1ef9bafc96ae69
Deleted: sha256:a3c5a94eb1ea071c73dcea1969e0b71beea445d3b9d0735eaf6715d8e351434c
Deleted: sha256:e73eb58ed241e67a7a2c8589dde85eb72811eac1eb4cf3b586e40d2b9cc9d0c1
Deleted: sha256:b5d976dc9b0fa380affe1f6a17df18f02ab7debec2d35a0407fb863338591ed7
Deleted: sha256:d000633a56813933cb0ac5ee3246cf7a4c0205db6290018a169d7cb096581046
[root@docker ~]# docker load < nginx\:latest 导入刚刚导出的镜像
d000633a5681: Loading layer [==================================================>] 72.53MB/72.53MB
63b5f2c0d071: Loading layer [==================================================>] 64.86MB/64.86MB
875b5b50454b: Loading layer [==================================================>] 3.072kB/3.072kB
ed94af62a494: Loading layer [==================================================>] 4.096kB/4.096kB
8e58314e4a4f: Loading layer [==================================================>] 3.584kB/3.584kB
d47e4d19ddec: Loading layer [==================================================>] 7.168kB/7.168kB
Loaded image: nginx:latest
[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx latest 822b7ec2aaf2 20 hours ago 133MB
[root@docker ~]#
二、容器操作
2.1 查看所有容器，包括不是启动状态的容器
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
a4c42a696a49 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 4 minutes ago Exited (0) 4 minutes ago naughty_swanson
[root@docker ~]#
2.2 查看所有容器的id
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -aq
a4c42a696a49
[root@docker ~]#
2.3 使容器开启并持续性运行
①：创建容器
docker create -it nginx:latest /bin/bash
-i：让容器的标准输入保持打开
-t：分配一个伪终端
-d：后台守护进程的方式运行
②：启动容器
docker start 容器id
[root@docker ~]# docker create -it nginx:latest /bin/bash
9ba3b6ffd7bf4e2587f415a203f6064432efc331335b0c9519278789a473dff6
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a //容器id为：9ba3b6ffd7bf 状态为：已创建
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
9ba3b6ffd7bf nginx:latest "/docker-entrypoint.…" 9 seconds ago Created romantic_banzai
a4c42a696a49 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 6 minutes ago Exited (0) 5 minutes ago romantic_stonebraker
[root@docker ~]#
[root@docker ~]# docker start 9ba3b6ffd7bf
9ba3b6ffd7bf
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
9ba3b6ffd7bf nginx:latest "/docker-entrypoint.…" 12 minutes ago Up About a minute 80/tcp romantic_banzai
a4c42a696a49 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 18 minutes ago Exited (0) 17 minutes ago romantic_stonebraker
[root@docker ~]#
有的时候持续性运行浪费资源，那么一次性执行如下操作
/usr/bin/bash 表示指定镜像运行的环境
-c 表示指定执行什么命令
[root@docker ~]# docker run centos:7 /usr/bin/bash -c ls /
anaconda-post.log
bin
dev
etc
home
lib
......省略部分内容
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a //可以看出运行centos:7镜像，执行了ls操作之后就退出了
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
0f84d97ae586 centos:7 "/usr/bin/bash -c ls…" 32 seconds ago Exited (0) 31 seconds ago affectionate_bassi
9ba3b6ffd7bf nginx:latest "/docker-entrypoint.…" 15 minutes ago Up 5 minutes 80/tcp romantic_banzai
a4c42a696a49 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 21 minutes ago Exited (0) 21 minutes ago romantic_stonebraker
[root@docker ~]#
2.4 容器的开启、关闭
docker start 容器id
docker stop 容器id
2.5 容器持续后台运行
docker run -d centos:7 /usr/bin/bash -c “while true;do echo hello; done”
-d 表示后台守护进程的方式运行
-c “while true;do echo hello; done” 做了一个死循环，模拟服务持续运行
[root@docker ~]# docker run -d centos:7 /usr/bin/bash -c "while true;do echo hello; done"
c589495b247136e38713f72e81745bdddcd65df7e08311e22215da8354b5f38f
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
c589495b2471 centos:7 "/usr/bin/bash -c 'w…" 32 seconds ago Up 32 seconds kind_wilbur
0f84d97ae586 centos:7 "/usr/bin/bash -c ls…" 13 minutes ago Exited (0) 13 minutes ago affectionate_bassi
9ba3b6ffd7bf nginx:latest "/docker-entrypoint.…" 28 minutes ago Up 17 minutes 80/tcp romantic_banzai
a4c42a696a49 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 34 minutes ago Exited (0) 34 minutes ago romantic_stonebraker
[root@docker ~]#
2.6 进入容器
①docker run
②docker exec （容器必须是运行状态）
[root@docker ~]# docker run -it centos:7 /bin/bash
[root@795bf77b9a5c /]# ls
anaconda-post.log bin dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@795bf77b9a5c /]# exit //这里使用的是 ctrl + d 组合快捷键退出容器
[root@docker ~]#
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
795bf77b9a5c centos:7 "/bin/bash" 2 minutes ago Exited (127) About a minute ago happy_wozniak
c589495b2471 centos:7 "/usr/bin/bash -c 'w…" 9 minutes ago Up 9 minutes kind_wilbur
0f84d97ae586 centos:7 "/usr/bin/bash -c ls…" 22 minutes ago Exited (0) 22 minutes ago affectionate_bassi
9ba3b6ffd7bf nginx:latest "/docker-entrypoint.…" 37 minutes ago Up 26 minutes 80/tcp romantic_banzai
a4c42a696a49 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 43 minutes ago Exited (0) 42 minutes ago romantic_stonebraker
[root@docker ~]# docker exec -it c589495b2471 /bin/bash
[root@c589495b2471 /]# ls
anaconda-post.log bin dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@c589495b2471 /]# exit //这里是手动输入 exit 退出容器
exit
[root@docker ~]#
2.7 容器导出、导入
导出：docker export 容器id > 指定导出的容器文件名
导入（两种方式）：
① docker import 导出的文件名 指定镜像名称:指定标签名称
② cat 导出的容器文件名 | docker import - 指定镜像名称:指定标签名称
[root@docker ~]# docker export c589495b2471 > centos7_01
[root@docker ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg centos7_01 initial-setup-ks.cfg 公共 模板 视频 图片 文档 下载 音乐 桌面
[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx latest 822b7ec2aaf2 22 hours ago 133MB
centos 7 8652b9f0cb4c 9 months ago 204MB
[root@docker ~]# docker rm -f `docker ps -aq` //强制删除所有容器，这里为了演示容器的导出导入所以这样做，生产环境杜绝使用
795bf77b9a5c
c589495b2471
0f84d97ae586
9ba3b6ffd7bf
a4c42a696a49
[root@docker ~]# docker rmi 8652b9f0cb4c //删除centos:7的镜像文件
Untagged: centos:7
Untagged: centos@sha256:0f4ec88e21daf75124b8a9e5ca03c37a5e937e0e108a255d890492430789b60e
Deleted: sha256:8652b9f0cb4c0599575e5a003f5906876e10c1ceb2ab9fe1786712dac14a50cf
Deleted: sha256:174f5685490326fc0a1c0f5570b8663732189b327007e47ff13d2ca59673db02
[root@docker ~]# docker import centos7_01 centos:7 //导入容器并生成镜像文件，centos:7表示指定的镜像文件名：标签名
sha256:45836fbbddb2c92905b73daf22b56b8b3b3c855d8e2dd4f080937ad47c164b70
[root@docker ~]# docker images //查看是否导入成功
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos 7 45836fbbddb2 8 seconds ago 204MB
nginx latest 822b7ec2aaf2 22 hours ago 133MB
[root@docker ~]# cat centos7_01 | docker import - centos:latest //另一种导入容器的方式
sha256:dda2c24c44187be74f4d690ad1833a58e3cc643c24a8d1288ccfd74b618a3647
[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos latest dda2c24c4418 5 seconds ago 204MB
centos 7 45836fbbddb2 4 minutes ago 204MB
nginx latest 822b7ec2aaf2 22 hours ago 133MB
[root@docker ~]#
标签：ago,--,小试牛刀,nginx,镜像,docker,root,Docker,latest 来源： https://blog.csdn.net/qq_35479765/article/details/120081431