英语入门班第十八课-②特殊疑问句 whose、when、whom、which、how 的用法
作者：互联网
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"Whose"作定语后面跟名词，也就是:whose +名词
之前的课程就说过,定语是不能直接造句的,造句要看定语修饰的名词,所以,为了方便造句,把"whoset名词”当作一个复合疑问词更好理解。
"whoset名词"这个疑问词可以作宾语,表语和主语。另外,"whose"修饰的名词可以是可数名词单数,也可以是复数,还可以是不可数名词,但是一般不能是专有名词。
首先,"whose+名词”作宾语的时候,跟上面的其他疑问词一样,需要助动词,需要倒装,根据时态不同,助动词也不一样,下面同样通过不同的时态来学习"whose+名词"作宾语的造句规则
1、一般现在时态
Whose名词+do/does+主语+及物动词原型+ (状语) ?
当主语是非第三人称单数的时候,助动词用"do",当主语是第三人称单数的时候,助动词用"does",比如:
1) Whose book do you like? 你喜欢谁的书?
2) Whose songs does she listen to every day? 她每天听谁的歌?
3) Whose money do you spend? 你花谁的钱?
2、一般过去时态
Whose名词+did+主语+及物动词原型+过去的时间状语?
1) Whose car did he steal ? 他偷了谁的车?
2) Whose lesson did you learn last year? 你去年学谁的课程?
3) whose book did you take? 你拿走了谁的书?
3、一般将来时态
Whose名词+will主语+及物动词原型+将来的时间状语?
1) Whose daughter will he marry next year? 他明年要娶谁的女儿?
2) Whose car will Jeff drive afer class? 下课之后,杰夫会开谁的车?
Whose名词+is/are/am+主语going to及物动词原型+将来的时间状语?
1) Whose car is Jeff going to drive after class? 下课之后,杰夫会开谁的车?
4、现在进行时态
Whose名词+is/lare/am+主语+及物动词的现在分词?
1)Whose food are you tasting ? 你正在品尝谁的食物?
2)Whose wine is she drinking? 她正在喝谁的红酒?
5、现在完成时态
Whose名词+has/have +主语+及物动词的过去分词?
当主语是非第三人称单数的时候,助动词用"have",当主语是第三人称单数的时候,助动词用"has",比如:
1)Whose purse have you taken? 你拿走了谁的钱包?
2)Whose cellphone has she borrowed? 她借了谁的手机?
"Whose+名词”也可以作表语,句型如下:Whose+名词+be+主语?
1) Whose car is this ? 这是谁的车?
2) Whose book is it? (它)这是谁的书?
3) Whose car is that? 那是谁的车?
4) Whose cars are they? (它们)那些是谁的车?
5) Whose books are those? 那些是谁的书?
另外, whose也可以不加名词,直接单独作表语,比如:
Whose is this car? 这车是谁的?
Whose is the book? 这书是谁的?
Whose are the books 这些书是谁的?
Whose is this computer 这台电脑是谁的?
"Whose+名词”作表语和"Whose"作表语,很多时候,可以表达相同的意思,比如:
Whose car is this?=whose is this car? 这是谁的车?
"Whose+名词”也可以作主语,这里先不讲。
"when"在特殊疑问句里面作状语和表语
"when"在特殊疑问句里面作时间状语,可以出现在“主谓宾”句型里面,有时候也可以出现在“主系表”句型。
"when"作时间状语有严格的时态要求,下面详细讲解"when"可以出现在哪些时态里面。
1、一般现在时态
Whent do/does+主语+动词原型+ (宾语) ?
当主语是非第三人称单数的时候,助动词用"do",当主语是第三人称单数的时候,助动词用"does",比如:
1) When do you get up every morning? 你每天早上什么时候起床?
2) When does she do homework? 她什么时候做作业?
3) When do they have dinner? 他们什么时候吃饭?
2、一般过去时态
When +did +主语+动词原型+ (宾语) ?
1) When did you get married ? 你什么时候结婚的?
2) When did you find my video? 你什么时候找到我的视频的?
3) When did they meet each other? 他们什么时候见面的?
3、一般将来时态
When +will +主语+动词原型+(宾语) ?
When +is/are/am+主语+going to+动词原型+ (宾语) ?
1)When will you buy a house in Beijing? 你什么时候在北京买房?
2)When will she find a boyfriend? 她什么时候会找到一个男朋友?
3)When will Pandora get married? 潘多拉什么时候结婚?
4)When is she going to buy a ticket? 她什么时候买票?
"when"作时间状语,不能用现在进行时态,因为,现在进行时态本身就是指此时此刻,不需要时间状语。
"when”也不能用在现在完成时态,因为现在完成时态,有两种用法:
第一种是表示延续,在特殊疑问句里面一般用"how long".
第二种不强调时间,因此不需要时间状语。（强调对现在的影响）
"when"作时间状语,也可以出现在“主系表”句型,但是用得少。而且主要用在一般将来时态,比如：
When+ will+主语+ be+表语?
When+is/are/am+主语+going to+be+表语?
1) When will nick be famous? 尼克什么时候会出名?
2) When will she be a doctor? 她什么时候会成为一名医生?
3) When is the girl going to be my student? 这女孩什么时候会成为我的学生?（be+职业=成为……）
偶尔,也可以出现在一般过去时态和一般现在时态里面,比如:
1) When+ was/were+主语+表语?
When was he angry?他什么时候生气的?
2) When +is /am/are+主语+表语?
When is she away? 她什么时候离开?她什么时候在外面?
When are they busy every month? 他们每个月什么时候忙?
"When"主要作时间状语,跟"what time"是同义词,一般可以互换。比如:
When/ what time will you go? 你什么时候走?
注意, "when"作了时间状语,在特殊疑问句里面,也可以再跟其他时间状语,但是,建议初学者尽量不要在"when"作时间状语的句子里面乱用其他的时间状语,以免造成逻辑错误。
"when"有时候可以在特殊疑问句里面作表语,句型是"when +be+主语? "不过实际生活中用得少，比如:
1) When is your birthday? 你的生日是什么时候?
2) When is the next meeting? 下一个会议是什么时候?
3) When is her wedding? 她的婚礼是什么时候举行?
这句话一般不用将来时态,因为婚礼这种日子一般已经选好了,是客观存在的,用一般现在时态最好。
"Whom"就是"who"的宾格,所以只能作宾语。
在口语里面,经常可以用"who"代替。不过,在介词后面的时候,不能用"who"代替。如, "with whom?"不能说"with who?"这个主要出现在定语从句里面,这里不详细讲。
"whom"作宾语跟"what"作宾语结构很相似。当然也要注意助动词和时态问题。"whom"作宾语,句型如下:
Whom+助动词+主语+及物动词?
这里的助动词,要根据时态变化而变化,及物动词也会根据时态发生变化。
1) Whom do you love你爱谁? (一般现在时态)
2) Whom does she love? 她爱谁? (一般现在时态)
3) whom did you find? 你找到了谁? (一般过去时态)
4) Whom will you kill tomorrow? 明天你要杀了谁? (一般将来时态)
5) Whom are you talking about? 你们正在谈论谁? (现在进行时态)
Whom has he fallen in love with? 他已经爱上了谁? (现在完成时态)
7) Whom has nick discouraged? 尼克打击了谁? (现在完成时态)
"which"跟“whose”一样,都是作定语。同样可以把"which+名词”当作一个复合疑问词看待。
"which +名词”可以作宾语,不过, which一般情况下只能修饰可数名词的单数,不能修饰复数或不可数名词,除非特殊情况，因为"which"作定语主要强调“哪一个”。
"which+可数名词单数”可以在特殊疑问里作宾语,句型如下:
(Which+可数名词单数) +助动词+主语+及物动词+ (状语) ?
句型里面的助动词,要根据时态而使用do,does,did,will,be 等等,及物动词有时用原型，有时要根据时态发生格式变化。
1) Which girl do you like? 你喜欢哪个女孩?
2) Which book does she like? 她喜欢哪一本书?
3) Which man is Pandora going to marry? 潘多拉要嫁给哪一个男人?
4) Which house will you buy? 你要买哪个房子?
5) Which shirt did you pick just now? 你刚才挑了哪一件衬衫?
6) which book did you love? 你喜欢哪一本书?
7) Which movie have you watched? 你已经看过哪部电影了?
8) Which lesson are you listening to?你正在听哪一课?
"which+可数名词单数”可以作主语,如:
Which boss is the worst?哪个老板最坏? (这个内容后面会继续讲。)
有些学员,特别喜欢问"which"表示“哪一个”,那么能不能表示“哪些"?其实,可以表达,但是必须是单独使用,并且作主语或在特定的情况下,比如:
Which of the patients have recovered?哪些患者已经康复了?
Which are the ones you really like?哪些是你们真正喜欢的?
这些例子都是来自牛津词典和柯林斯词典,后面那句涉及到从句的内容,这里不做详细解释。
"how"在特殊疑问句里面作表语和方式状语
"How"最重要的作用是作表语。用在这个句型里面: "how +be+主语? ",这个句型是用来问候的,可以问任何事情,人物的情况,也可用于各种时态。这个句型可以称为万用句型。
句型里面的"be",要根据时态和主语单复数发生变化,请看下面的例子:
1) How are you? 你好吗?
Fine,thank you!
还可以根据语境,用下面单词回答:
Good、just so so、not bad、great、wonderfu、Tired
2) How is your mother? 你妈妈还好吗?
3) How are your kids? 你的孩子好吗?
4) How is your business? 你的生意怎么样?
5) How is your wife? 你妻子还好吗?
6) How is Jack? 杰克过得怎么样?
7) how are your teachers? 你的老师还好吗?
8) How was your holiday? 你的假期过得怎么样?
9) How was your weekend? 你的周末过得怎么样?
10) How have you been? 最近好吗? (用于朋友之间很久不见面的时候问候)
"How"也可以作方式状语,表示“如何,怎么样"的意思。作方式状语,只能出现在“主谓宾"句型:
How+助动词+主语+谓语+ (宾语) + (状语) ?
这个句型,也要根据时态发生不同的变化,比如:
1、一般现在时态
How+ do/does +语+动词原型+ (宾语) ?
主语是非第三人称单数,助动词用"do",主语是第三人称单数,助动词用"does",比如:
1) How do you learn English? 你是如何学英语的?
2) How does she do business? 她是怎么做生意的?
3) How do you go to work? 你怎么去上班的? (问你用什么交通方式去上班)
4) How do you teach English? 你是怎么教英语的?
5) How does Nick teach English? 尼克是怎么教英语的?
6) How do you make cake? 你怎么做蛋糕的?
2、一般过去时态
How+ did+主语+动词原型+ (宾语) +过去的时间状语?
1) How did he open the door last night? 他昨晚是怎么打开这个门的?
2) How did you do your homework last time? 你上次是怎么做作业的?
3) How did they get these tickets? 他们是怎么弄到这些票的?
4) How did you get the ticket? 你怎么弄到票的?
3、一般将来时态
How+ will+主语+动词原型(宾语)+将来的时间状语?
1) How will you spend your holiday? 你打算怎么度过你的假期?
2) How will you bake corn tomorrow? 明天你要怎么烤玉米?
3) How will they build the house ? 他们将如何建这个房子?
How+is/are/am+主语+going to+动词原型+ (宾语)+将来的时间状语?
1) How are you going to cook the duck?你准备怎么煮这只鸭子?
"how"作方式状语很少出现在现在进行时态和现在完成时态。
how"可以跟很多词语,主要是形容词和副词,构成很多新的疑问词,可以说是复合疑问词。比如:
"how long"在特殊疑问句里面作时间状语和表语。作时间状语的时候,主要用在现在完成时态第一种用法,表示动作和状态延续。句型如下:
How long have/has+主语+延续性动词的过去分词+ (宾语) ?
How long thave/has+主语+been+表语?
1) How long have you been a teacher? 你做老师多久了?
2) how long have you learned English? 你学英语多久了?
3) How long has Nick taught English ? 尼克教英语多久了?
"how long"作表语的时候,需要倒装,表示一个事物有多长,也就是问事物的长度。
句型如下: How long +is/are+主语:
问事物的长度的时候,多数属于客观事实,所以基本上都是用在一般现在时态里面。比如:
1) How long is your hair? 你的头发有多长?
2) How long is the river? 这条河有多长?
"how far”也是作表语,偶尔可以作状语。
句型如下:how far +is/are+主语?
注意这里的主语一般是表示地点,位置或场所的名词,比如:
how far is your home?你家有多远?
how far is your school?你的学校有多远?
有时候,这个句型还可以加一个地点状语,由"from另外一个地点”构成的介词短语作地点状语,表示“离..有多远,
1) how far is your hometown from here?你家离这里有多远?
2) how far is Bejing from Guangxi?北京离广西有多远?
3) How far is your home from your school?你家离学校有多远?
"how far"作状语很少用,这里暂不举例讲解。
"how much"和"how many"都表示中文“多少”的意思,但是用法不同。
首先, "how much"单独可以作表语,表示“多少钱”,问商品的价格,句型如下:
How much+ is lare+主语? (一般是表示商品的名词或代词)
1) how much is it?这个多少钱?
2) How much is your computer?你的电脑多少钱?
另外, "how much"和"how many"主要作定语,修饰名词。但是“How much"必须修饰不可数名词, "how many"必须修饰可数名词的复数。
根据上面所讲,作定语的词语不能直接造句,因此,跟前面"which"和"whose"一样,要把"how
much+不可数名词”和"how many+可数名词复数”当成新的疑问词,或者复合疑问词。这两个
新的更复杂的疑问词可以作宾语和主语,句型如下:
(How many +可数名词的复数) +助动词+主语+及物动词?
当然,这个句型要根据时态变化使用不同的助动词,有时及物动词也要发生变化。
1) How many books did you buy last year? 你去年买了多少书?
2) How many lovers do you have? 你有多少爱人?
3) How many students do I have? 我有多少学生?
(How much +不可数名词) +助动词+主语+及物动词?
1) how much money do you have?你有多少钱?
2) How much beer did you drink last night?你昨晚喝了多少啤酒?
"how much+不可数名词”和"how many+可数名词复数”作主语的情况,下面会讲解。
"how often"主要作状语,因为表示频率,喜欢用在一般现在时态里面,当然特殊情况也可以用在其他时态。句型如下:
How often +do/does+主语+谓语+宾语?
1) how often do you go home? 你多久回一次家?
2) How often do you go shopping? 你多久购物一次?
3) How often do you have dinner in a restaurant? 你多久去饭店吃一次饭?
1、Whose 造五句话
Whose cat did you hurt yesterday?
Whose car will you buy after class?
Whose desk is that?
Whose is that desk?
Whose English lessons has she learnt ?
2、When 造五句话
When do you go to bed every night?
When did my girlfriend cry yesterday?
When will she eat the bread?
When will you be a accountant?
When were they angry last week?
3、Whom 造五句话
Whom did you introduce yesterday?
Whom will her boyfriend help?
Whom has she supported?
Whom does she kiss every morning?
Whom did you give a book to yesterday?
4、Which 造五句话
Which boy do you miss?
Which car will you buy?
Which game have you played?
Which shoe did you pick just now?
Which book has she read?
5、How 造五句话
How was your summer holiday?
How is your daughter?
How did you go to school yesterday?
How will you break the bowl tomorrow?
How do you kiss her eveery day?
6、How many 造三句话
How many condoms did you use last night?
How many condoms will you use tomorrow night?
How many cups will you buy three days later?
7、How much 造三句话
How much is it?
How much water did you drink yesterday?
How much beer will you buy tomorrow?
8、How long 造三句话
How long have you hurt the cat?
How long has she be a whore?
How long has your teacher drunk wine?
9、How far 造三句话
How far is your sister's home from here?
How far is my hometown from yours?
How far is the earth from the moon.
10、How often 造三句话
How often do you play the game?
How often do you fuck your wife on the hotel?
How often do you kiss her?
标签：whose,Whose,疑问句,when,状语,时态,How,how,主语 来源： https://www.cnblogs.com/zrh918/p/14905326.html