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day28-常见反爬机制及应对方法

2021-06-07 19:30:02 作者：互联网

day28

总结

事件循环：死循环，将函数(协程对象）挂载事件
    - asyncio.get_event_loop()
协程对象---> 基于生成器 / 原生协程对象
    - asyncio.run_until_complete(...)
Task / Future   ---> 对协程对象进行了封装
    - [co1, co2, co3, ...] ---> asyncio.wait([...])

阻塞：绝大多数都是由IO操作(网络IO,文件IO、用户输入等)造成的
非阻塞：
同步：同步是有序的，
异步：无序的 ---> 效率提升  --->  I/O密集型任务


异步爬虫
    - aiohttp
    - httpx

两个关键字
    - async  ---> @asyncio.coroutine
    - await

协程：一个线程中的多个子程序，它是用户态的微线程  ---> 纤程


常见反爬机制及其代理：
    - 封禁或限制IP   ---> 商业IP代理 ---> 蘑菇代理 / 芝麻代理 / 快代理
            ----> 自行实现对IP代理的封装(IP代理池: 获取代理、判断代理、判断失效、更换代理)
    - 强制登录  ---> 如果用户登录成功，服务器通常会在浏览器中储存中放置用户身份信息
        - Cookie
        - Local Storage / Session Storage
        - 嵌入式数据库
        ----> 每次请求（请求头/消息体) 带上一个身份标识   ---> Cookies池
        ----> 每次请求（请求头/消息体) 带上一个身份标识
    - 限流（限制访问速率)
    - 验证码
        ---> 文字验证码  ---> OCR(光学文字识别)  ---> 接口 / easyocr
        程序中自己解决不了的问题就可以考虑使用三方接口（付费/免费）
        ---> 行为验证码 ---> 超级鹰
    - 手机号+短信短信码
        - 超级鹰
    - 动态内容
        ---> JavaScript逆向  ---> 找到提供数据的API接口
        ---> 手机抓接口  ---> 抓包工具(Charles/ Fidder)
        ---> Selenium直接模拟浏览器操作获取动态内容
            - find_element_by_xxx /
            - page_source  ---> 获取包含动态内容的网页源代码
        ---> JavaScript 混淆技术
    - 字体反爬 / 内容来自与抠图

天行数据接口测试

pillow图片处理

def test_pil():
    guido = Image.open(r'./八重樱.jpg')
    # 剪辑
    guido.crop((10, 30, 40, 50)).show()
    # 滤镜
    guido.filter(ImageFilter.CONTOUR).show()
    # 缩略图
    guido.thumbnail((100, 80))
    guido.show()

超级鹰平台验证码使用

from hashlib import md5

import requests


class ChaojiyingClient:

    def __init__(self, username, password, soft_id):
        self.username = username
        self.password = md5(password.encode('utf8')).hexdigest()
        self.soft_id = soft_id
        self.base_params = {
            'user': self.username,
            'pass2': self.password,
            'softid': self.soft_id,
        }
        self.headers = {
            'Connection': 'Keep-Alive',
            'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0)',
        }

    def post_pic(self, image_date, code_type):
        """
        image_date: 图片字节,二进制数据
        code_type: 验证码类型 参考 http://www.chaojiying.com/price.html
        """
        params = {
            'codetype': code_type,
        }
        params.update(self.base_params)
        files = {'userfile': ('ccc.jpg', image_date)}
        resp = requests.post('http://upload.chaojiying.net/Upload/Processing.php', data=params, files=files,
                             headers=self.headers)
        return resp.json()

    def report_error(self, image_id):
        """
        im_id:报错题目的图片ID
        """
        params = {
            'id': image_id,
        }
        params.update(self.base_params)
        resp = requests.post('http://upload.chaojiying.net/Upload/ReportError.php', data=params, headers=self.headers)
        return resp.json()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    chaojiying = ChaojiyingClient('jackfrued', '1Qaz2Wsx', '900260')  # 用户中心>>软件ID 生成一个替换 96001
    print(chaojiying.report_error("9143209112576300341"))
    # with open('files/result.png', 'rb') as f:  # 本地图片文件路径 来替换 a.jpg 有时WIN系统须要//
    #     image_data = f.read()
    #     print(chaojiying.post_pic(image_data, 1902))  # 1902 验证码类型  官方网站>>价格体系 3.4+版 print 后要加()

实现打码平台自动登录

import io
# import ssl
# ssl._create_default_https_context = ssl._create_unverified_context
import easyocr

from PIL import Image
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait

browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.set_window_size(1280, 960)
browser.get('http://mail.1000phone.com/')


# 显示等待
wait = WebDriverWait(browser, 10)
wait.until(expected_conditions.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, '.login_panel_iframe')))
# 隐式等待
# browser.implicitly_wait(10) # 到页面上拿元素，最多等10秒
iframe1 = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('.login_panel_iframe')
x1, y1 = iframe1.location['x'], iframe1.location['y']

# Chrome对象的switch_to属性的frame方法，可以从页面切换到iframe中
browser.switch_to.frame(iframe1)
iframe2 = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#ding-login-iframe')
x2, y2 = iframe2.location['x'], iframe2.location['y']
browser.switch_to.frame(iframe2)
username_input = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#username')
# 模拟用户输入
# username_input.send_keys('luohao@1000phone.com')
username_input.send_keys('111hao@1000phone.com')
password_input = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#password')
password_input.send_keys('Abc123!!')
# 创建一个等待对象
wait = WebDriverWait(browser, 10)
wait.until(expected_conditions.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, '#login_checkcode_ico')))
captcha_img = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#login_checkcode_ico')
# WebElement对象的size属性代表元素宽度和高度，location属性代表元素在窗口中的位置
size, location = captcha_img.size, captcha_img.location
print(size, location)
x3, y3, width, height = location['x'], location['y'], size['width'], size['height']
# 截取整个浏览器窗口的图片获得图片的二进制数据
image_data = browser.get_screenshot_as_png()
# bytes（只读字节串） ----> io.BytesIO（可写字节串）---> getvalue() ---> bytes
# str（只读字符串） ----> io.StringIO（可写字符串）---> getvalue() ---> str
browser_image = Image.open(io.BytesIO(image_data))
# 从截图上剪裁出验证码的图片
x, y = x1 + x2 + x3, y1 + y2 + y3
# Windows系统的写法 ---> 如果截图有问题就把坐标写死
# print(x, y, width, height)
checkcode_image = browser_image.crop((x, y, x + width, y + height))
# macOS系统的写法
# checkcode_image = browser_image.crop((x * 2, y * 2, (x + width) * 2, (y + height) * 2))
checkcode_image.save('files/result.png')
# 通过easyocr做光学文字识别
reader = easyocr.Reader(['en'], gpu=False)
code = reader.readtext('result.png', detail=0)[0]
# 将识别出的验证码输入文本框
checkcode_input = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#login_checkcode')
checkcode_input.send_keys(code)
login_button = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#login_submit_btn')
# 模拟用户点击
login_button.click()

ocr练习


import easyocr

reader = easyocr.Reader(['en'], gpu=False)
res = reader.readtext('files/test.jpg', detail=0)
print(res)

作业

使用超级鹰实现自动登录

import asyncio
import io
import time

import selenium
from PIL import Image
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from chaojiying import ChaojiyingClient
import getcode

urls = ['https://ke.qq.com/', 'https://www.nowcoder.com/login', 'http://tljh5.h5.wan.360.cn/game',
        'https://passport.bilibili.com/login', 'https://passport.vip.com/login', 'https://www.iqiyi.com/',
        'https://passport.liepin.com/account/v1/hlogin', 'https://mail.163.com/', 'https://pan.baidu.com/',
        'http://www.kuwo.cn/']


def tenxunketang(brower):
    brower.implicitly_wait(10)
    login = brower.find_element_by_css_selector(".mod-header__link-login.js-login-op")
    login.click()
    wait = WebDriverWait(brower, 10)
    wait.until(expected_conditions.presence_of_element_located(
        (By.CSS_SELECTOR, "body div.login-wrapper.login-wrapper--qq > div > div > iframe")))
    iframe_login = brower.find_element_by_css_selector("body div.login-wrapper.login-wrapper--qq > div > div > iframe")
    brower.switch_to.frame(iframe_login)
    login_with_pwd = brower.find_element_by_css_selector("#switcher_plogin")
    login_with_pwd.click()

    wait.until(expected_conditions.presence_of_element_located(
        (By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#u")))
    username = brower.find_element_by_css_selector("#u")
    username.send_keys("2209229157")
    password = brower.find_element_by_css_selector("#p")
    password.send_keys("lei.15183394253")

    login_btn = brower.find_element_by_css_selector("#login_button")
    login_btn.click()


async def main(url):
    with webdriver.Chrome() as brower:
        brower.set_window_size(1280, 720)
        brower.get(url)

        brower.implicitly_wait(10)
        duanxin_login = brower.find_element_by_css_selector("body form.js-login-form > div.login-tips > span > a")
        duanxin_login.click()

        time.sleep(1)
        phone_input = brower.find_element_by_css_selector("#jsEmailIpt")
        phone_input.send_keys("16521686439")

        get_code_btn = brower.find_element_by_css_selector("#jsSendCaptcha")
        get_code_btn.click()

        while True:
            wait = WebDriverWait(brower, 10)
            wait.until(expected_conditions.presence_of_all_elements_located(
                (By.CSS_SELECTOR, 'div.yidun_panel > div > div.yidun_bgimg > img[src]')))
            # 找到验证码图片
            image_ele = brower.find_element_by_css_selector("div.yidun_panel > div > div.yidun_bgimg > img")
            size, location = image_ele.size, image_ele.location
            x, y, width, height = location['x'], location['y'], size['width'], size['height']
            image_data = brower.get_screenshot_as_png()
            brower_image = Image.open(io.BytesIO(image_data))
            brower_image = brower_image.crop((x, y, x + width, y + height))
            image_w, image_h = brower_image.size
            brower_image.thumbnail((image_w // 1.5, image_h // 1.5))
            brower_image.save(r'./files/temp.png')

            client = ChaojiyingClient('jackfrued', '1Qaz2Wsx', '900260')
            with open(r'./files/temp.png', 'rb') as f:
                resp = client.post_pic(f.read(), 9101)
                print(resp)
                code = resp["pic_str"]
            slider = brower.find_element_by_css_selector("div.yidun_control > div.yidun_slider")
            ac = ActionChains(brower)
            move_x = int(code.split(',')[0]) * 1.5
            # move_x = int(code.split(',')[0])
            ac.click_and_hold(slider).perform()
            ac.move_by_offset(move_x, 0)
            time.sleep(1)
            ac.release().perform()
            time.sleep(3)
            try:
                brower.find_element_by_css_selector(".layer-container-content .pop-content")
                # print(client.report_error(resp["pic_id"]))
            except:
                break
            time.sleep(2)

        try:
            brower.find_element_by_css_selector(".confirm-content")
            suc_btn = brower.find_element_by_css_selector("div.pop-footer.clearfix > a")
            suc_btn.click()
            print('失败')
        except:
            for _ in range(60):
                title, pwd_text = await getcode.main()
                print(title if title else "None-Title", pwd_text if pwd_text else "None-Pwd")
                if title == "牛客网":
                    break
                else:
                    time.sleep(1)
            pwd = brower.find_element_by_css_selector("#jsCaptcha")
            pwd.send_keys(pwd_text)

            login_btn = brower.find_element_by_css_selector("#jsLoginBtn")
            login_btn.click()
        time.sleep(300)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
    loop.run_until_complete(main(urls[1]))

标签：day28,反爬,image,常见,element,---,brower,login,find
来源： https://blog.csdn.net/qq_46137199/article/details/117672410