Nginx负载均衡实战
作者:互联网
反向代理参数优化
对于nginx众多的虚拟主机配置,如果写入一个文件里,难以维护,阅读,可以把参数配置,写入到单独的配置文件中,再通过nginx的include 方式获取。
【合适的写法】
/opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
# 定义web服务器地址池,也就是121,122两个节点 upstream www_pools { server 192.168.178.121 weight=1; server 192.168.178.122 weight=2; } server { listen 80; server_name www.chaoge.com; default_type application/octet-stream; #charset koi8-r; #access_log logs/host.access.log main; location / { proxy_pass http://www_pools; # 包含语法,读取该文件中的配置,加载到当前文件中 include proxy.conf; } }
生成规范的代理配置文件,注意和nginx.conf写在同一级目录
[root@lb01 conf]# cat proxy.conf proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr; proxy_connect_timeout 60; proxy_send_timeout 60; proxy_read_timeout 60; proxy_buffer_size 4k; proxy_buffers 4 32k; proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k; proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;
反向代理企业案例
该场景是,通过nginx实现动静分离,配置反向代理规则,实现动态请求和静态请求分别转发给不同的服务器解析,以解决网站性能,安全,用户体验等问题。
【配置静态服务器池】
upstream static_pools { server 192.168.178.121 weight=1; }
【配置上传服务器池】
upstream upload_pools { server 192.168.178.122 weight=1; }
【默认地址池,动态地址池】
upstream default_pools { server 192.168.178.131 weight=1; }
实际配置思路
【方案1】
location /static/ { proxy_pass http://static_pools; include proxy.conf; } location /upload/ { proxy_pass http://upload_pools; include proxy.conf; } location / { proxy_pass http://default_pools; include proxy.conf; }
【方案2】
if ($request_url ~* "^/static/(.*)$") { proxy_pass http://static_pools/$1; } if ($request_url ~* "^/upload/(.*)$") { proxy_pass http://uoload_pools/$1; } location / { proxy_pass http://default_pools; include proxy.conf; }
Nginx实战配置
1.编辑nginx.conf,修改添加如下代码 # 定义三个地址池 upstream static_pools { server 192.168.178.121 weight=1; } upstream uoload_pools { server 192.168.178.122 weight=1; } upstream default_pools { server 192.168.178.131 weight=1; } # 定义虚拟主机 server { listen 80; server_name www.chaoge.com; default_type application/octet-stream; # 通过locaiton进行URL路径匹配 location / { proxy_pass http://default_pools; include proxy.conf; } location /static/ { proxy_pass http://static_pools; include proxy.conf; } location /upload/ { proxy_pass http://upload_pools; include proxy.conf; } }
配置三个地址池
【修改静态服务器配置】
创建一个static文件夹,因为请求转发给了此台机器,URL如下 www.chaoge.com/static/index.html # 必须在网页站点目录下,存在该static文件夹
[root@web01 logs]# mkdir -p /opt/nginx/html/www/static/ [root@web01 logs]# echo "我是超哥配置的静态服务器static" > /opt/nginx/html/www/static/index.html 修改nginx.conf支持中文 server { listen 80; server_name www.chaoge.com; charset utf-8; location / { root html/www; index index.html index.htm; } access_log logs/access_www.log main; } # 重启nginx nginx -s reload
【修改upload服务器配置】
[root@web02 nginx-1.16.0]# mkdir -p /opt/nginx/html/www/upload/ [root@web02 nginx-1.16.0]# echo "我是超哥配置的uploads服务器" > /opt/nginx/html/www/upload/index.html # 让nginx支持中文 server { listen 80; server_name www.chaoge.com; charset utf-8; location / { root html/www; index index.html index.htm; } access_log logs/access_www.log main; } # 重启nginx nginx -s reload
【配置默认的动态服务器】
1.确保nginx.conf配置文件正确 server { listen 80; server_name www.chaoge.com; # 让nginx支持中文 charset utf-8; #access_log logs/host.access.log main; location / { root html/www; index index.html index.htm; } } 2.生成首页文件 [root@web03 nginx-1.16.0]# mkdir -p /opt/nginx/html/www/static [root@web03 nginx-1.16.0]# cat /opt/nginx/html/www/staticindex.html <meta charset=utf8> 我是超哥配置默认动态服务器 3.启动nginx,或者重启 nginx -s reload nginx
URL转发应用场景
根据http的url转发的场景,被称之为七层转发,然而LVS的负载均衡 一般用于TCP的转发,也就被称之为4层转发。
利用nginx的七层转发,可以实现动静分离,移动,pc端页面区分,交给不同的后端服务器处理,让用户得到更佳的访问体验。
客户端设备匹配转发实战
对于大多数网站,都是由区分移动端页面,pc端页面,对于用户不同的客户端设备,返回不同的网页。
【curl命令客户端】
[root@web02 nginx-1.16.0]# curl www.chaoge.com/static/index.html 我是超哥配置的静态服务器static # 日志记录如下 192.168.178.130 - - [23/Mar/2020:01:59:34 -0400] "GET /static/index.html HTTP/1.0" 200 43 "-" "curl/7.29.0" "192.168.178.122"
【safari】
192.168.178.130 - - [23/Mar/2020:02:00:36 -0400] "GET /static/ HTTP/1.0" 200 43 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_3) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/13.0.5 Safari/605.1.15" "192.168.178.1"
【chrome】
192.168.178.130 - - [23/Mar/2020:02:01:43 -0400] "GET /static/index.html HTTP/1.0" 200 43 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_3) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/80.0.3987.149 Safari/537.36" "192.168.178.1"
nginx根据客户端信息转发配置
= 表示精确匹配。只有请求的url路径与后面的字符串完全相等时,才会命中。 ~ 表示该规则是使用正则定义的,区分大小写。 ~* 表示该规则是使用正则定义的,不区分大小写。 ^~ 表示如果该符号后面的字符是最佳匹配,采用该规则,不再进行后续的查找。 ########################### 利用shell语句进行逻辑判断 location / { # 这里进行浏览器判断 if ($http_user_agent ~* "MSIE") { proxy_pass http://static_pools; } if ($http_user_agent ~* "Chrome") { proxy_pass http://upload_pools; } if ($http_user_agent ~* "Safari") { proxy_pass http://static_pools; } proxy_pass http://default_pools; include proxy.conf; }
Nginx实际配置
[root@lb01 conf]# grep -Ev "^#|^$" /opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf worker_processes 1; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; sendfile on; keepalive_timeout 65; upstream www_pools { server 192.168.178.121 weight=1; server 192.168.178.122 weight=2; } upstream static_pools { server 192.168.178.121 weight=1; } upstream upload_pools { server 192.168.178.122 weight=1; } upstream default_pools { server 192.168.178.131 weight=1; } server { listen 80; server_name www.chaoge.com; default_type application/octet-stream; # 修改如下代码 # 我们这里直接返回状态码,更直观看见区别,也可以编写proxy_pass location / { if ($http_user_agent ~* "MSIE") { proxy_pass http://static_pools; } if ($http_user_agent ~* "Chrome") { #proxy_pass http://upload_pools; return 401; } if ($http_user_agent ~* "Safari") { #proxy_pass http://static_pools; return 402; } proxy_pass http://default_pools; include proxy.conf; } } }
检测移动端
1.修改nginx.conf支持移动端检测,修改部分代码如下 location / { if ($http_user_agent ~* "android") { return "501"; } if ($http_user_agent ~* "iphone") { return "502"; } proxy_pass http://default_pools; include proxy.conf; } # 重启 nginx -s reload
【直接通过curl命令,模拟客户端发起http请求】
[root@lb01 conf]# curl -A "android" www.chaoge.com <html> <head><title>501 Not Implemented</title></head> <body> <center><h1>501 Not Implemented</h1></center> <hr><center>nginx/1.16.0</center> </body> </html> [root@lb01 conf]# [root@lb01 conf]# [root@lb01 conf]# curl -A "iphone" www.chaoge.com <html> <head><title>502 Bad Gateway</title></head> <body> <center><h1>502 Bad Gateway</h1></center> <hr><center>nginx/1.16.0</center> </body> </html>
通过文件扩展名转发
【方法1】
location ~ .*.(gif|jpgjpeg|png|bmp|swf|css|js)$ { # proxy_pass http://static_pools; # include proxy.conf; return 503; } # 重启nginx -s reload
【方法2】
if ($request_uri ~* ".*\.(php|php5)$") { proxy_pass http://php_server_pols; } if ($request_uri ~* ".*\.(jsp|jsp*|do|do*)$") { proxy_pass http://java_server_pools; }
Nginx根据请求扩展名转发实践
据此可以实现用户请求动静分离,例如图片,视频等请求静态资源服务器
php,jsp,等动态请求转发给动态服务器
# 修改nginx.conf添加如下代码 server { listen 80; server_name www.chaoge.com; default_type application/octet-stream; location / { if ($http_user_agent ~* "MSIE") { proxy_pass http://static_pools; } if ($http_user_agent ~* "Chrome") { #proxy_pass http://upload_pools; return 401; } if ($http_user_agent ~* "Safari") { #proxy_pass http://static_pools; return 402; } if ($http_user_agent ~* "android") { return "501"; } if ($http_user_agent ~* "iphone") { return "502"; } proxy_pass http://default_pools; include proxy.conf; } location ~ .*.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf|css|js)$ { # proxy_pass http://static_pools; # include proxy.conf; return 503; } location ~ .*.(php|php3|php5)$ { return 504; } } # 重启nginx nginx -s reload
标签:实战,负载,http,nginx,Nginx,static,proxy,conf,pools 来源: https://www.cnblogs.com/abc1234567/p/14221497.html