linux设备驱动中的并发控制
作者:互联网
学习目的:学习linux设备驱动中的并发控制
编程练习:在globalmem字符设备基础上增加信号量管理共享资源
意外收获:第一次比着书上代码抄,很多东西理解不了,尤其file_operation什么时候调用,虽然现在也不懂。。。但好歹有个大致猜测理解
1- linux并发控制理解
学过ucos,很多和Linux相通。并发控制就是对共享资源的互斥访问。比如有一把手枪,你我都能想玩,但同一时间只能一个人玩,一个人被玩。。。。没错就是这个道理。
现在你在玩,我想玩,不给我,我就得等你玩腻歪了,你才可能让我玩会。。。好悲催。
嘿假如我开挂了(我是中断),你只是普通玩家(没有屏蔽终端对共享资源的访问),好家伙你玩的时候,我就要从你手里抢过枪来玩了,没办法,谁让哥哥牛逼呢。。。
当然你也可以开挂,加上屏蔽终端下半部分、终端对共享资源的访问,当你玩时我就没辙了,因为你是大爷啊。
浑话鬼浑话,书说正文:
linux并发控制手段:
原子操作 :必不可被打断的一种行为,很牛逼的那种
自旋锁:本质就是死等,看书的理解,底层好像是依赖原子操作啊
信号量:感觉可以替代互斥量。。。书上说好像底层依赖自旋锁。。
互斥量:资源等于1的互斥量
2- 上代码
代码增加很少,只是在globalmem结构体中增加sem变量;在模块初始化最后增加信号量初始化;在文件操作(ioctl、read、write)操作globalmem内存时,放到临界段访问,访问前后进行获取、释放信号量。
另外别忘了包含linux/sem.h头文件
通过增加打印,发现在echo "hello" >> /dev/globalmen,即往字符设备中写东西时,会先后调用open、read、release
在cat /dev/globalmem,即读字符设备会依次调用open、read、read、release函数。读了两次设备。。。。不知为何。。。
//6- globalmem
#include<linux/module.h>
#include<linux/types.h>
#include<linux/fs.h>
#include<linux/errno.h>
#include<linux/mm.h>
#include<linux/sched.h>
#include<linux/init.h>
#include<linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
//#include <linux/mutex.h> //增加互斥量
#include<linux/sem.h> //增加互斥量
#include<asm/io.h>
#include<asm/switch_to.h>
//#include<asm/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#define GLOBALMEM_SIZE 0x1000 /*操作的mem内存大小,全局变量大小4k*/
#define MEM_CLEAR 0x1 /*ioctrl命令码*/
#define GLOBALMEM_MAJOR 243 /*设定globalmem的主设备号,查看已经注册的避免冲突cat /proc/devices*/
static int globalmem_major = GLOBALMEM_MAJOR;
/*globalmem结构体*/
struct globalmem_dev
{
struct cdev cdev; //字符设备结构体
unsigned char mem[GLOBALMEM_SIZE]; //大小
struct semaphore sem;
};
struct globalmem_dev *globalmem_devp;
/*以下为文件操作:打开、释放、ioctrl、读写、定位*/
/*文件打开操作*/
int globalmem_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
filp->private_data = globalmem_devp;
printk(KERN_INFO "funt:%s enter!\n",__FUNCTION__);
return 0;
}
/*文件释放*/
int globalmem_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
printk(KERN_INFO "funt:%s enter!\n",__FUNCTION__);
return 0;
}
/*ioctrl操作*/
static long globalmem_ioctl(struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)//和2.6内核不一样!!
{
struct globalmem_dev *dev = filp->private_data;
printk(KERN_INFO "funt:%s enter!\n",__FUNCTION__);
switch(cmd)
{
case MEM_CLEAR: //增加信号量保护共享资源
/*获取信号量*/
if(down_interruptible(&dev->sem))
return -ERESTARTSYS;
/*共享资源操作*/
memset(dev->mem,0,GLOBALMEM_SIZE);
/*释放信号量*/
up(&dev->sem);
printk(KERN_INFO "globalmem is set to zero\n");
break;
default:
return -EINVAL;
}
return 0;
}
/*读函数*/
static ssize_t globalmem_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *ppos)
{
int ret =0;
unsigned long p = *ppos;
unsigned int count = size;
struct globalmem_dev *dev = filp->private_data;
printk(KERN_INFO "funt:%s enter!\n",__FUNCTION__);
/*参数检查*/
if(p >= GLOBALMEM_SIZE)
return count ? -ENXIO : 0;
if(count > GLOBALMEM_SIZE - p)
count = GLOBALMEM_SIZE - p;
/*获取信号量*/
if(down_interruptible(&dev->sem))
return -ERESTARTSYS;
/*数据拷贝在临界段*/
if(copy_to_user(buf,(dev->mem +p),count)) //copy_to_user(buff, dev->mem + p, count)
{
ret = -EFAULT;
}
else
{
*ppos += count; //更新位置、返回读到字节数
ret = count;
printk(KERN_INFO "read %u bytes from %lu\n", count,p);
}
/*释放信号量*/
up(&dev->sem);
return ret;
}
/*写函数*/
static ssize_t globalmem_write(struct file *filp, const char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *ppos)
{
int ret =0;
unsigned long p = *ppos;
unsigned int count = size;
struct globalmem_dev *dev = filp->private_data;
printk(KERN_INFO "funt:%s enter!\n",__FUNCTION__);
/*参数检查*/
if(p >= GLOBALMEM_SIZE)
return count ? -ENXIO : 0;
if(count > GLOBALMEM_SIZE - p)
count = GLOBALMEM_SIZE - p;
/*获取信号量*/
if(down_interruptible(&dev->sem))
return -ERESTARTSYS;
/*数据拷贝在临界段*/
if(copy_from_user((dev->mem +p),buf,count)) //copy_to_user(buff, dev->mem + p, count)
{
ret = -EFAULT;
}
else
{
*ppos += count; //更新位置、返回读到字节数
ret = count;
printk(KERN_INFO "write %u bytes from %lu\n", count,p);
}
/*释放信号量*/
up(&dev->sem);
return ret;
}
/*文件定位*/
static loff_t globalmem_llseek(struct file *filp, loff_t offset, int orig)
{
loff_t ret = 0;
switch(orig)
{
/*从文件开头偏移*/
case 0:
if(offset < 0)
{
ret = -EINVAL;
break;
}
if((unsigned int)offset > GLOBALMEM_SIZE)
{
ret = -EINVAL;
break;
}
filp->f_pos = (unsigned int )offset;
ret = filp->f_pos;
break;
/*从当前位置偏移*/
case 1:
if(filp->f_pos + offset < 0)
{
ret = -EINVAL;
break;
}
if((filp->f_pos + offset) > GLOBALMEM_SIZE)
{
ret = -EINVAL;
break;
}
filp->f_pos += (unsigned int )offset;
ret = filp->f_pos;
break;
default:
ret = -EINVAL;
break;
}
return ret;
}
/*文件操作结构体*/
static const struct file_operations globalmem_fops =
{
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.llseek = globalmem_llseek,
.read = globalmem_read,
.write = globalmem_write,
.unlocked_ioctl = globalmem_ioctl,
.open = globalmem_open,
.release = globalmem_release,
};
/*初始化并向内核注册cdev*/
static void globalmem_setup_cdev(struct globalmem_dev *dev, int index)
{
int err;
int devno = MKDEV(globalmem_major,index);
cdev_init(&dev->cdev,&globalmem_fops); //初始化cdev
dev->cdev.ops = &globalmem_fops;
err = cdev_add(&dev->cdev,devno,1);//向内核注册cdev
if(err)
{
printk(KERN_NOTICE "Err %d adding LED%d",err,index);
}
}
/*设备驱动模块加载*/
int globalmem_init(void)
{
int result;
dev_t devno = MKDEV(globalmem_major,0);//如果有主设备号,先求出设备号,向系统注册
if(globalmem_major)
{
result = register_chrdev_region(devno,1,"globalmem"); //向内核静态申请设备号,设备号devno已知
}
else
{
result = alloc_chrdev_region(&devno,0,1,"globalmem");//动态申请设备号,
globalmem_major = MAJOR(devno);//根据申请到的设备号求出主设备号
}
if(result < 0)
{
return result;
}
/*申请内存*/
globalmem_devp = kmalloc(sizeof(struct globalmem_dev), GFP_KERNEL);
if(!globalmem_devp)
{
result = -ENOMEM;
goto fail_malloc;
}
memset(globalmem_devp,0,sizeof(struct globalmem_dev));
globalmem_setup_cdev(globalmem_devp,0);//向内核注册cdev
sema_init(&globalmem_devp->sem,1); /*初始化信号量*/
printk(KERN_INFO "module_init succ!\n");
return 0;
fail_malloc:unregister_chrdev_region(devno,1);//解注册申请的设备号
return result;
}
/*模块卸载*/
void globalmem_exit(void)
{
cdev_del(&globalmem_devp->cdev);//解注册cdev
kfree(globalmem_devp);
unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(globalmem_major,0), 1);
printk(KERN_INFO "module_exit succ!\n");
}
MODULE_AUTHOR("lhk");
MODULE_LICENSE("Dual BSD/GPL");
module_param(globalmem_major, int, S_IRUGO);
module_init(globalmem_init);
module_exit(globalmem_exit);
Makefile
ifneq ($(KERNELRELEASE),)
obj-m:=globalmem.o
else
KDIR:=/lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build
PWD:=$(shell pwd)
all:
make -C $(KDIR) M=$(PWD) modules
clean:
rm -rf *.ko *.o *.symvers *.cmd *.cmd.o
endif
流水石板路 发布了23 篇原创文章 · 获赞 5 · 访问量 5116 私信 关注
标签:count,struct,int,dev,并发,globalmem,linux,驱动,ret 来源: https://blog.csdn.net/u010743406/article/details/104197255