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Windows 程序设计--（六）键盘

作者：互联网

6.2 击键消息

当按下一个键时，Windows把WM_KEYDOWN或者WM_SYSKEYDOWN消息放入有输入焦点的窗口的消息队列；当您释放一个键时，Windows把WM_KEYUP或者WM_SYSKEYUP消息放入消息队列中。

 

 

键按下

键释放

非系统键

WM_KEYDOWN

WM_KEYUP

系统键

WM_SYSKEYDOWN

WM_SYSKEYUP

通常「down（按下）」和「up（放开）」消息是成对出现的。不过，如果您按住一个键使得自动重复功能生效，那么当该键最后被释放时，Windows会给窗口消息处理程序发送一系列WM_KEYDOWN（或者WM_SYSKEYDOWN）消息和一个WM_KEYUP（或者WM_SYSKEYUP）消息。像所有放入队列的消息一样，按键消息也有时间信息。通过呼叫GetMessageTime，您可以获得按下或者释放键的相对时间。

 

6.2.1 系统键击和非系统键击

一般来说和ALT组合的都是系统键击，其它的都是非系统键击。

#include <Windows.h>
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);

int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)
{
    static TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT("WNDCLASS NAME");
    HWND hwnd;
    MSG msg;
    WNDCLASS wndclass;

    wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
    wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
    wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0;
    wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0;
    wndclass.hInstance = hInstance;
    wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
    wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
    wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
    wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
    wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName;

    if (!RegisterClass(&wndclass)) {
        MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("窗口创建失败！需要Windows NT！(传递消息为UNICODE)"), szAppName, MB_ICONERROR);

        return 0;
    }

    hwnd = CreateWindow(
        szAppName,
        TEXT("Hk_Mayfly"),
        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
        CW_USEDEFAULT,
        CW_USEDEFAULT,
        100,//宽度
        100,//高度
        NULL,
        NULL,
        hInstance,
        NULL
    );
    ShowWindow(hwnd, iCmdShow);
    UpdateWindow(hwnd);

    while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) {
        TranslateMessage(&msg);
        DispatchMessage(&msg);
    }

    return msg.wParam;
}

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) {

    switch (message) {
    case WM_SYSKEYDOWN:
        MessageBox(hwnd, TEXT("系统键击按下！"), TEXT("test!"), NULL);
        return 0;
    case WM_KEYDOWN:
        MessageBox(hwnd, TEXT("非系统键击按下！"), TEXT("test!"), NULL);
        return 0;
    case WM_DESTROY:
        PostQuitMessage(0);
        return 0;
    }
    return DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}

 

6.2.2 虚拟键代码

扫描码（通码）和断码的相关信息可以在 https://www.cnblogs.com/Mayfly-nymph/p/11228966.html 找到说明。

 

前四个虚拟键码中有三个指的是鼠标键：

 

十进制

十六进制

WINUSER.H标识符

必需？

IBM兼容键盘

1

01

VK_LBUTTON

  

鼠标左键

2

02

VK_RBUTTON

  

鼠标右键

3

03

VK_CANCEL

ˇ

Ctrl-Break

4

04

VK_MBUTTON

  

鼠标中键

我们不能在击键消息中检测到鼠标消息。

虚拟键代码

Symbolic Constant Name Hexadecimal Value Mouse Or Keyboard Equivalent
VK_LBUTTON 01 Left mouse button
VK_RBUTTON 02 Right mouse button
VK_CANCEL 03 Control-break processing
VK_MBUTTON 04 Middle mouse button (three-button mouse)
VK_XBUTTON1 05 Windows 2000: X1 mouse button
VK_XBUTTON2 06 Windows 2000: X2 mouse button
— 07 Undefined
VK_BACK 08 BACKSPACE key
VK_TAB 09 TAB key
— 0A–0B Reserved
VK_CLEAR 0C CLEAR key
VK_RETURN 0D ENTER key
— 0E–0F Undefined
VK_SHIFT 10 SHIFT key
VK_CONTROL 11 CTRL key
VK_MENU 12 ALT key
VK_PAUSE 13 PAUSE key
VK_CAPITAL 14 CAPS LOCK key
VK_KANA 15 IME Kana mode
VK_HANGUEL 15 IME Hanguel mode (maintained for compatibility; use VK_HANGUL)
VK_HANGUL 15 IME Hangul mode
— 16 Undefined
VK_JUNJA 17 IME Junja mode
VK_FINAL 18 IME final mode
VK_HANJA 19 IME Hanja mode
VK_KANJI 19 IME Kanji mode
— 1A Undefined
VK_ESCAPE 1B ESC key
VK_CONVERT 1C IME convert
VK_NONCONVERT 1D IME nonconvert
VK_ACCEPT 1E IME accept
VK_MODECHANGE 1F IME mode change request
VK_SPACE 20 SPACEBAR
VK_PRIOR 21 PAGE UP key
VK_NEXT 22 PAGE DOWN key
VK_END 23 END key
VK_HOME 24 HOME key
VK_LEFT 25 LEFT ARROW key
VK_UP 26 UP ARROW key
VK_RIGHT 27 RIGHT ARROW key
VK_DOWN 28 DOWN ARROW key
VK_SELECT 29 SELECT key
VK_PRINT 2A PRINT key
VK_EXECUTE 2B EXECUTE key
VK_SNAPSHOT 2C PRINT SCREEN key
VK_INSERT 2D INS key
VK_DELETE 2E DEL key
VK_HELP 2F HELP key
'0' 30 0 key
'1' 31 1 key
'2' 32 2 key
'3' 33 3 key
'4' 34 4 key
'5' 35 5 key
'6' 36 6 key
'7' 37 7 key
'8' 38 8 key
'9' 39 9 key
— 3A–40 Undefined
'A' 41 A key
'B' 42 B key
'C' 43 C key
'D' 44 D key
'E' 45 E key
'F' 46 F key
'G' 47 G key
'H' 48 H key
'I' 49 I key
'J' 4A J key
'K' 4B K key
'L' 4C L key
'M' 4D M key
'N' 4E N key
'O' 4F O key
'P' 50 P key
'Q' 51 Q key
'R' 52 R key
'S' 53 S key
'T' 54 T key
'U' 55 U key
'V' 56 V key
'W' 57 W key
'X' 58 X key
'Y' 59 Y key
'Z' 5A Z key
VK_LWIN 5B Left Windows key (Microsoft Natural Keyboard)
VK_RWIN 5C Right Windows key (Microsoft Natural Keyboard)
VK_APPS 5D Applications key (Microsoft Natural Keyboard)
— 5E Reserved
VK_SLEEP 5F Computer Sleep key
VK_NUMPAD0 60 Numeric keypad 0 key
VK_NUMPAD1 61 Numeric keypad 1 key
VK_NUMPAD2 62 Numeric keypad 2 key
VK_NUMPAD3 63 Numeric keypad 3 key
VK_NUMPAD4 64 Numeric keypad 4 key
VK_NUMPAD5 65 Numeric keypad 5 key
VK_NUMPAD6 66 Numeric keypad 6 key
VK_NUMPAD7 67 Numeric keypad 7 key
VK_NUMPAD8 68 Numeric keypad 8 key
VK_NUMPAD9 69 Numeric keypad 9 key
VK_MULTIPLY 6A Multiply key
VK_ADD 6B Add key
VK_SEPARATOR 6C Separator key
VK_SUBTRACT 6D Subtract key
VK_DECIMAL 6E Decimal key
VK_DIVIDE 6F Divide key
VK_F1 70 F1 key
VK_F2 71 F2 key
VK_F3 72 F3 key
VK_F4 73 F4 key
VK_F5 74 F5 key
VK_F6 75 F6 key
VK_F7 76 F7 key
VK_F8 77 F8 key
VK_F9 78 F9 key
VK_F10 79 F10 key
VK_F11 7A F11 key
VK_F12 7B F12 key
VK_F13 7C F13 key
VK_F14 7D F14 key
VK_F15 7E F15 key
VK_F16 7F F16 key
VK_F17 80H F17 key
VK_F18 81H F18 key
VK_F19 82H F19 key
VK_F20 83H F20 key
VK_F21 84H F21 key
VK_F22 85H F22 key
VK_F23 86H F23 key
VK_F24 87H F24 key
— 88–8F Unassigned
VK_NUMLOCK 90 NUM LOCK key
VK_SCROLL 91 SCROLL LOCK key
  92–96 OEM specific
— 97–9F Unassigned
VK_LSHIFT A0 Left SHIFT key
VK_RSHIFT A1 Right SHIFT key
VK_LCONTROL A2 Left CONTROL key
VK_RCONTROL A3 Right CONTROL key
VK_LMENU A4 Left MENU key
VK_RMENU A5 Right MENU key
VK_BROWSER_BACK A6 Windows 2000: Browser Back key
VK_BROWSER_FORWARD A7 Windows 2000: Browser Forward key
VK_BROWSER_REFRESH A8 Windows 2000: Browser Refresh key
VK_BROWSER_STOP A9 Windows 2000: Browser Stop key
VK_BROWSER_SEARCH AA Windows 2000: Browser Search key
VK_BROWSER_FAVORITES AB Windows 2000: Browser Favorites key
VK_BROWSER_HOME AC Windows 2000: Browser Launch and Home key
VK_VOLUME_MUTE AD Windows 2000: Volume Mute key
VK_VOLUME_DOWN AE Windows 2000: Volume Down key
VK_VOLUME_UP AF Windows 2000: Volume Up key
VK_MEDIA_NEXT_TRACK B0 Windows 2000: Next Track key
VK_MEDIA_PREV_TRACK B1 Windows 2000: Previous Track key
VK_MEDIA_STOP B2 Windows 2000: Stop Media key
VK_MEDIA_PLAY_PAUSE B3 Windows 2000: Play/Pause Media key
VK_LAUNCH_MAIL B4 Windows 2000: Launch Mail key
VK_LAUNCH_MEDIA_SELECT B5 Windows 2000: Select Media key
VK_LAUNCH_APP1 B6 Windows 2000: Launch Application 1 key
VK_LAUNCH_APP2 B7 Windows 2000: Launch Application 2 key
— B8-B9 Reserved
VK_OEM_1 BA Windows 2000: for the US standard keyboard, the ';:' key
VK_OEM_PLUS BB Windows 2000: for any country/region, the '+' key
VK_OEM_COMMA BC Windows 2000: for any country/region, the ',' key
VK_OEM_MINUS BD Windows 2000: for any country/region, the '-' key
VK_OEM_PERIOD BE Windows 2000: for any country/region, the '.' key
VK_OEM_2 BF Windows 2000: for the US standard keyboard, the '/?' key
VK_OEM_3 C0 Windows 2000: for the US standard keyboard, the '`~' key
— C1–D7 Reserved
— D8–DA Unassigned
VK_OEM_4 DB Windows 2000: for the US standard keyboard, the '[{' key
VK_OEM_5 DC Windows 2000: for the US standard keyboard, the '\|' key
VK_OEM_6 DD Windows 2000: for the US standard keyboard, the ']}' key
VK_OEM_7 DE Windows 2000: for the US standard keyboard, the 'single-quote/double-quote' key
VK_OEM_8 DF  
— E0 Reserved
  E1 OEM specific
VK_OEM_102 E2 Windows 2000: either the '<>' key or the '\|' key on the RT 102-key keyboard
  E3–E4 OEM specific
VK_PROCESSKEY E5 Windows 95, Windows NT 4.0, and Windows 2000: IME PROCESS key
  E6 OEM specific
VK_PACKET E7 Windows 2000: Used to pass Unicode characters as if they were keystrokes. The VK_PACKET key is the low word of a 32-bit Virtual Key value used for non-keyboard input methods. The Unicode character is the high word.
— E8 Unassigned
  E9–F5 OEM specific
VK_ATTN F6 Attn key
VK_CRSEL F7 CrSel key
VK_EXSEL F8 ExSel key
VK_EREOF F9 Erase EOF key
VK_PLAY FA Play key
VK_ZOOM FB Zoom key
VK_NONAME FC Reserved for future use
VK_PA1 FD PA1 key
VK_OEM_CLEAR FE Clear key

 

6.2.4 转移状态

是否按下了位移键（Shift、Ctrl和Alt）或开关键（Caps Lock、Num Lock和Scroll Lock）。通过呼叫GetKeyState函数，您就能获得此信息。例如：

iState = GetKeyState (VK_SHIFT) ;

 

如果按下了Shift，则iState值为负（即设定了最高位置位）。如果Caps Lock键打开，则从

iState = GetKeyState (VK_CAPITAL) ;

 

6.3 字符消息

6.3.1 四类字符消息

 

字符

死字符

非系统字符

WM_CHAR

WM_DEADCHAR

系统字符

WM_SYSCHAR

WM_SYSDEADCHAR

WM_CHAR和WM_DEADCHAR消息是从WM_KEYDOWN得到的；而WM_SYSCHAR和WM_SYSDEADCHAR消息是从WM_SYSKEYDOWN消息得到的（我将简要地讨论一下什么是死字符）。

 

6.3.2 消息顺序

按键

字符代码

产生方法

ANSI C控制字符

Backspace

0x08

Ctrl-H

\b

Tab

0x09

Ctrl-I

\t

Ctrl-Enter

0x0A

Ctrl-J

\n

Enter

0x0D

Ctrl-M

\r

Esc

0x1B

Ctrl-[

   
#include <Windows.h>
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);

int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)
{
    static TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT("WNDCLASS NAME");
    HWND hwnd;
    MSG msg;
    WNDCLASS wndclass;

    wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
    wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
    wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0;
    wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0;
    wndclass.hInstance = hInstance;
    wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
    wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
    wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
    wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
    wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName;

    if (!RegisterClass(&wndclass)) {
        MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("窗口创建失败！需要Windows NT！(传递消息为UNICODE)"), szAppName, MB_ICONERROR);

        return 0;
    }

    hwnd = CreateWindow(
        szAppName,
        TEXT("Hk_Mayfly"),
        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
        CW_USEDEFAULT,
        CW_USEDEFAULT,
        100,//宽度
        100,//高度
        NULL,
        NULL,
        hInstance,
        NULL
    );
    ShowWindow(hwnd, iCmdShow);
    UpdateWindow(hwnd);

    while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) {
        TranslateMessage(&msg);
        DispatchMessage(&msg);
    }

    return msg.wParam;
}

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) {

    switch (message) {
    case WM_CHAR:
        switch (wParam) {
        case 'A':
            MessageBox(hwnd, TEXT("A键被按下!"), TEXT("TEST!"), NULL);
            break;
        case 0x61:
            MessageBox(hwnd, TEXT("a键被按下!"), TEXT("TEST!"), NULL);
            break;
        case '\n':
            MessageBox(hwnd, TEXT("回车键被按下!"), TEXT("TEST!"), NULL);
            break;
        case '\r':
            MessageBox(hwnd, TEXT("Enter--换行键被按下!"), TEXT("TEST!"), NULL);
            break;
        }
        
        return 0;
    case WM_DESTROY:
        PostQuitMessage(0);
        return 0;
    }
    return DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}

 

 

6.3.4 死字符消息

Windows程序经常忽略WM_DEADCHAR和WM_SYSDEADCHAR消息。

定义：在某些非U.S.英语键盘上，有些键用于给字母加上音调。因为它们本身不产生字符，所以称之为「死键」。

工作方式：当使用者按下这个死键时，窗口消息处理程序接收到一个wParam等于音调本身的ASCII或者Unicode代码的WM_DEADCHAR消息。当使用者再按下可以带有此音调的字母键（例如A键）时，窗口消息处理程序会接收到WM_CHAR消息，其中wParam等于带有音调的字母「a」的ANSI代码。

 

6.5 插入符号（不是光标）

当您往程序中输入文字时，通常有一个底线、竖条或者方框来指示输入的下一个字符将出现在屏幕上的位置。这个标志通常称为「光标」，但是在Windows下写程序，您必须改变这个习惯。在Windows中，它称为「插入符号」。「光标」是指表示鼠标位置的那个位图图像。

 

 

键盘操作实例--贪吃球球

整体思路：

#include <Windows.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <time.h>
#include <tchar.h>

#define random(x) (rand()%x)

using namespace std;

bool Flag = TRUE;

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);

int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)
{
    static TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT("WNDCLASS NAME");
    HWND hwnd;
    MSG msg;
    WNDCLASS wndclass;

    wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
    wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
    wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0;
    wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0;
    wndclass.hInstance = hInstance;
    wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
    wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
    wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
    wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
    wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName;

    if (!RegisterClass(&wndclass)) {
        MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("窗口创建失败！需要Windows NT！(传递消息为UNICODE)"), szAppName, MB_ICONERROR);

        return 0;
    }

    hwnd = CreateWindow(
        szAppName,
        TEXT("Hk_Mayfly"),
        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
        CW_USEDEFAULT,
        CW_USEDEFAULT,
        CW_USEDEFAULT,//宽度
        CW_USEDEFAULT,//高度
        NULL,
        NULL,
        hInstance,
        NULL
    );
    ShowWindow(hwnd, iCmdShow);
    UpdateWindow(hwnd);

    while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) {
        TranslateMessage(&msg);
        DispatchMessage(&msg);
    }

    return msg.wParam;
}

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) {
    HDC hdc;
    PAINTSTRUCT ps;
    int i = 0;
    static int cxClient, cyClient, cxFood, cyFood, Count, cyChar;
    static POINT apt[2];
    srand((int)time(NULL));
    static HBRUSH hBrush;
    TCHAR szBuffer[100], szBuffer_A[100];
    TEXTMETRIC tm;

    switch (message) {
    case WM_CREATE:
        hdc = GetDC(hwnd);
        GetTextMetrics(hdc, &tm);
        cyChar = tm.tmHeight + tm.tmExternalLeading;
        hBrush = CreateSolidBrush(RGB(255, 0, 0));
        ReleaseDC(hwnd, hdc);
        return 0;
    case WM_SIZE:
        /*
        初始化球球位置为客户区正中心
        */
        if (Flag) {
            cxClient = LOWORD(lParam);
            cyClient = HIWORD(lParam);

            apt[0].x = cxClient / 2 - 50;
            apt[0].y = cyClient / 2 - 50;
            apt[1].x = cxClient / 2 + 50;
            apt[1].y = cyClient / 2 + 50;

            Flag = FALSE;
        }
        /*
        食物地址随机
        */
        cxFood = random(cxClient);
        cyFood = random(cyClient);
        return 0;
    case WM_KEYDOWN:
        /*
        按键控制球球的移动方向
        */
        switch (wParam) {
        case VK_UP:
            apt[0].y -= 5;
            apt[1].y -= 5;
            break;
        case VK_DOWN:
            apt[0].y += 5;
            apt[1].y += 5;
            break;
        case VK_LEFT:
            apt[0].x -= 5;
            apt[1].x -= 5;
            break;
        case VK_RIGHT:
            apt[0].x += 5;
            apt[1].x += 5;
            break;
        case VK_ESCAPE:
            wsprintf(szBuffer, TEXT("Congratulation!!! You Get %d"), Count);
            MessageBox(hwnd, szBuffer, TEXT("Grade"), 0x4L | 0x40L);
            exit(0);
        }
        /*
        客户区无效化
        */
        InvalidateRect(hwnd, NULL, TRUE);
        return 0;
    case WM_PAINT:
        /*
        判断球球是否吃到食物
        */
        if (apt[0].x <= cxFood - 5 && apt[1].x >= cxFood + 5 && apt[0].y <= cyFood - 5 && apt[1].y >= cyFood + 5) {
            /*
            生成新的食物，且食物不能在球球内
            */
            cxFood = random(cxClient);
            cyFood = random(cyClient);
            while (apt[0].x <= cxFood - 5 && apt[1].x >= cxFood + 5 && apt[0].y <= cyFood - 5 && apt[1].y >= cyFood + 5) {
                cxFood = random(cxClient);
                cyFood = random(cyClient);
            }
            /*
            球球长大了
            */
            apt[0].x -= 4;
            apt[1].x += 4;
            apt[0].y -= 4;
            apt[1].y += 4;
            ++Count;
        }
        hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);
        SelectObject(hdc, GetStockObject(GRAY_BRUSH));
        //绘制球球
        Ellipse(hdc, apt[0].x, apt[0].y, apt[1].x, apt[1].y);
        SelectObject(hdc, hBrush);
        //绘制食物
        Ellipse(hdc, cxFood - 5, cyFood - 5, cxFood + 5, cyFood + 5);

        TextOut(hdc, cxClient - 150, 30 + cyChar * i++, szBuffer_A, wsprintf(szBuffer_A, TEXT("当前分数：%d"), Count));
        TextOut(hdc, cxClient - 150, 30 + cyChar * i++, szBuffer_A, wsprintf(szBuffer_A, TEXT("向上移动：↑")));
        TextOut(hdc, cxClient - 150, 30 + cyChar * i++, szBuffer_A, wsprintf(szBuffer_A, TEXT("向下移动：↓")));
        TextOut(hdc, cxClient - 150, 30 + cyChar * i++, szBuffer_A, wsprintf(szBuffer_A, TEXT("向左移动：←")));
        TextOut(hdc, cxClient - 150, 30 + cyChar * i++, szBuffer_A, wsprintf(szBuffer_A, TEXT("向右移动：→")));
        TextOut(hdc, cxClient - 150, 30 + cyChar * i++, szBuffer_A, wsprintf(szBuffer_A, TEXT("退出：ESC")));
        EndPaint(hwnd, &ps);
        return 0;
    case WM_DESTROY:
        PostQuitMessage(0);
        return 0;
    }
    return DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}

 

破解贪吃球球

有兴趣可以看下：点击进入

标签：Windows,WM,VK,键盘,2000,wndclass,key,程序设计
来源： https://www.cnblogs.com/Mayfly-nymph/p/11438354.html