CentOS7.6 安装 Oracle19c
作者：互联网
下载oracle-database安装包
官方地址：https://www.oracle.com/database/technologies/oracle19c-linux-downloads.html
先下载需要的版本，我用的是rpm包
然后使用sftp将下载好的rpm包上传到linux上
下载preinstall包解决依赖问题
官方地址：http://yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL7/latest/x86_64/
wget http://yum.Oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL7/latest/x86_64/getPackage/oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
使用yum本地安装
安装preinstall
yum localinstall -y oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
安装oracle-databse
yum localinstall -y oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm
配置环境变量
vim /etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c
文件内容如下
#!/bin/bash
#
# chkconfig: 2345 80 05
# Description: This script is responsible for taking care of configuring the Oracle Database and its associated services.
#
# processname: oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c
# Red Hat or SuSE config: /etc/sysconfig/oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c
#
# Set path if path not set
case $PATH in
"") PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/etc
export PATH ;;
esac
# Check if the root user is running this script
if [ $(id -u) != "0" ]
then
echo "You must be root user to run the configurations script. Login as root user and try again."
exit 1
fi
# Setting the required environment variables
export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_VERSION=19c
export ORACLE_SID=ORCLCDB
export TEMPLATE_NAME=General_Purpose.dbc
export CHARSET=AL32UTF8
export PDB_NAME=ORCLPDB1
export LISTENER_NAME=LISTENER
export NUMBER_OF_PDBS=1
export CREATE_AS_CDB=true
# General exports and vars
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
LSNR=$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl
SQLPLUS=$ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus
DBCA=$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca
NETCA=$ORACLE_HOME/bin/netca
ORACLE_OWNER=oracle
RETVAL=0
CONFIG_NAME="oracledb_$ORACLE_SID-$ORACLE_VERSION.conf"
CONFIGURATION="/etc/sysconfig/$CONFIG_NAME"
# Commands
if [ -z "$SU" ];then SU=/bin/su; fi
if [ -z "$GREP" ]; then GREP=/usr/bin/grep; fi
if [ ! -f "$GREP" ]; then GREP=/bin/grep; fi
# To start the DB
start()
{
check_for_configuration
RETVAL=$?
if [ $RETVAL -eq 1 ]
then
echo "The Oracle Database is not configured. You must run '/etc/init.d/oracledb_$ORACLE_SID-$ORACLE_VERSION configure' as the root user to configure the database."
exit
fi
# Check if the DB is already started
pmon=`ps -ef | egrep pmon_$ORACLE_SID'\>' | $GREP -v grep`
if [ "$pmon" = "" ];
then
# Unset the proxy env vars before calling sqlplus
unset_proxy_vars
echo "Starting Oracle Net Listener."
$SU -s /bin/bash $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$LSNR start $LISTENER_NAME" > /dev/null 2>&1
RETVAL=$?
if [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ]
then
echo "Oracle Net Listener started."
fi
echo "Starting Oracle Database instance $ORACLE_SID."
$SU -s /bin/bash $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$SQLPLUS -s /nolog << EOF
connect / as sysdba
startup
alter pluggable database all open
exit;
EOF" > /dev/null 2>&1
RETVAL1=$?
if [ $RETVAL1 -eq 0 ]
then
echo "Oracle Database instance $ORACLE_SID started."
fi
else
echo "The Oracle Database instance $ORACLE_SID is already started."
exit 0
fi
echo
if [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && [ $RETVAL1 -eq 0 ]
then
return 0
else
echo "Failed to start Oracle Net Listener using $ORACLE_HOME/bin/tnslsnr and Oracle Database using $ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus."
exit 1
fi
}
# To stop the DB
stop()
{
check_for_configuration
RETVAL=$?
if [ $RETVAL -eq 1 ]
then
echo "The Oracle Database is not configured. You must run '/etc/init.d/oracledb_$ORACLE_SID-$ORACLE_VERSION configure' as the root user to configure the database."
exit 1
fi
# Check if the DB is already stopped
pmon=`ps -ef | egrep pmon_$ORACLE_SID'\>' | $GREP -v grep`
if [ "$pmon" = "" ]
then
echo "Oracle Database instance $ORACLE_SID is already stopped."
exit 1
else
# Unset the proxy env vars before calling sqlplus
unset_proxy_vars
echo "Shutting down Oracle Database instance $ORACLE_SID."
$SU -s /bin/bash $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$SQLPLUS -s /nolog << EOF
connect / as sysdba
shutdown immediate
exit;
EOF" > /dev/null 2>&1
RETVAL=$?
if [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ]
then
echo "Oracle Database instance $ORACLE_SID shut down."
fi
echo "Stopping Oracle Net Listener."
$SU -s /bin/bash $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$LSNR stop $LISTENER_NAME" > /dev/null 2>&1
RETVAL1=$?
if [ $RETVAL1 -eq 0 ]
then
echo "Oracle Net Listener stopped."
fi
fi
echo
if [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && [ $RETVAL1 -eq 0 ]
then
return 0
else
echo "Failed to stop Oracle Net Listener using $ORACLE_HOME/bin/tnslsnr and Oracle Database using $ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus."
exit 1
fi
}
# To call DBCA to configure the DB
configure_perform()
{
# Unset the proxy env vars before calling dbca
unset_proxy_vars
echo "Configuring Oracle Database $ORACLE_SID."
$SU -s /bin/bash $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$DBCA -silent -createDatabase -gdbName $ORACLE_SID -templateName $TEMPLATE_NAME -characterSet $CHARSET -createAsContainerDatabase $CREATE_AS_CDB -numberOfPDBs $NUMBER_OF_PDBS -pdbName $PDB_NAME -createListener $LISTENER_NAME:$LISTENER_PORT -datafileDestination $ORACLE_DATA_LOCATION -sid $ORACLE_SID -autoGeneratePasswords -emConfiguration DBEXPRESS -emExpressPort $EM_EXPRESS_PORT"
RETVAL=$?
echo
if [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ]
then
echo "Database configuration completed successfully. The passwords were auto generated, you must change them by connecting to the database using 'sqlplus / as sysdba' as the oracle user."
return 0
else
echo "Database configuration failed."
exit 1
fi
}
# Enh 27965939 - Unsets the proxy env variables
unset_proxy_vars()
{
if [ "$http_proxy" != "" ]
then
unset http_proxy
fi
if [ "$HTTP_PROXY" != "" ]
then
unset HTTP_PROXY
fi
if [ "$https_proxy" != "" ]
then
unset https_proxy
fi
if [ "$HTTPS_PROXY" != "" ]
then
unset HTTPS_PROXY
fi
}
# Check if the DB is already configured
check_for_configuration()
{
configfile=`$GREP --no-messages $ORACLE_SID:$ORACLE_HOME /etc/oratab` > /dev/null 2>&1
if [ "$configfile" = "" ]
then
return 1
fi
return 0
}
read_config_file()
{
if [ -f "$CONFIGURATION" ]
then
. "$CONFIGURATION"
else
echo "The Oracle Database is not configured. Unable to read the configuration file '$CONFIGURATION'"
exit 1;
fi
}
# Entry point to configure the DB
configure()
{
check_for_configuration
RETVAL=$?
if [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ]
then
echo "Oracle Database instance $ORACLE_SID is already configured."
exit 1
fi
read_config_file
check_port_availability
check_em_express_port_availability
configure_perform
}
check_port_availability()
{
port=`netstat -n --tcp --listen | $GREP :$LISTENER_PORT`
if [ "$port" != "" ]
then
echo "Port $LISTENER_PORT appears to be in use by another application. Specify a different port in the configuration file '$CONFIGURATION'"
exit 1;
fi
}
# Validation method to check for port availability for Oracle EM Express
check_em_express_port_availability()
{
port=`netstat -n --tcp --listen | $GREP :$EM_EXPRESS_PORT`
if [ "$port" != "" ]
then
echo "Port $EM_EXPRESS_PORT appears to be in use by another application. Specify a different Oracle EM Express port in the configuration file '$CONFIGURATION'"
exit 1;
fi
}
restart()
{
# Check if the DB is already stopped
pmon=`ps -ef | egrep pmon_$ORACLE_SID'\>' | $GREP -v grep`
if [ "$pmon" = "" ]
then
start
else
stop
start
fi
}
configure_delete()
{
# Unset the proxy env vars before calling dbca and netca
unset_proxy_vars
ORABASE=`$ORACLE_HOME/bin/orabase`
NETCA_LOG_DIR="$ORABASE/cfgtoollogs/netca"
LSNR_CONFIG_FILE="$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora"
if [ ! -d "$NETCA_LOG_DIR" ]
then
$SU -s /bin/bash $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$MKDIR_CMD -p $NETCA_LOG_DIR"
fi
NETCA_LOG="$NETCA_LOG_DIR/netca_deinst_out.log"
echo "Detecting existing Listeners..."
if [ -f "$LSNR_CONFIG_FILE" ]
then
NUMBER_OF_LISTENERS=`grep -w "DESCRIPTION_LIST" $LSNR_CONFIG_FILE | wc -l`
if [ "$NUMBER_OF_LISTENERS" == "1" ]
then
echo "Deleting Oracle Listener...."
$SU -s /bin/bash $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$LSNR stop $LISTENER_NAME" > /dev/null 2>&1
$SU -s /bin/bash $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$NETCA /deinst >>$NETCA_LOG"
else
if [ "$NUMBER_OF_LISTENERS" != "0" ]
then
echo "There were more Listeners detected. Verify and remove them manually so the service can be safely deleted"
exit
else
echo "No Listeners were detected. Proceeding with Database removal"
fi
fi
else
echo "No Listener configuration file found. Proceeding with Database removal"
fi
#Then proceed to remove the database
echo "Detecting existing Oracle Databases..."
check_for_configuration
RETVAL=$?
if [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ]
then
echo "Deleting Oracle Database $ORACLE_SID."
$SU -s /bin/bash $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$DBCA -silent -deleteDatabase -sourceDB $ORACLE_SID -skipSYSDBAPasswordPrompt true"
else
echo "The Oracle Database is not configured. You must run '/etc/init.d/oracledb_$ORACLE_SID-@<DBNRMAJVSNLETTER_STR>@ configure' as the root user to configure the database"
exit
fi
}
case "$1" in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
configure)
configure
;;
delete)
configure_delete
;;
restart)
restart
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|configure|delete}"
exit 1
;;
esac
exit 0
需要修改部分
只需要修改下面几个即可，包括字符集，服务标识，可插拔数据库名字
export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle
export ORACLE_SID=ORA19C export CHARSET=ZHS16GBK export PDB_NAME=ORA19CPDB
去sysconfg文件夹下复制一份配置，对应上前面修改的服务名称
cd /etc/sysconfig cp oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c.conf oracledb_ORA19C-19c.conf
然后使用root用户进行配置
/etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c configure
报错Oracle Net Services配置失败
这里报错VM-0-12-centos没有返回有效ip，查看/etc/hosts
这里发现VM-0-12-centos绑定的是127.0.0.1的ip地址，包含127的网段是不合法的
所以才会报错无效的ip地址
只需要把VM-0-12-centos那两行用#注释掉就可以
添加环境变量
vim /etc/profile.d/oracle19c.sh
增加内容
export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1 export PATH=$PATH:/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/bin export ORACLE_SID=ORA19C
profile.d和profile的区别：https://www.cnblogs.com/YC-L/p/14602415.html
启动Oracle
切换到oracle用户
su - oracle
输入指令启动监听
lsnrctl start
使用sysdba免密登陆添加用户，修改密码等
首先要切换到oracle，前面启动监听已经切换过，所以不用再切换
执行以下命令
sqlplus / as sysdba
修改密码
alter user sys identified by root
oracle not available
需要启动一下oracle
startup
然后进入sqlplus使用startup启动一下，报错
内存自动管理的参数MEMORY_TARGET，它能自动调整SGA和PGA
需要用到/dev/shm共享文件系统，而且要求/dev/shm必须大于MEMORY_TARGET，如果/dev/shm比MEMORY_TARGET小，就会报错
我的是自己买的测试机
先查看/dev/shm的大小
df -h
可以看到是919M，默认/dev/shm是内存大小的两倍，可以配置为一半的1.5倍--1378M
打开配置文件
vim /etc/fstab
然后追加或者修改
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults,size=1378M 0 0
重新挂载/dev/shm使配置生效
mount -o remount /dev/shm
如果有报错打印一下错误信息
我之前没有写1378M，而是用了1.5G，查了一下该参数必须是整数，不能有小数点，改过以后就没有报错了
挂载完后确认一下容量
/dev/shm是做什么的：
至此，oracle19c就安装完成了，后面登陆进行操作就可以了
标签：bin,Oracle19c,echo,Oracle,SID,ORACLE,fi,安装,CentOS7.6 来源： https://www.cnblogs.com/YC-L/p/14601767.html