C#串口连接的读取和发送详解
作者:互联网
C#串口连接的读取和发送详解
一、串口连接的打开与关闭
串口,即COM口,在.NET中使用 SerialPort 类进行操作。串口开启与关闭,是涉及慢速硬件的IO操作,频繁打开或关闭会影响整体处理速度,甚至导致打开或关闭串口失败。非特殊情况,串口一次性打开后,在退出程序时关闭串口即可。在打开串口前,可以设置一些常用的参数。常用的参数如下:
(1)串口的接受/发送超时时间:ReadTimeout/WriteTimeout。
(2) 串口的接受/发送缓存区大小:ReadBufferSize/WriteBufferSize。
具体代码如下:
// Open Com
_serialPort = new SerialPort(com, baud);
if (_serialPort.IsOpen) _serialPort.Close();
// Set the read / write timeouts
_serialPort.ReadTimeout = 500;
_serialPort.WriteTimeout = 500;
// Set read / write buffer Size,the default of value is 1MB
_serialPort.ReadBufferSize = 1024 * 1024;
_serialPort.WriteBufferSize = 1024 * 1024;
_serialPort.Open();
// Discard Buffer
_serialPort.DiscardInBuffer();
_serialPort.DiscardOutBuffer();
二、串口发送
SerialPort 类发送支持二进制发送与文本发送,需要注意的是文本发送时,需要知道转换的规则,一般常用的是ASCII、UTF7、UTF-8、UNICODE、UTF32。具体代码如下
需要注意的是超出缓冲区的部分会被直接丢弃。因此,如果需要使用串口传送大文件,那接收方和发送方都需要将各自的缓冲区域设置的足够大,以便能够一次性存储下大文件的二进制数组。若条件限制,缓冲区域不能设置过大,那就需要在发送大文件的时候按照发送缓冲区大小分包去发送,接收方按顺序把该数组组合起来形成接受文件的二进制数组。
#region Send
/// <summary>
/// 发送消息(byte数组)
/// </summary>
/// <param name="buffer"></param>
/// <param name="offset"></param>
/// <param name="count"></param>
public void Send(byte[] buffer, int offset, int count)
{
lock (_mux)
{
_serialPort.Write(buffer, offset, count);
_sendCount += (count - offset);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 发送消息(字符串)
/// </summary>
/// <param name="encoding">字符串编码方式,具体方式见<see cref="Encoding"/></param>
/// <param name="message"></param>
public void Send(Encoding encoding , string message)
{
lock (_mux)
{
var buffer = encoding.GetBytes(message);
_serialPort.Write(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
_sendCount += buffer.Length;
}
}
#endregion
三、串口接收
串口接收需要注意,消息接受与消息处理要代码分离。不能把流程处理的代码放入信息接受处,因为消息处理或多或少会有耗时,这会造成当发送方发送过快时,接受方的接受缓冲区会缓存多条消息。我们可以把接受到的消息放入队列中,然后在外部线程中,尝试去拿出该条消息进行消费。采用 “生产-消费”模式。具体代码如下:
#region Receive
private void PushMessage()
{
_serialPort.DataReceived += (sender, e) =>
{
lock (_mux)
{
if (_serialPort.IsOpen == false) return;
int length = _serialPort.BytesToRead;
byte[] buffer = new byte[length];
_serialPort.Read(buffer, 0, length);
_receiveCount += length;
_messageQueue.Enqueue(buffer);
_messageWaitHandle.Set();
}
};
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取串口接受到的内容
/// </summary>
/// <param name="millisecondsToTimeout">取消息的超时时间</param>
/// <returns>返回byte数组</returns>
public byte[] TryMessage(int millisecondsToTimeout = -1)
{
if (_messageQueue.TryDequeue(out var message))
{
return message;
}
if (_messageWaitHandle.WaitOne(millisecondsToTimeout))
{
if (_messageQueue.TryDequeue(out message))
{
return message;
}
}
return default;
}
#endregion
四、完整代码与测试结果
using System;
using System.Collections.Concurrent;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO.Ports;
using System.Linq;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace SerialportDemo
{
public class SSerialPort
{
private SerialPort _serialPort;
private readonly ConcurrentQueue<byte[]> _messageQueue;
private readonly EventWaitHandle _messageWaitHandle;
private int _receiveCount, _sendCount;
private readonly object _mux;
public int ReceiveCount
{
get => _receiveCount;
}
public int SendCount
{
get => _sendCount;
}
public SSerialPort(string com, int baud )
{
// initialized
_mux=new object();
_receiveCount = 0;
_sendCount = 0;
_messageQueue = new ConcurrentQueue<byte[]>();
_messageWaitHandle = new EventWaitHandle(false, EventResetMode.AutoReset);
// Open Com
OpenCom(com.ToUpper(),baud);
// Receive byte
PushMessage();
}
private void OpenCom(string com, int baud)
{
// Open Com
_serialPort = new SerialPort(com, baud);
if (_serialPort.IsOpen) _serialPort.Close();
// Set the read / write timeouts
_serialPort.ReadTimeout = 500;
_serialPort.WriteTimeout = 500;
// Set read / write buffer Size,the default of value is 1MB
_serialPort.ReadBufferSize = 1024 * 1024;
_serialPort.WriteBufferSize = 1024 * 1024;
_serialPort.Open();
// Discard Buffer
_serialPort.DiscardInBuffer();
_serialPort.DiscardOutBuffer();
}
#region Static
/// <summary>
/// 获取当前计算机的串行端口名的数组
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string[] GetPortNames()
{
return SerialPort.GetPortNames();
}
#endregion
#region Receive
private void PushMessage()
{
_serialPort.DataReceived += (sender, e) =>
{
lock (_mux)
{
if (_serialPort.IsOpen == false) return;
int length = _serialPort.BytesToRead;
byte[] buffer = new byte[length];
_serialPort.Read(buffer, 0, length);
_receiveCount += length;
_messageQueue.Enqueue(buffer);
_messageWaitHandle.Set();
}
};
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取串口接受到的内容
/// </summary>
/// <param name="millisecondsToTimeout">取消息的超时时间</param>
/// <returns>返回byte数组</returns>
public byte[] TryMessage(int millisecondsToTimeout = -1)
{
if (_messageQueue.TryDequeue(out var message))
{
return message;
}
if (_messageWaitHandle.WaitOne(millisecondsToTimeout))
{
if (_messageQueue.TryDequeue(out message))
{
return message;
}
}
return default;
}
#endregion
#region Send
/// <summary>
/// 发送消息(byte数组)
/// </summary>
/// <param name="buffer"></param>
/// <param name="offset"></param>
/// <param name="count"></param>
public void Send(byte[] buffer, int offset, int count)
{
lock (_mux)
{
_serialPort.Write(buffer, offset, count);
_sendCount += (count - offset);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 发送消息(字符串)
/// </summary>
/// <param name="encoding">字符串编码方式,具体方式见<see cref="Encoding"/></param>
/// <param name="message"></param>
public void Send(Encoding encoding , string message)
{
lock (_mux)
{
var buffer = encoding.GetBytes(message);
_serialPort.Write(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
_sendCount += buffer.Length;
}
}
#endregion
/// <summary>
/// 清空接受/发送总数统计
/// </summary>
public void ClearCount()
{
lock (_mux)
{
_sendCount = 0;
_receiveCount = 0;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 关闭串口
/// </summary>
public void Close()
{
_serialPort.Close();
}
}
}
测试代码如下:
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Console.WriteLine($"该计算机可使用的串口列表:{string.Join(",", SSerialPort.GetPortNames())}");
Console.Write("请输入需要打开的串口:");
string port = Console.ReadLine();
SSerialPort com = new SSerialPort(port, 57600);
Console.WriteLine($"串口 {port} 打开成功...");
Console.Write("请输入需要打开的串口发送的消息:");
string text = Console.ReadLine();
while (true)
{
com.Send(Encoding.Default, text);
Console.WriteLine($"总共发送 {com.SendCount}");
var message = com.TryMessage();
if (message != null)
{
Console.WriteLine($"{DateTime.Now.ToString("HH:mm:ss fff")} {Encoding.Default.GetString(message)}");
TEST:从添加延时可以测试到,接受消息和处理消息必须分不同线程处理。因为对于消息的处理或多或少都需要耗时,这样容易造成消息处理不及时。而添加到队列后,我们可以随时取出处理
//System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(100*1);
}
Console.WriteLine($"总共接受 {com.ReceiveCount}");
}
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
使用串口工具测试如下,对于串口的接受如丝般顺滑。当我们在消息中增加测试延时后,就会发现当串口工具继续快速发送一段时间后关闭发送,发现使用队列后,依然没有丢失一条来自发送方的消息。
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Threading;
using System.IO.Ports;
namespace PacketsTest
{
class ComSR
{
private SerialPort serialPort;
private bool status = false;//接受结束状态,true为成功接收到数据.
private byte[] reciveData = null;//接受到的数据存储到这里.
public bool Status
{
set { status = value; }
get { return status; }
}
public byte[] RecivedData
{
get { return reciveData; }
}
public SerialPort _SerialPort
{
get { return serialPort; }
}
public ComSR(string portName,int baudRate,int dataBits,Parity parity,StopBits stopbits)
{
serialPort = new SerialPort();
serialPort.PortName = portName;//设置端口
serialPort.BaudRate = baudRate;//设置波特率
serialPort.DataBits = dataBits;//设置数据长度
serialPort.Parity = parity;//设置奇偶校验协议
serialPort.StopBits = stopbits;//停止位
serialPort.ReceivedBytesThreshold = 1;//这里是读事件触发条件,1代表一个字节
serialPort.DtrEnable = true;//启用数据终端就绪信号
serialPort.RtsEnable = true;//请求发送就绪信号
serialPort.DataReceived += new SerialDataReceivedEventHandler(Data_Recive);//绑定处理读事件的函数.
}
public void SendBuff(byte[] data)
{
try
{
serialPort.Write(data, 0, data.Length);//这里是写
}
catch (Exception e)
{
if (serialPort != null && serialPort.IsOpen)
{
status = false; //这个status是我在上层类中判断端口读写状态的属性,可以去掉
serialPort.Close();
}
}
}
void Data_Recive(object o, EventArgs e)//这个是读端口,事件处理函数
{
try
{
Thread.Sleep(3);
int length = serialPort.BytesToRead;
reciveData = new byte[length];
serialPort.Read(reciveData, 0, length);
while (serialPort.BytesToRead != 0)//由于数据长度读写不一,而且时间很难确定,所以在这里做了这样的处理
{
Thread.Sleep(1);
}
if (serialPort.IsOpen)
{
status = true;
//serialPort.Close();//这里不应该关闭,应当在更高层次的程序上关闭端口.
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
if (serialPort != null && serialPort.IsOpen)
{
status = false;
serialPort.Close();
}
}
}
public void PortOpen()
{
if (!serialPort.IsOpen)
{
serialPort.Open();
}
else
{
serialPort.Close();
serialPort.Open();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 关闭端口
/// </summary>
public void PortClose()
{
if (serialPort != null && serialPort.IsOpen)
{
serialPort.Close();
}
}
}
}
标签:C#,System,serialPort,buffer,详解,串口,byte,public 来源: https://blog.csdn.net/kalvin_y_liu/article/details/117396839