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数据挖掘实践(30):算法基础(七)梯度提升

作者:互联网

0 简介

0.1 主题

0.2 目标

1) 能够掌握传统的集成框架的类型

2) 能够掌握GBDT的算法过程

3) 能够掌握GBDT的残差

1 提升的概念

 

 

 

2 基本函数

  所有可行的弱函数集合(基函数)

3 目标函数

3.1 目标函数策略

 3.2 损失函数

 

4 最优求解思路

 

 

5 最优函数

5.1 过程简介

 

 

 

 5.2 GBDT算法核心:残差拟合样本

 

 

5.3 小结

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

6 GDBT算法实验

import gzip 
import pickle as pkl 
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split 

def load_data(path):
    f = gzip.open(path, 'rb')
    
    try:
        #Python3
        train_set, valid_set, test_set = pkl.load(f, encoding='latin1')
    except:
        #Python2
        train_set, valid_set, test_set = pkl.load(f)
    f.close() 
    return(train_set,valid_set,test_set) 

path = 'mnist.pkl.gz' 
train_set,valid_set,test_set = load_data(path)

Xtrain,_,ytrain,_ = train_test_split(train_set[0], train_set[1], test_size=0.9)
Xtest,_,ytest,_ = train_test_split(test_set[0], test_set[1], test_size=0.9)
print(Xtrain.shape, ytrain.shape, Xtest.shape, ytest.shape)
(5000, 784) (5000,) (1000, 784) (1000,)
from sklearn.ensemble import GradientBoostingClassifier
import numpy as np
import time 


clf = GradientBoostingClassifier(n_estimators=10, 
                                 learning_rate=0.1, 
                                 max_depth=3)


start_time = time.time() 
clf.fit(Xtrain, ytrain)
end_time = time.time() 
print('The training time = {}'.format(end_time - start_time)) 

#prediction and evaluation 
pred = clf.predict(Xtest)
accuracy = np.sum(pred == ytest) / pred.shape[0]
print('Test accuracy = {}'.format(accuracy)) 
The training time = 22.512996673583984
Test accuracy = 0.807
%matplotlib inline
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.hist(clf.feature_importances_)
print(max(clf.feature_importances_), min(clf.feature_importances_))
0.042681420232887304 0.0

 

 

from collections import OrderedDict
d = {}
for i in range(len(clf.feature_importances_)):
    if clf.feature_importances_[i] > 0.01:
        d[i] = clf.feature_importances_[i]

sorted_feature_importances = OrderedDict(sorted(d.items(), key=lambda x:x[1], reverse=True))
D = sorted_feature_importances
rects = plt.bar(range(len(D)), D.values(), align='center')
plt.xticks(range(len(D)), D.keys(),rotation=90)
plt.show()

7 Shrinkage(衰减)与Step(步长)

8 参数设置和正则化

9 总结

9.1 GDBT主要由Regression Decision Tree, Gradient Boosting, Shrinkage 三个概念组成

9.2 为什么GBDT的树深较RF通常比较浅(RF是通过减少模型的方差来提高性能,而GBDT是减少模型的偏差来提高性能的原理)

10 笔面试相关

10.1 什么是集成学习?集成学习有哪些框架?简单介绍各个框架的常用算法?

10.2 GBDT相比于决策树有什么优点/

 

标签:set,梯度,clf,30,test,train,time,数据挖掘,importances
来源: https://www.cnblogs.com/qiu-hua/p/14399148.html