c# – 似乎无法获得通用协方差/反协方差
作者:互联网
假设我有以下代码:
public interface IBaseMessage { }
public interface IMessageProcessor<in T> where T : IBaseMessage {
void Process(T msg);
}
public class RRMessage : IBaseMessage {
//something here
}
public class BaseMessageProcessor {
//something here
}
public class RRMessageProcessor : BaseMessageProcessor, IMessageProcessor<RRMessage> {
public void Process(RRMessage msg) {
Console.WriteLine("Processed RRMessage");
}
}
public Dictionary<Type, IMessageProcessor<IBaseMessage>> MessageProcessors = new Dictionary<Type, IMessageProcessor<IBaseMessage>>();
[Test]
public void Test1() {
var msgProcessor = new RRMessageProcessor();
MessageProcessors.Add(typeof(RRMessage), msgProcessor);
}
我为接口IMessageProcessor启用了逆变.为什么MessageProcessors.Add(typeof(RRMessage),msgProcessor);导致编译时错误:
Argument 2: cannot convert from ‘RRMessageProcessor’ to
‘IMessageProcessor<IBaseMessage>’
它似乎应该能够转换,因为RRMessageProcessor:IMessageProcessor< RRMessage:IBaseMessage>>我怎样才能让它发挥作用?
解决方法:
IMessageProcessor< in T>在T中是逆变的,而不是协变的.这意味着允许以下内容:
class RRSubtype : RRMessage {}
IMessageProcessor<RRSubtype> p = new RRMessageProcessor();
你想要做的是静态不安全,因为它允许你这样做:
class NotRRMessage : IBaseMessage { }
IMessageProcessor<IBaseMessage> p = new RRMessageProcessor();
p.Process(new NotRRMessage());
所以你需要动态地保持安全性,你似乎正在尝试使用字典Type – >处理器.因此,您可以创建一个不安全的包装类型:
public class ProcessorWrapper<T> : IMessageProcessor<IBaseMessage> {
private readonly IMessageProcessor<T> inner;
public ProcessorWrapper(IMessageProcessor<T> inner) { this.inner = inner; }
public void Process(IBaseMessage msg)
{
if(msg is T) { inner.Process((T)msg); }
else throw new ArgumentException("Invalid message type");
}
}
然后,您可以使用这些包装器构建列表,同时保持内部处理器的输入,例如,
public Dictionary<Type, IMessageProcessor<IBaseMessage>> MessageProcessors = new Dictionary<Type, IMessageProcessor<IBaseMessage>>();
MessageProcessors.Add(new ProcessorWrapper<RRMessage>(new RRMessageProcessor());
标签:c,covariance,contravariance,generics 来源: https://codeday.me/bug/20190702/1355339.html